Not long ago, nuclear power was unthinkable among environmentalists, particularly in California, where a moratorium on new power plants has put a lid on the industry for thirty years. But that sentiment may be changing.
You may listen to the “Reconsidering Nuclear Power” Radio report online.
Amy Standen is a Reporter for QUEST and Radio News at KQED-FM.
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I really enjoyed this story. One of the big selling points of nuclear is its offsetting of greenhouse gases. Can you give me some idea of the offset? For example, let’s say we wanted to keep our CO2 production at current levels. How many nuclear power plants would we need to build to supply any increases we needed in energy production? How big a dent will these nuclear power plants put in the U.S.’s carbon footprint?
Existing reactors in the U.S. produce 100 GW of electricity, 20% of U.S. consumption. This is approximately one full “climate stabilization wedge,” where the idea is that one would have some 8 to 10 different technologies (efficiency, renewables, etc.) that added together would serve to stablize carbon emissions. Thus if the U.S. were to double its nuclear capacity by 2030 (quite reasonable, since we built the first 100 GW in a roughly comparable time), then nuclear could provide a second stabilization wedge. This is a reasonable goal to shoot for.
This is a good question.
The simplest answer is that US increases in demand can be met, more or
less, with expansions in energy efficiency.
The real issue is that we have many coal fired power plants planned for
the future, and these are way to carbon intensive to consider in a
greenhouse constrined world. (Coal plants would all have to be carbon
capture ready, at an added cost of ~ 3 cents/kWh based on current
estimates,
but this is NOT currently planned). With coal at ~ 3 - 5 cents/kWh
already, this makes coal a very expensive proposition relative to
nuclear (and, actually, several other renewables), adding this 3
cents/kWh
kicker makes it an expensive deal, even before the other negtives of
coal.
So, to answer this, a simple, but a bit long response you could send
would be:
Making the response pretty simple (and overlooking lots of
transition issues)
The US used ~ 3 trillion kilowatt hours in 2005, dividing by 365
(assuming
the plants are always on) = a capacity of 10^10 kW
Right now:
coal = 50% of US electricity
nuclear = 20% of US electricity
I’m ignoring natural gas, as that is about 50% less carbon intensive
than coal), but it can be estimated from this and my coal numbers below
Lets assume:
each nuclear, or coal plant comples is about 1 GW (1000 MW, or, a
million
kilowatt hours. Lets assume the plants each run all the time (actually,
they run ~ 90% of the time if nuclear, and 70 - 80% of coal, but
ignoring
that).
So, each new plant, at 1 million kilowatt hours per plant per year, tips
the
coal vs nuclear balance by:
(1 million kW plant = 10^6 kW)/(10 billion kW total US capacity = 10^10
kW)
= 10^(-4), so on a percentage basis (x 100)
this is 10^(-2), or a tenth of percent of total US electricity per
plant decision.
I hope anyone who is seriously thinking that building new nuclear energy plants might be a good idea will not rely solely on the hype of the nuclear energy industry. There are already breakthroughs in alternative energy technology, especially solar, which are far cheaper and safer and that promise to make it wholly unnecessary to take on the serious inherent risks associated with nuclear energy production.