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photomontage: tank, soldier and fighter jet against background of $100 billsImage CreditResources and Credits

Research Sources

We’re grateful to the following resources for providing background information for this activity:

Government
Central Intelligence Agency,
“The World Factbook,” 2008
Central Intelligence Agency
 
The White House,
“The National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” September 17, 2002
White House Office of Management and Budget,
  • “Mid-Session Review: Budget of the U.S. Government Fiscal Year 2008,” July 11, 2007
  • “The Budget for the Fiscal Year 2007: Summary Tables”
  • “The Budget for the Fiscal Year 2008: Summary Tables”
  • “The Budget for the Fiscal Year 2009: Summary Tables”
U.S. Air Force,
  • “Factsheet: F-15E Strike Eagle,” October 2007
  • “Factsheet: F-16 Fighting Falcon,” October 2007
  • “Factsheet: F-15 Eagle,” March 2008
U.S. Census Bureau,
  • “U.S. Armed Forces and Veterans,” April 10, 2003
  • “Current Population Survey, 2006 Annual Social and Economic Supplement,” March 27, 2007
U.S. Department of Defense,
  • “Department of Defense 101: Five Million Strong”
  • “Fiscal 2008 Department of Defense Budget Released,” February 5, 2007
  • “Fiscal 2007 Department of Defense Budget Released,” February 6, 2006
  • “It takes more than soldiers to protect America”
U.S. Department of Education,
“Fiscal Year 2008 Budget Summary,” February 5, 2007
U.S. Department of Energy,
“Department of Energy Requests $24.3 Billion for FY 2008 Budget,” February 5, 2007
U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
“Fiscal Year 2008 Budget Priorities,” February 16, 2007
U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics,
“Occupational Employment Statistics,” May 2006
U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs: Office of the Historian,
“Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961-2003: A Brief Chronology,” March 2004
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: Office of Budget,
“Fiscal Year 2008 Budget Submission,” September 27, 2007
U.S. Energy Information Administration,
“Electric Power Annual 2006”
U.S. Government Accountability Office,
“Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs,” March 31, 2008
U.S. Missile Defense Agency,
  • “Historical Funding for MDA FY85-08”
  • “Fiscal Year 2007 (FY07): Budget Estimate”
  • “Fiscal Year 2008 (FY08): Budget Estimate,” January 31, 2007
U.S. Office of Personnel Management,
“Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics: The Fact Book 2005 Edition,” February 2006
U.S. Air Force
 
U.S. Army
 
U.S. Census Bureau
 
U.S. Department of Education
 
U.S. Department of Energy
 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
 
U.S. Department of Labor
 
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
 
U.S. Government Accountability Office
 
U.S. Government Printing Office
Articles and Background
Aerospaceweb.org,
“Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Multi-Role Fighter: Data”
Associated Press,
“Previous Attacks Against the United States,” September 11, 2001
Axe, David,
“Raptor Critic Lashes Out,” Wired.com, January 29, 2008
BBC News,
  • “US-Iraqi contract ‘in disarray,’” October 23, 2007
  • “Rice pressed on Iraq 'corruption,’” October 25, 2007
  • “US Iraq fraud office investigated,” December 14, 2007
CNN.com,
  • “Serb protesters attack U.S. Embassy,” February 21, 2008
  • “Pentagon overspending, delays getting worse, auditors find,” April 1, 2008
Colt Defense Weapons Systems,
“Customers/Weapons users,” 2003
Eisman, Dale,
“A New Element to the F-22 Debate: Air Force jet funding on the line with Senate vote,” Center for Defense Information, June 14, 2006
The Economist,
  • “After smart weapons, smart soldiers,” October 25, 2007
  • “Brains, not bullets,” October 25, 2007
Erwin, Sandra I.,
“Weapon Makers Contend With Decline in U.S. Manufacturing,” National Defense Magazine, January 2007
Federation of American Scientists,
“U.S. Arms Transfers: Government Data,” 2008
Feller, Ben,
“Bush signs $162 billion war spending bill,” Associated Press, June 30, 2008
Glanz, James,
“Inspector of Projects in Iraq Under Investigation,” The New York Times, May 4, 2007
GlobalSecurity.org,
“The World at War” HM Treasury, “Budget 2008: Where taxpayers money is spent,” March 2008
Hillary Clinton campaign,
“Hillary Clinton Promotes Plan for Strong Defense and Good Jobs in Indiana,” April 12, 2008
Hossan, Mohamed Olad,
“US military: Al-Qaida in Somalia head targeted in US strike,” Associated Press, May 1, 2008
Kessler, Glenn, and Alan Sipress,
“Suicide bombers explode in Western targets in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,” The Washington Post, May 13, 2003
Leiner, Barry, et al.,
“A Brief History of the Internet,” Internet Society, December 10, 2003
Lockheed Martin,
“F-35 Lightning II,” 2008
Miller, T. Christian,
“Charges of fraud in Iraq contracts,” SFGate.com, July 30, 2004
Nation, R. Craig,
“War in the Balkans, 1991-2002,” Strategic Studies Institute, August 2003
Offley, Ed,
“The F-22 Raptor is said to be invisible … until it isn’t,” Nieman Watchdog, April 19, 2006
Phillips, Michael M.,
“U.S. Receives Less From Corporate Taxes,” The Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2008
Reuters,
“Clinton offers steps to help defense industry,” April 12, 2008
Rhodes, Richard,
“The Making of the Atomic Bomb,” 1986
RIA Novosti,
“Defense spending to grow 16.3% in 2008 — finance minister,” March 23, 2008
Schmitt, Eric,
“National Briefing Washington; Army Official Resigning,” The New York Times, November 30, 2007
Schmitt, Eric, and Jeffrey Gettleman,
“Qaeda Leader Reported Killed in Somalia,” The New York Times, May 2, 2008
Schwartz, Peter, and Doug Randall,
“An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security,” Global Business Network, October 2003
Shah, Anup,
“World Military Spending,” www.globalissues.org, March 1, 2008
Shanker, Thom,
“Gates Wants Weapons Useful in Current Conflicts,” The New York Times, May 13, 2008
Sherriff, Lucy,
“US deploys F/A-22 Raptor,” The Register, October 28, 2004
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,
  • “Recent trends in military expenditure”
  • “The 15 Major Spender Countries in 2006,” 2007
  • “Financial value of the arms trade”
  • “SIPRI Yearbook 2007: Armaments, Disarmaments and International Security”
Stiglitz, Joseph E. and Linda J. Bilmes,
“The $3 Trillion War,” Vanity Fair, April 2008
Taubman, Philip,
“Lesson on How Not to Build a Navy Ship,” The New York Times, April 25, 2008
Tehran Times,
“Iran’s defense spending per capita among lowest in Mideast,” April 28, 2008
Thrush, Glenn,
“Pentagon grilled on body armor shortage,” Newsday.com, January 12, 2006
Townsend, Mark, and Paul Harris,
“Now the Pentagon tells Bush: climate change will destroy us,” Observer (UK), February 22, 2004
Tyson, Ann Scott,
“Thousands of Army Humvees Lack Armor Upgrade,” The Washington Post, February 12, 2007
Union of Concerned Scientists,
“Global Security: Missile Defense,” November 19, 2007
United Nations,
“List of Member States,” October 3, 2006
Weidenbaum, Murray,
“The Economics of Defense Spending,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, February 14, 2006
Wright, Robin,
“Inspector General for Iraq Under Investigation,” December 14, 2007
Yardley, Jim, and David Lague,
“Beijing Accelerates Its Military Spending,” The New York Times, March 5, 2007

More Information

Image Credits


Step 1 image montage:
A portion of this image courtesyU.S. Department of Defense: DefenseLINK
See original DoD photo by Staff Sgt. Russell Lee Klika, U.S. Army.

Step 2 image montage:
A portion of this image courtesyU.S. Air Force: Air Force Link
See original DoD photo by Staff Sgt Joshua Strang.

Step 3 image montage:
A portion of this image courtesyU.S. Department of Defense: DefenseLINK
See original DoD photo by Richard Bumgardner, U.S. Army.

Step 4 image montage:
A portion of this image courtesyU.S. Department of Defense: DefenseLINK
See original DoD photo by Staff Sgt. Samuel Bendet, U.S. Air Force.

Credits page image montage:
Portions of this image courtesyU.S. Department of Defense: DefenseLINK
See original DoD photo by Richard Bumgardner, U.S. Army.
See original DoD photo by Staff Sgt. Samuel Bendet, U.S. Air Force.
See original DoD photo by Staff Sgt Joshua Strang.
Background images:
iStockPhoto.com

Site Credits

  • Researched and written by Keith Laidlaw
  • Produced and edited by Meghan Laslocky
  • Designed by Rick Elizaga and Eric Westby
  • Created by KQED Interactive
  • In memory of Sean Fagan