Six women came forward with allegations dating from 2005 on, as well as a number of bystanders who observed sexual assault by Manouso Manos. But allegations against him date decades back, as KQED has previously reported: Four women contacted an investigator about their accusations from incidents in the 1980s. (Mark Fiore/KQED)
Updated April 11, 2:30 p.m. with comments from survivors and experts. Reader advisory: Some accounts of sexual abuse in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting or objectionable.
One woman said her yoga teacher, Manouso Manos, stuck his toe into her vagina through her tights while she was in a seated pose. Another woman said he stroked her genitals while she was performing a standing yoga pose. And yet another said he put his finger in her anus through her clothing while she was in a standing pose, bent over with her head toward the ground.
An investigation into Manos, a prominent international yoga teacher based in San Francisco, has found that several allegations of “inappropriate sexual touching” during classroom instruction have “proven to be true,” according to a report released April 5 by the national body overseeing the Iyengar tradition in the United States.
Manos, a disciple of and right-hand man to the founder of Iyengar, B.K.S. Iyengar, used adjustments of yoga poses as a cover to sexually abuse students and to groom them for such acts, wrote Bernadette Sargeant, an independent investigator and Washington, D.C., lawyer hired by the Iyengar Yoga National Association of the United States (IYNAUS) to conduct the probe.
Manos, through a spokesman, said last fall that he denied all allegations — past and present. “Manos emphatically denies any wrongdoing,” the spokesman said in a statement on Friday.
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Six women came forward to Sargeant with allegations dating from 2005 on, as well as a number of bystanders who observed sexual assault by Manos. But allegations against him date decades back, as KQED has previously reported: Four women contacted Sargeant with accusations from incidents in the 1980s.
As a result of the report’s findings, Manos can no longer use the Iyengar Yoga name or certification mark in the name of his studio or in connection with his teaching, the Iyengar family in India said in an April 3 email that was shared by the IYNAUS board. Manos, who holds workshops across the globe and said he has taught thousands of teachers over the decades, was previously acknowledged by B.K.S. Iyengar as one of his “elder students,” who helped to make yoga “a household subject in all of America.”
Original KQED #MeToo and Yoga investigation
More women accused Manos of sexual assault after KQED published an investigation in September 2018 in which three women accused him of groping their breasts — in 1986, 1988 and 2013 — while they were performing poses in class. He was also the subject of a 1991 expose in West, a now-defunct magazine then published by the San Jose Mercury News, over alleged sexual misconduct.
“The allegations in the report are false and the conclusions are wrong,” said the spokesman for Manos, who did not want to be named. “He has never engaged in any sexually inappropriate adjustments or conduct toward students. The report demonstrates that the ‘investigation’ was anything but fair and impartial.”
A Beloved Teacher or Sexual Predator?
An unsettling portrait of one of the world’s most famous yoga masters emerged, after years of secrecy, in the investigator’s 36-page report: For some he was a beloved teacher and a guide to enlightenment, while others alleged he was a sexual predator and a schoolyard bully.
The report includes the stories of women who accused Manos of abusing them while they were in vulnerable yoga poses in class — either on their heads, balancing or straining in a stretch. All of the accusations from 2005 on were substantiated by Sargeant (IYNAUS was investigating allegations from 1992 on, when the organization formed; B.K.S. Iyengar had weighed in on earlier allegations from the 1980s).
Some of the allegations include:
Manos penetrated a female student’s anus with his finger through her clothing.
Manos “repeatedly molested” a female student in various ways: stroking her breasts and putting his toe into her vagina through her yoga tights.
Manos touched a female student’s genitals by using his hand to stroke her from her tailbone, across her vulva and toward her pubic bone.
“I only became capable of describing it this year,” the student wrote to Sargeant about the last incident, which allegedly happened in chair pose during a 2005 or 2006 workshop. “… I am telling you now because even though it happened years ago, I find my body worthy of respect. That touch was not okay with me. I do not know of any officially recognized genitalia adjustments in yoga.”
Another four people came forward accusing Manos of sexual assault in class during the 1980s, including genital contact and groping of breasts, but Sargeant didn’t make any findings about the alleged incidents since they occurred before 1992. And four people said they witnessed sexual assault by Manos, such as fondling a female student’s buttock under the guise of a yoga adjustment, putting his hand on a female student’s crotch during a demonstration and putting his toe in a female student’s anal area.
“That was the end of me ever taking classes from him. I would not feel safe in his classes,” the witness, a woman identified as Person 100, said of the last incident, which occurred at the Ann Arbor YMCA in approximately 2015.
“All these events are unspeakably sad and tragic,” IYNAUS said Friday in an email to its membership. “Our sincere hope is that something positive also results from them: that we will assure the highest ethical standards of our (teachers) and the complete safety of Iyengar Yoga students. We hope the wounds in our community can now heal and that we can be reunited in our devotion to the brilliant teachings of BKS Iyengar.”
Matthew Remski, a yoga teacher, trainer and culture critic who has written about sexual abuse in the community, said: “The results of the investigation are completely horrible and demoralizing, and as bad as everybody who gave their testimony to it probably suspected it was.
“The story is one of serial criminality over decades that was overlooked, enabled and denied,” he added.
The statute of limitations in California for filing charges in cases of inappropriate touch, like what West said happened to her, is one year. In 2018, a new state law extended the deadline for sexual assault survivors to file civil suits — from three years to a decade.
A Student’s Allegation First Denied, Then Substantiated
IYNAUS launched the independent probe into Manos after KQED published its investigation.
Last September, IYNAUS’ ethics committee said in its review of a 2013 allegation by Ann West (who accused Manos of caressing her breasts during an advanced backbend pose at a San Diego workshop; her account was included in the KQED story) that it “did not find sufficient information to determine that a violation took place.”
However, in October, the IYNAUS board of directors launched an investigation into West’s accusations against Manos — and inviting others to come forward — saying because of his “seniority and influence” in their community, “there is an appearance that the members of this committee are biased” in his favor and “cannot decide complaints against him impartially.”
On Friday, Sargeant said West’s allegations had been substantiated, which included that Manos had stared at her breasts during a demonstration in a 2012 weekend workshop and told her while she was in a pose that she should not wear a bra to the next day’s session, as well as groping her breasts in 2013.
“Manos’ actions in connection with these incidents in the November 2013 workshop were deliberate not incidental and were not legitimate adjustments. They were done with the intent to sexually abuse and or arouse West or Manos himself without West’s consent,” Sargeant wrote.
West on Sunday said she was “jubilant” over the report’s findings but grappling with what she had been through.
“As for me, I am left trying to make sense of all that has transpired in this past year. I have been disbelieved, ostracized, vilified, trolled, isolated, gaslighted and denounced. I was told I must have ‘misperceived’ touch to my own body. I had intimate, private details of my personal life publicly shared. I have lost my privacy and anonymity. I have lost my community of peers. I feel angry and isolated, and have been left feeling deeply cynical,” said West in a Facebook post. A longtime teacher, she has removed herself to the outskirts of the Iyengar community.
“People were trying to squash my voice. Other women, other fellow students, were trying to quiet me and to shut me up and to shame me,” she told KQED on Wednesday. “But I kept going because I knew what I was saying was the truth.”
Since the report published, West, 52, said she has received emails of support, including from a former supporter of Manos. She called for others to join her in building a “wish list of reparations” that the Iyengar leaders can make so “we can move forward together as a community in healing,” she wrote later on Facebook.
“As a victim … I’ve definitely found my voice and I’m not going away until I see that they’re starting to make some of these changes,” she said.
After IYNAUS opened the investigation to other allegations against Manos — covering the time period from Jan. 1, 1992, to the present — the board said it received more than 150 reports from the Iyengar community between Sept. 12 (five days after the KQED investigation published) and Oct. 30. Many were supportive of Manos, while “many others made credible allegations that he has abused his position by making sexually inappropriate adjustments,” it said in a Nov. 27, 2018, letter to the Iyengar family.
“Based on these and other reports, we believed that there were many other individuals who would come forward if given an opportunity to do so safely and that some would allow their identities to be revealed. Finally, we also learned that rumors of such sexual misconduct by Manouso have been circulating in our community for many years,” the board wrote in the letter.
Investigation Establishes a Pattern of ‘Sexual Grooming’
When Melissa Hitt was thinking of taking a class with Manos as she was working toward a 500-hour-level certificate of teacher training, her teacher warned her to be careful because of what she called his history of inappropriate sexual behavior. Hitt told Sargeant she did not share what her teacher had told her with other students, treating it “as a shameful secret of our beloved community.”
More Coverage of #MeToo and Yoga
Hitt, 35, of Long Beach, attended between six and 12 classes taught by Manos at his San Francisco studio, The Abode of Iyengar Yoga. She told Sargeant he “is a brilliant man” and that some of his instruction informed her own teaching powerfully in a positive way. (Hitt’s name was redacted in the report but she’d spoken with KQED about her story and agreed to have her name shared).
But Hitt never felt comfortable in his classes, partly due to his “very dominating personality” but also because of his adjustments, which included “lingering touches on her torso in a way she had not experienced with other teachers.” Then, during a class in either 2011 or 2012, Manos slapped her butt while she was in the balancing pose known as half moon, standing on one foot and using one hand for support on the ground, according to the report.
“My finding is that, even if those actions do not rise to the level of touching intended to sexually abuse or arouse based on a clear and convincing standard, they were not legitimate adjustments and were part of the sexual grooming that this investigation has established is a pattern for Manos,” Sargeant wrote.
It was a similar experience for a woman identified as Person 76, who said “the entire time she and others have been in workshops with Manos there has always been a lot of discussion about this sort of thing concerning him,” the report said.
Person 76 told Sargeant that Manos assaulted her during a class in the early 2000s while she was in a standing pose (Prasarita Padottanasana), where the practitioner has their legs open wide and their torso folded over, with their hands and possibly head touching the ground.
“She said during her interview that he ‘put his finger right into me,’ penetrating her anus,” Sargeant wrote. “He did not say anything before he put his finger inside her.”
“She said that she ‘stared him down and then finally’ he said sorry” — twice, Sargeant wrote.
Person 76, who considered Manos her primary teacher since 1992 and has been a certified Iyengar yoga teacher since 1999, wrote to Sargeant that she felt “shocked and infuriated” by the incident and had “never spoken about it until now.” She said she debated about whether to write in because she was certain many letters like hers would be submitted to the IYNAUS investigation.
Others, like West, were unaware of these rumors until after an alleged incident occurred.
Several people spoke to Sargeant in support of Manos, who declined to be interviewed by her. His lawyers alleged that the investigation was unfair, claiming Sargeant had made up her mind against him and didn’t understand the practice of Iyengar yoga, and that IYNAUS was using the “lowest standard of proof,” persuaded by the evidence and not beyond a reasonable doubt.
“The investigator was predisposed to reach a conclusion of wrongdoing and then set out to prove it. It is telling that there is not a single incident corroborated by an eyewitness to any of the six complaints, despite the fact that the alleged conduct occurred in a class of 30-50 students all in close proximity,” Manos’ spokesman said on Friday.
IYNAUS has said that Sargeant, while not a Iyengar yoga practitioner, had interviewed or been provided the views of many expert witnesses in the community, had conducted dozens of sex abuse investigations, and had worked to ensure Manos was treated fairly in the process.
'No Longer a Safe Space: Sexual Abuse in Yoga
In her report, Sargeant said she built a system where, once allegations were substantiated, she could use them to corroborate other accusations. She also noted that though her standard was “clear and convincing evidence,” for each allegation she substantiated, she “would have made the same finding had the standard been beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Corroborating sexual abuse allegations in yoga can be tough because other students are often in the same positions as the victim, like a backbend or forward fold with the head down, which might block their ability to see what is happening, experts say.
“Someone might be surprised and wonder how this can happen in a packed workshop. An experienced teacher might easily see the times in class when others are not looking as you might be able to observe in my example,” said an unidentified woman in the report, who accused Manos of stroking her genitals at a 2005 or 2006 workshop during chair pose, when a practitioner’s head can be titled down and their arms held up straight alongside their face. “Also the hierarchical power structure of learning environments in Iyengar yoga can contribute to what people allow their selves to see.”
‘Not an Accidental Touch’
The yoga industry has experienced dramatic growth in the U.S.: Over 36 million people practiced nationwide in 2016, skyrocketing from 16.5 million in 2004, according to a Yoga in America Study. Yoga was a $16 billion industry in 2016, shooting up from $10 billion in 2012.
The KQED investigation found that the yoga community was struggling to rein in sexual misconduct and abuse in its ranks. Some experts believe the lack of oversight of teachers and schools — yoga instructors aren’t licensed in the U.S.; no state agency, such as a medical board, oversees, disciplines or investigates them — is adding to the problems of an industry experiencing explosive growth, where touch and trust are a fundamental part of the practice.
Students look to teachers to guide them on their yoga path, and teachers will help them do so by adjusting their poses so they can learn the correct form. Some instructors say words can go only so far in teaching, and students learn best by feeling the adjustment that gets them into the correct pose.
Sargeant said Manos used the implicit consent given for a teacher to touch students to stroke women’s genitals and breasts. Those students who reported he groped them said it was done under the guise of a pose adjustment. “He’s acting as if he’s teaching,” said an unidentified woman who told Sargeant that he touched her genitals while she was in a seated pose.
A woman identified only as Person 12, a longtime student of Manos and of Iyengar yoga, said Manos stroked her breasts multiple times as he sat behind her in the seated pose of Janu Sirsasana.
“She said that when Manos crosses the line, he often has some supposed justification for what he has done,” Sargeant wrote. “There is an adjustment involving turning the student’s abdomen or ribs but each time Manos was supposedly adjusting her he would run his hand over her breasts. Person 12 said that it was clearly not an accidental touch.”
Person 12 also said that in another seated pose (Maha Mudra), Manos put his foot between her bottom and the floor from behind and then put his toe into her vagina through her yoga tights. Sargeant said the woman told her: “‘I remember the shock of feeling his toe’ inside her vaginal opening.”
Another student, a man identified as Person 25, said Manos pulled on his testicles when he asked for clarification on a standing pose during a Aug. 15-17, 2014, workshop.
“Manos had Person 25 get into the pose in front of the other students ‘then reached between [Person 25’s] legs from behind and up into the crotch of [his loose] yoga shorts and gently pulled down on [his] testicles,’” Sargeant wrote.
He recalled Manos indicating he should not misunderstand his touch but “wasn’t clear about what he was going to do.” Person 25 thought that Manos was going to touch his sacrum or his tailbone, and said he was floored that Manos touched his testicles, noting that in all of the decades that he has studied yoga he had never had anything “remotely like that” done as a demonstration or adjustment on him, Sargeant wrote.
Person 25 said he didn’t consider himself to be making an allegation of sex abuse against Manos, Sargeant said. She noted the act didn’t sufficiently support an inference of sexual intent and deferred to IYNAUS regarding whether Manos’ demonstration on this man was appropriate under its guidelines — which it is not.
Until recently, just being in a yoga studio — especially an Iyengar one — meant practitioners had given consent to be touched, said Donna Farhi, a New Zealand-based yoga instructor who has authored five books, including one on ethics for teachers.
That lack of clarity around consent with touch “has led to a real blurring of boundaries,” she added. Reading the report, “in one second Manouso appears to be giving a legitimate adjustment and the next second he’s sexually molesting students. And you can see how easily that sleight of hand could create a real confusion in the mind of the student who one moment ago was being given something that appeared to be completely legitimate and in the next moment she’s having her breast groped.”
“People from outside the community might look at these women and criticize them for not immediately responding,” Farhi said Tuesday. “But in the context of normalized, nonconsensual touch ‘adjustments,’ it’s a perfect environment for that to occur.”
If Manos Does Not Stop Sexual Misconduct, ‘He Is Closed for Me Forever’: B.K.S. Iyengar
Sexual misconduct allegations first surfaced against Manos in the 1980s and took two forms: sexual relationships with female students outside class, and inappropriate touching of students in class, according to IYNAUS president David Carpenter.
These allegations were made before the formation of IYNAUS, Carpenter said, noting a committee was created to investigate them: “Manos admitted to sexual relationships with his students, but denied the allegations of inappropriate and non-consensual touching in his classes and workshops.”
In 1990, B.K.S. Iyengar decided not to remove Manos from the system, IYNAUS said.
“No doubt Manouso went wrong … He promised me he would change and I have given him a chance,” B.K.S. Iyengar wrote in April 1990. “… If I hear again that he did not improve, he is closed for me forever.”
A senior Iyengar leader in California, Bonnie Anthony, wrote in a May 7, 1990, letter, that she was “willing to give him this one more chance.”
“Manouso has a problem, much like alcoholism. He has openly admitted it to Mr. Iyengar and to others and is in therapy, along with his wife, Rita,” Anthony wrote. (Rita Lewis-Manos teaches with Manos today at their San Francisco studio.)
West said the IYNAUS president and members, and the Iyengar family, “need to wake up …. stand up and take responsibility. They have acted as Manos’ enablers for decades.”
“Without them Manos would not have been able to continue on as he did over many years, victimizing and sexually assaulting numerous women. I don’t doubt that the women who were brave enough to step forward are just the tip of the iceberg from his reign of abuse,” she wrote on Facebook.
‘If You Are Against Manos, Others Might Decline to Recommend You’
Most victims don’t report, or hold off doing so, for a variety of reasons. But they “all fall under the large umbrella of: They don’t trust the rest of us to respond appropriately,” said Kristen Houser, a spokeswoman at the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.
Those reasons, she said, include fear of being disbelieved, blamed or having their privacy violated through gossip. Some people fear repercussions in their home life or their social circles, which often include the assailant.
“People often keep it to themselves, not to mention it’s a very confusing thing when somebody that you know and trust violates that trust,” Houser told KQED for the original investigation.
That was the case for Cassie Jackson, 41, who said Manos put his foot on her genitals while she was in a pose lying on the ground with one foot extended out. He had been her teacher since 2012, and she had also worked at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga until March 2018.
“For years she had been trying to rationalize the incident in October 2015 when Manos put his foot on her genitals,” Sargeant wrote. But articles on the alleged abuse “made her accept that what had happened could not be rationalized away; she accepted the fact that Manos had sexually assaulted her.”
Going against a famous and powerful teacher can be tough, with students fearing retaliation, people not believing them and losing their community, experts say.
Person 12 said Manos sexually assaulted her several times, including when he performed a simulated sex act on her while she was in the standing pose of Prasarita Padottanasana.
“ … he came up behind her, stood with his legs apart, put a mat between them and pressed his pelvis, thighs and genitals up against her hips several times. He then removed the mat so there was nothing but clothing between her crotch and his genitals and thighs. After he removed the mat, he pulled her pelvis back against him and moved it back and forth repeatedly pressing himself against her as if in a simulated sex act,” Sargeant wrote.
When she later confided in a more senior student in the Iyengar community about what Manos had done, “the person told her not to complain; that if she complained, Manos would never adjust her again,” Sargeant wrote, noting Person 12 said that at that time she did not know anything about Manos’ history of sexually inappropriate behavior with students.
Person 12 described Manos as a gifted teacher and said “he in some ways changed [her] life for the better.” She also said he can often be “kind and generous,” as well as a charismatic teacher whose classes are fun and challenging, according to the investigator’s report.
“These attributes along with his seniority, popularity and strong personality enable him to take liberties with some students,” she told Sargeant. “Only a subset of Manos’ students have to deal with his sexual misconduct and the fact that he lies about it.”
A male teacher echoed what makes it hard for students to come forward. He said that at a workshop in 2017, he saw Manos put a woman’s leg between his legs — “under his genitals” — while she was doing a modified pose because she had a knee injury.
He “said that as a male teacher ‘this is not the way’ and noted that B.K.S. Iyengar would never have done anything of that sort,” Sargeant wrote. He “said that it is difficult to go to a teacher whose teaching does not align with morality but their system is such that you are dependent on the recommendations of others. If they know you are against Manos, others might decline to recommend you.”
When asked for the original KQED investigation what was holding people back from reporting abuse in yoga, Rachel Brathen, also known as Yoga Girl, said: “I think the biggest piece is fear of being alienated from this community that means so much to us.” That community built through yoga, she said, is “sacred” and such an “important part of the practice.”
Some of the students interviewed by Sargeant shared those feelings — or knew people who did.
Person 12 had initially told Sargeant she knew of other people who had sexual abuse allegations against Manos to share but later told her most people had decided not to participate in the investigation for at least one of these reasons: “They are too afraid or too traumatized; they still want to or have to have contact with Manos; or they have removed themselves and do not want anything to do with the community anymore,” Sargeant wrote.
But others like Hitt, today a management consultant for health care companies, decided they had to come forward. In sharing a January 2018 email with Sargeant that she wrote to a former teacher about her experience with Manos, Hitt wrote: “I never ended up sending (to IYNAUS) for all of the obvious reasons” — until after the KQED story published. “However, now I see that we all must speak up about this painful topic.”
‘All I Asked Is That They Stop the Investigation,’ and Then a Resignation
Manos previously said he had offered to resign from IYNAUS if it would stop its investigation. IYNAUS rejected Manos’ resignation.
“All I asked is that they stop the investigation,” Manos wrote in a letter on Nov. 13, 2018, to Iyengar’s children, Geeta and Prashant Iyengar, according to correspondence shared by his lawyers. “They have refused my offer and did not tell me why they refused it. They have given me no indication of any further complaints anonymous or otherwise.”
On March 7, outside The Abode of Iyengar Studio in San Francisco’s Glen Park neighborhood, Manos, 67, briefly spoke with KQED. When asked if he had confidence in the independent inquiry led by Sargeant, he mouthed the word: “No.” Then he added, “I was cleared by a unanimous committee of females and I don’t know what anybody else wants,” in a reference to the initial ethics committee investigation.
As KQED began to ask Manos about new allegations of sexual misconduct that it had received, he got into his gray Tesla and closed the door.
Manos resigned from IYNAUS the next day, Friday, March 8. His resignation was posted to The Abode of Iyengar website, saying he was quitting IYNAUS, where he had been a member of its senior advisory council until it was abolished in October 2018.
“I am leaving though I only adjust students who give their consent. I am leaving though I do not touch inappropriately. I am leaving because I cannot prove my innocence,” said Manos, who began his studies with B.K.S. Iyengar in 1976 and holds one of two advanced senior certificates granted worldwide by the founder, who died in 2014.
On Friday, his spokesman said, “Manos voluntarily resigned from IYNAUS not because of any wrongdoing, but to try to prevent the fracturing of the organization. It is his sincere hope that despite the Board’s actions toward against him, IYNAUS can continue to thrive in the future.”
IYNAUS said on Friday that Manos will not be permitted to apply for membership with the organization in the future.
‘Conditions that Fostered, Supported and Perpetuated This Abuse Remain’
Farhi said she has professionally been involved with the Manos case since the late 1980s and early 1990s when — as a member of the board that ran Yoga Journal magazine — they received several credible allegations from women who did not know each other relating “strikingly similar reports of having their breasts fondled while in deep relaxation, or fingers inserted into vaginal and anal orifices.”
“What is implicit from this (IYNAUS) report is the systemic complicity within an entire yoga community and organization that up until now has seen the abuse suffered by these women as unfortunate, but permissible collateral damage,” she said in a statement.
Though Manos will no longer be a member of IYNAUS, he can continue to teach yoga — no certification or license is required for instructors in the U.S. The most that yoga organizations, like the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute (RIMYI) in Pune, India — the mother institute of Iyengar Yoga worldwide — can do in such cases is revoke their certificates.
“But as it stands, Manos can continue teaching in San Francisco under the newly abridged banner of his school ‘The Abode of Yoga’ (formerly The Abode of Iyengar Yoga). He can continue to teach through independent hosts and in countries where he can rely on the naivety of foreign students eager to receive some of his supposed brilliance,” Farhi wrote. “Which calls into question whether we can, as we’ve been saying for years, uphold and police the standards of our own profession or whether it is long since past due for government licensing.”
Remski said it was: While IYNAUS’ investigation marked a “significant moment” in the yoga world and provided a model for other organizations to aspire to, “it’s also shown how some broader-based regulatory oversight is probably going to be a necessity because — even with the good intent and the resources that IYNAUS had — it really struggled to come to the conclusion it’s come to.”
“They did the best they could and it’s just not good enough,” he said. “How then does the IYNAUS decision or the Iyengar family’s decision, how does it actually protect anybody else?”
He noted, too, that, “had there been a license for teaching yoga in the state of California in 1990 Manouso Manos would have lost it, and he would have lost it in a way that probably would have marked him or prevented him from gaining a license in another state.”
A precedent has been set with the IYNAUS investigation that “these behaviors can result in a serious consequence,” said Farhi. “But the truth is, this is a hollow victory. The soil, the climate and the conditions that fostered, supported and perpetuated this abuse remain. The question now is how we collectively turn the corner and create a wholesome yoga culture in which all may feel safe and respected.”
Farhi noted that after B.K.S. Iyengar gave Manos a second chance in 1990 following the first wave of allegations, Manos “continued his meteoric rise to fame as the senior most representative of the method.”
“Yoga culture needs to take a good, hard look at itself,” she said Tuesday.
Of the report’s findings, survivor Cassie Jackson said her reaction was twofold: She found it “monumental” and a “sign of solidarity” but also overdue.
“They’re doing what they should have been doing 30 years ago,” said Jackson, whose name was redacted in the report but she’d spoken with KQED about her story and agreed to have her name shared.
“And what is to come of the last 30 years of women … who as Donna (Farhi) said have been collateral damage? But this is a step, this is a step in the right direction,” she added.
As for herself, she is grappling with leaving a world behind, one she once considered home — The Abode of Iyengar Yoga — and having her story publicly shared.
Charlotte Bell, who told KQED last fall that Manos groped her breasts while she was in a pose during a workshop in February 1988 at the Iyengar Yoga Institute of San Francisco, said she felt vindicated by the report’s findings but the substantiation “of so many students’ claims of inappropriate touch by Manouso Manos is bittersweet.”
“My hope is that the rest of the yoga world will take notice. Manos is not an isolated case. He’s a symptom of a larger pattern. Yoga is unregulated,” Bell said in an email. “Anyone can teach, no matter their actual qualifications. And known abusers are allowed to continue to teach even after their errant behavior has been discovered.”
In the wake of the KQED investigation, IYNAUS has overhauled its policies and procedures regarding sexual misconduct. It will now publicly say if a teacher has been suspended due to ethical violations, and will require all teachers and some others to take courses designed to prevent sexual misconduct.
IYNAUS also suspended another teacher named in the KQED investigation, Allan Nett, from teaching for three years. Eka Ekong said he put his hands near her genitals in a lunge pose (Warrior 2) and then abruptly pushed out — causing injuries to both of her legs. The ethics committee said in its findings that “there was sufficient information to support the allegations” of Ekong.
Nett had previously been reprimanded and punished by B.K.S. Iyengar and IYNAUS in 2012-2013 “following a determination that he had violated ethical guidelines by teaching abroad in a manner that did not reflect safety or correct Iyengar method. The proof of those allegations was in the pictorial representation of putting pregnant women in unsafe positions as well as inappropriate adjustment by having a male student sit on his crotch in (the pose of) chatoosh padasana,” the ethics committee said.
One of his requirements then: attend class at the Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco with Rita Lewis-Manos and/or Manouso Manos. His “focus was to learn appropriate adjusting techniques,” the ethics committee said.
Nett declined to comment when KQED asked for his response to the IYNAUS findings and its decision to suspend him.
Got a news tip or comment? Email the reporter: mleitsinger@kqed.org. You can also reach her on the encrypted communications app, Signal: 650-888-2765.
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Before editing and producing for podcasts like Bay Curious, she was a health care journalist for public radio and print outlets such as CalMatters and Kaiser Health News. Her reporting has won several regional Edward R. Murrow awards, national recognition from the Society of Professional Journalists and a first-place prize from the Association of Health Care Journalists.\r\n\r\nPauline’s work has aired frequently on National Public Radio, and bylines have appeared in The Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, Washingtonpost.com, USA Today and Scientific American.\r\n\r\nPauline has lived in Northern California for 20 years. Her other passions are crafts (now done in collaboration with her daughter) and the Brazilian martial art of capoeira.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"pbartolone","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"podcasts","roles":["subscriber"]}],"headData":{"title":"Pauline Bartolone | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/95001c30374b0d3878007af9cf1e120a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/pbartolone"},"mbolanos":{"type":"authors","id":"11895","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11895","found":true},"name":"Madi Bolaños","firstName":"Madi","lastName":"Bolaños","slug":"mbolanos","email":"mbolanos@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6df5601c1f2d951e46a3fb42764330f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["author"]}],"headData":{"title":"Madi Bolaños | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6df5601c1f2d951e46a3fb42764330f?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6df5601c1f2d951e46a3fb42764330f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mbolanos"},"mleitsinger":{"type":"authors","id":"11310","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11310","found":true},"name":"Miranda Leitsinger","firstName":"Miranda","lastName":"Leitsinger","slug":"mleitsinger","email":"mleitsinger@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Miranda Leitsinger has worked in journalism as a reporter and editor since 2000, including seven years at The Associated Press in locales such as Cambodia and Puerto Rico, four years at NBC News Digital in New York and 2.5 years at CNN.com International in Hong Kong. Major stories she has covered included sexual abuse in the yoga community, the rise of women in local politics post-2016 election, the struggle over LGBTQ inclusion in the Boy Scouts, aftermath of the 2004 and 2011 tsunamis, the Aurora movie theater attack, the Newtown school shooting, Superstorm Sandy and the Boston Marathon bombing.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdd00de7be92aab3b7fd3d915e02033d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"mimileitsinger","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Miranda Leitsinger | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdd00de7be92aab3b7fd3d915e02033d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdd00de7be92aab3b7fd3d915e02033d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mleitsinger"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"news_11984016":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11984016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11984016","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"judge-rules-california-split-lot-housing-law-unconstitutional","title":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is 'Unconstitutional,' Judge Rules","publishDate":1714079477,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is ‘Unconstitutional,’ Judge Rules | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11860308/why-just-allowing-fourplexes-wont-solve-californias-housing-affordability-crisis\">controversial 2021 law\u003c/a> that allows property owners in California to split their lots and build up to two new homes is unconstitutional, a Los Angeles Superior Court judge ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling striking down \u003ca href=\"https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb9\">Senate Bill 9\u003c/a> only applies to the five Southern California charter cities that were parties to the case: Redondo Beach, Whittier, Carson, Del Mar and Torrance. However, if the case is appealed, the appellate court’s ruling will apply to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cacities.org/UploadedFiles/LeagueInternet/6b/6bbb4ee3-88f9-4d8f-93ad-0075a7b486c4.pdf\">charter cities\u003c/a> statewide, including San Francisco, Oakland and San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, issued on Monday, is a blow to key state leaders, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/09/16/governor-newsom-signs-historic-legislation-to-boost-californias-housing-supply-and-fight-the-housing-crisis/\">hailed the law\u003c/a> as a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840548/the-racist-history-of-single-family-home-zoning\">open single-family neighborhoods\u003c/a> to desperately needed housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s an endorsement of an opposing idea: that suburban neighborhoods should be reserved for single-family homes, said Chris Elmendorf, a law professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an indication of unease or discomfort with housing laws that are trying to transform single-family-home neighborhoods,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for state Attorney General Rob Bonta, the named defendant in the case, said his office is reviewing the case and would “consider all options in defense of SB 9.” The office of Gov. Gavin Newsom, a supporter of the law, did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pam Lee, an attorney with Aleshire & Wynder, who represented the plaintiffs in the case, said the ruling came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that the stakes were high, but we also knew that it was an uphill battle,” Lee said. “So many of the [housing] laws that have been challenged — in particular, cases against charter cities — have just not been met with a favorable fate.”[aside label=\"more housing coverage\" tag=\"affordable-housing\"]Charter cities have special privileges under the state Constitution, Lee said, including the right to enact their own laws. When the state Legislature wants its laws to apply to those charter cities, Lee said lawmakers have to demonstrate the law addresses a statewide concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Judge Curtis Kin said the Legislature didn’t do that in this case. Specifically, SB 9 says its purpose is to “ensure access to affordable housing.” Lee and her colleagues argued that “affordable housing” means something very specific: below-market-rate, deed-restricted housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the law doesn’t specifically require property owners to develop that kind of housing, the law is unconstitutional, Kin ruled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf called that interpretation “kind of silly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two homes on each new one, the law promotes the construction of homes that are smaller and therefore relatively more affordable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature is not a house full of idiots,” Elmendorf said, adding the law itself clearly states the Legislature’s intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, state Sen. Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), who authored SB 9, called the judge’s ruling “sadly misguided” and vowed to “remedy any loopholes biased city governments might utilize” to block new housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The assertion by NIMBY city governments that SB 9 is only about subsidized housing is a stretch at best,” said Atkins, who recently stepped down as Senate President Pro Tempore. “The goal of SB 9 has always been to increase equity and accessibility in our neighborhoods while growing our housing supply and production across the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it went into effect in 2022, however, the law has produced little in the way of new lots or housing. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980785/these-california-companies-want-to-buy-your-backyard-and-build-a-house\">KQED survey\u003c/a> of 16 cities of varying sizes found that between 2022 and 2023, the cities collectively approved 75 lot-split applications and 112 applications for new units under the law. That’s compared to more than 8,800 accessory dwelling units, or in-law apartments, the cities permitted during the same time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers have generally supported the bill but have criticized anti-speculation provisions in the law that require a property owner requesting a lot split to agree to live in the house for at least three years. They have also argued that fees and other barriers cities have imposed have prevented the law from working as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkins authored a second bill, SB 450, to address some of those issues, but it is currently on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf said the Legislature’s unwillingness to address those issues demonstrates a certain unease with the law’s intent to open single-family neighborhoods to more housing — even among lawmakers who voted to approve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That unease is reflected in SB 9 itself,” he said. “SB 9 is written with loopholes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state could easily fix those loopholes, Elmendorf said, just as it can easily remedy the error Kin identified in his ruling. How swiftly it does so will demonstrate how serious lawmakers are about dismantling barriers to housing in single-family neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s worth watching the legislative response to this case,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing so will better answer the question underlying SB 9, Elmendorf added. “Do we really want these traditional single-family home neighborhoods to be transformed into something that’s a little bit different?”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A Los Angeles Superior Court judge this week struck down SB 9, a 2021 California law allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two new homes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714083996,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":896},"headData":{"title":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is 'Unconstitutional,' Judge Rules | KQED","description":"A Los Angeles Superior Court judge this week struck down SB 9, a 2021 California law allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two new homes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"California Law Letting Property Owners Split Lots to Build New Homes Is 'Unconstitutional,' Judge Rules","datePublished":"2024-04-25T21:11:17.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T22:26:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11984016/judge-rules-california-split-lot-housing-law-unconstitutional","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11860308/why-just-allowing-fourplexes-wont-solve-californias-housing-affordability-crisis\">controversial 2021 law\u003c/a> that allows property owners in California to split their lots and build up to two new homes is unconstitutional, a Los Angeles Superior Court judge ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling striking down \u003ca href=\"https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb9\">Senate Bill 9\u003c/a> only applies to the five Southern California charter cities that were parties to the case: Redondo Beach, Whittier, Carson, Del Mar and Torrance. However, if the case is appealed, the appellate court’s ruling will apply to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cacities.org/UploadedFiles/LeagueInternet/6b/6bbb4ee3-88f9-4d8f-93ad-0075a7b486c4.pdf\">charter cities\u003c/a> statewide, including San Francisco, Oakland and San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, issued on Monday, is a blow to key state leaders, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/09/16/governor-newsom-signs-historic-legislation-to-boost-californias-housing-supply-and-fight-the-housing-crisis/\">hailed the law\u003c/a> as a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840548/the-racist-history-of-single-family-home-zoning\">open single-family neighborhoods\u003c/a> to desperately needed housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s an endorsement of an opposing idea: that suburban neighborhoods should be reserved for single-family homes, said Chris Elmendorf, a law professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an indication of unease or discomfort with housing laws that are trying to transform single-family-home neighborhoods,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for state Attorney General Rob Bonta, the named defendant in the case, said his office is reviewing the case and would “consider all options in defense of SB 9.” The office of Gov. Gavin Newsom, a supporter of the law, did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pam Lee, an attorney with Aleshire & Wynder, who represented the plaintiffs in the case, said the ruling came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that the stakes were high, but we also knew that it was an uphill battle,” Lee said. “So many of the [housing] laws that have been challenged — in particular, cases against charter cities — have just not been met with a favorable fate.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more housing coverage ","tag":"affordable-housing"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Charter cities have special privileges under the state Constitution, Lee said, including the right to enact their own laws. When the state Legislature wants its laws to apply to those charter cities, Lee said lawmakers have to demonstrate the law addresses a statewide concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his decision, Judge Curtis Kin said the Legislature didn’t do that in this case. Specifically, SB 9 says its purpose is to “ensure access to affordable housing.” Lee and her colleagues argued that “affordable housing” means something very specific: below-market-rate, deed-restricted housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the law doesn’t specifically require property owners to develop that kind of housing, the law is unconstitutional, Kin ruled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf called that interpretation “kind of silly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By allowing property owners to split their lots and build up to two homes on each new one, the law promotes the construction of homes that are smaller and therefore relatively more affordable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Legislature is not a house full of idiots,” Elmendorf said, adding the law itself clearly states the Legislature’s intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, state Sen. Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), who authored SB 9, called the judge’s ruling “sadly misguided” and vowed to “remedy any loopholes biased city governments might utilize” to block new housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The assertion by NIMBY city governments that SB 9 is only about subsidized housing is a stretch at best,” said Atkins, who recently stepped down as Senate President Pro Tempore. “The goal of SB 9 has always been to increase equity and accessibility in our neighborhoods while growing our housing supply and production across the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it went into effect in 2022, however, the law has produced little in the way of new lots or housing. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980785/these-california-companies-want-to-buy-your-backyard-and-build-a-house\">KQED survey\u003c/a> of 16 cities of varying sizes found that between 2022 and 2023, the cities collectively approved 75 lot-split applications and 112 applications for new units under the law. That’s compared to more than 8,800 accessory dwelling units, or in-law apartments, the cities permitted during the same time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers have generally supported the bill but have criticized anti-speculation provisions in the law that require a property owner requesting a lot split to agree to live in the house for at least three years. They have also argued that fees and other barriers cities have imposed have prevented the law from working as intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkins authored a second bill, SB 450, to address some of those issues, but it is currently on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmendorf said the Legislature’s unwillingness to address those issues demonstrates a certain unease with the law’s intent to open single-family neighborhoods to more housing — even among lawmakers who voted to approve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That unease is reflected in SB 9 itself,” he said. “SB 9 is written with loopholes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state could easily fix those loopholes, Elmendorf said, just as it can easily remedy the error Kin identified in his ruling. How swiftly it does so will demonstrate how serious lawmakers are about dismantling barriers to housing in single-family neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s worth watching the legislative response to this case,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing so will better answer the question underlying SB 9, Elmendorf added. “Do we really want these traditional single-family home neighborhoods to be transformed into something that’s a little bit different?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11984016/judge-rules-california-split-lot-housing-law-unconstitutional","authors":["11652"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_3921","news_24805","news_1775","news_22804"],"featImg":"news_11984069","label":"news"},"news_11983858":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983858","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983858","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"alameda-the-island-that-almost-wasnt","title":"Alameda: The Island That Almost Wasn’t","publishDate":1714039234,"format":"image","headTitle":"Alameda: The Island That Almost Wasn’t | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Alameda has all the sure signs of an island. To get there, you have to use a bridge, a tunnel or a boat. Locals talk about going “on and off island.” And residents, like Nate Puckett, wear Alameda-themed T-shirts that say “Islander.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t leave the island for, like, weeks,” says Puckett, who lives, works and raises two kids in the Bay Area city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently, Puckett’s sense of place was thrown off-kilter. He was enjoying an ice cream at a favorite local spot — Tucker’s — when he looked up at a historical map on the wall. It showed Alameda connected to the mainland. That must be wrong, he thought; Alameda is an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the map was not wrong — it was just old. In fact, Alameda is not a natural island. And it almost never became an island at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It kind of felt like we’ve been living a lie,” Puckett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Puckett asked Bay Curious to find out more about Alameda’s island origin story. The project took nearly 30 years to complete and had enough twists and turns to make anyone dizzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When it all began\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 999px\">\u003ca href=\"https://oaklandlibrary.org/ohc/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11983868 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked.jpg\" alt=\"An old map shows what is now Alameda Island as connected to the mainland.\" width=\"999\" height=\"752\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked.jpg 999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of Alameda from 1877 shows it as a connected peninsula, not an island. \u003ccite>(Oakland Public Library, Oakland History Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1870s, Alameda was a big peninsula that jutted out from what is now Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood like an outstretched arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, things were pretty quiet in that part of the East Bay (it wasn’t Oakland until later). The marshy region was not very populated; the landscape was mostly wide open fields and the estates of a few wealthy families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oakland’s inner harbor was nearby, and it was quickly becoming a bustling center for maritime commerce. Once the Gold Rush started, more and more ships arrived, bringing in all sorts of goods. And Oakland itself was growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But navigation to the budding port was tricky. Boats had to traverse a wild waterway that hadn’t seen much development yet. Sediment on the harbor’s bottom would shift with the tides, causing sandbars to move in unpredictable patterns that caused problems for navigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The sandbars] were there on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, [and then] they’d be over here on Tuesday and Thursday,” Alameda historian Dennis Evanosky says. “It impeded the shipping traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983870\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983870\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett.jpg\" alt=\"Older man in blue sweater stands next to a younger one in brown.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1276\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-1536x1021.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dennis Evanosky (left) with Nate Puckett next to the Alameda canal. The Park Street bridge looms in the background. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland was never going to become the shipping destination it wanted to be if the waterways remained so unpredictable and the port so difficult to reach. And Oakland had big development ambitions, says Richard Walker, a \u003ca href=\"https://geography.berkeley.edu/professor-emeritus-richard-walker\">professor emeritus in geography at UC Berkeley\u003c/a> and author of several books about California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sense of competition with San Francisco [was] intense,” Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800s, Oakland was coming into its own politically and economically, developing its own banks, businesses and shipping companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That grows and grows so that Oakland, by the early 20th century, is really thumbing its nose at San Francisco,” Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to local lobbying, Congressmen worked to bring in millions of federal dollars to pay the Army Corps of Engineers to improve the harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since shifting sandbars on the bottom was the biggest problem, \u003ca href=\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/ca/ca2600/ca2606/data/ca2606data.pdf\">the initial plan\u003c/a> was to cut through the marshy area of the Alameda peninsula, where it was connected to the mainland, to create a canal. Engineers thought if they built a dam at one end, they could release powerful torrents of water through the canal to flush out built-up sediment in the harbor. That would clear the way for bigger ships to come and go more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project got the green light in the early 1870s, but over the next three decades, it hit roadblock after roadblock.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Resistance to the project\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">Eleven families owned land where the government wanted to dredge the canal\u003c/a>. Oakland officials offered families $40,000 at the time, more than $1.2 million today. But one person refused — \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenbrayhouse.org/about-6\">A.A. Cohen, a railroad industry baron and attorney\u003c/a> who owned an estate with a 70-room mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were screwing with his kingdom,” says Patty Donald, Cohen’s great-great-granddaughter and manager of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenbrayhouse.org/history\"> Cohen Bray house\u003c/a>, a historic Victorian building in Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood. The Cohen family challenged the canal project more than once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was one of the most powerful people in Alameda at that time because he had bought a failing rail system,” Donald says. “He built it up in two years and created another one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the canal project progressed despite Cohen’s legal challenge, and by 1889 the excavation was underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>The setbacks pile up\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Quickly, the canal project suffered another setback — flooding. The winter of 1889 was one of the wettest on record. More than 45 inches of rain fell that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Disaster struck on a stormy night in January when Sausal Creek overflowed its banks at Fruitvale Avenue and flooded the ditch and equipment,” \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">wrote historian Woody Minor in the Alameda Museum newslette\u003c/a>r. “It took two months to pump out the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, the project’s proponents had to deal with public opinion and perhaps the very first complaints from Alamedans about commuting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People complain, ‘Well if you’re gonna have this canal here, how are we going to get home?’” Evanosky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dredged canal cut across one of the main thoroughfares, leading to the Alameda peninsula, disrupting traffic \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">for two years\u003c/a>. The Park Street bridge opened in 1891, and Alameda’s two other bridges, at High Street and Fruitvale Avenue, were built the following decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If legal battles, payouts and flooding weren’t enough, there was an economic depression in the 1890s. Funding for the canal project dried up. And then, the project’s long-time champion at the Army Corp of Engineers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.spn.usace.army.mil/Portals/68/docs/History/Engineers%20at%20the%20Golden%20Gate.pdf?ver=2019-10-24-161149-027\">Major George Mendell\u003c/a>, retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the nail in the coffin for the dam/canal combo plan came from \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">new research suggesting that dredging deeper in Oakland’s harbor would be more effective for boat passage\u003c/a> than this idea of flushing sediment away using a dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While government officials debated the next steps, a partially dug, unfinished giant trench was left.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>‘Fetid water awash with dead fish’\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At this point, 20 years after the project began, raw sewage in the area’s waterways had become a real problem. In the late 1800s, people in Oakland and Alameda started installing residential sewer systems, and the waste flowed right into Lake Merritt and the Oakland Harbor. The unfinished canal became a cesspool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fetid water awash with dead fish lapped against the dam and seeped into the ditch, emitting a pervasive stench,” \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">wrote Minor in his history of the island\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda’s health officer at the time, Dr. John T. McClean, became the biggest crusader for completing the canal. In a letter to Washington, published by the Oakland Enquirer in 1897, McLean argued that the stench from the incomplete trench had not only become offensive, but the foul water was killing fish and crabs and posed a health hazard. Better water circulation through the canal would help flush away foul substances, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, government officials soon found the money to put a massive steam shovel to work ripping through the marsh between Alameda and modern-day Oakland. They finished dredging the canal in 1902, nearly 30 years after the plan was first hatched. Alameda was officially an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no dam. … but residents celebrated anyway — through days of fireworks, carnival acts and a procession of two hundred lighted boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>A failed idea? \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The scale and ambition of the Alameda Island project don’t impress geographer Richard Walker. In the grand scheme of things, he says, the project was actually pretty small. There are very few parts of the San Francisco Bay that humans haven’t somehow altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is California,” Walker says. “California [is] one of the most monumentally re-engineered landscapes on Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a century after the project was completed, the water in the neatly engineered tidal canal that separates Alameda from Oakland is relatively still, looking like a moat around a castle. People mostly use it for recreation now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate Puckett says it doesn’t bother him that Alameda isn’t naturally an island. Residents here still bond over bridge and tunnel delays and over a beer at Alameda Island Brewing Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\nOlivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>One of the best parts about a deep and long-running friendship is you can poke a little fun at each other for your quirks. Like how you’re a diehard fan for a chronically losing sports team or how you put ketchup on everything – gross. For Nate Puckett, his friends rib him about how he never leaves the city of Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> So I work here, I live here, my kids go to school here. I have a 4-year-old and a 6-year-old. So I don’t leave the island for like weeks. And people make fun of me for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Alameda is an island, in case you didn’t know, and that fact is pretty wrapped up in the identity of some people who live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> I have a T-shirt that says Islander. That’s, like, Alameda themed. There’s Alameda Island Brewing. Like, you talk about whether, you know, you’re on the island or not on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But recently, Nate’s sense of place was thrown off-kilter. He was eating ice cream at a local spot – Tuckers. He glanced up at a historical map hanging on the wall. And there, he saw something that shook him to the core. Alameda was connected to what is now mainland Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> It kind of felt like we’ve been all living a lie. It kind of felt like, no, that’s wrong. Alameda is an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But no. The map was not wrong. It was just \u003ci>old\u003c/i>. Alameda is not a natural island. And it almost never became an island at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Bay Curious theme music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>On this episode of Bay Curious, we’re going to find out how and \u003ci>why \u003c/i>Alameda was sliced off the mainland. It’s a story with enough twists and turns to make your head spin. I’m Olivia Allen Price. We’ll dive in just after this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sponsor break\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Making Alameda into an island took nearly 30 years. And in the end, the original idea for the massive excavation, didn’t quite pan out as planned. KQED Producer Pauline Bartolone tells us all about the bumpy journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Flooding, legal battles, an economic slump and raw sewage. They’re all part of Alameda’s island origin story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all starts back in the 1870s, Alameda was a big peninsula, jutting out like an outstretched arm from what is now Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, things were pretty quiet where Alameda connected with the mainland. Not many people lived in this marshy region. Think open fields and maybe just a few estates of wealthy families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just to the west was a waterway, the Oakland harbor, that opened up to the San Francisco Bay. And it was becoming a bustling center for maritime commerce. More and more ships were arriving since the Gold Rush, bringing all sorts of goods. But navigation in this waterway was tricky. Sediment on its floor would shift — a lot! — causing all sorts of problems for boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music ends. We hear the sounds of street traffic and outside noises.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> The trouble is, there were sandbars. And there were all kinds of impediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Alameda historian Dennis Evanosky took me and our question-asker, Nate Puckett, on a tour along Alameda’s waterfront. He says around what is now the Port of Oakland, the waterway was wild and untouched, with sandbars that would ebb and flow with the tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They were there on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, then they’d be over here on Tuesday and Thursday, this place else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> Oh, yeah, haha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> And it impeded the shipping traffic!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>The unpredictable nature of the waterway didn’t work for the shipping industry, which wanted to get more boats into the port. Oakland had big development ambitions, says Richard Walker, a professor emeritus in geography at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Walker: \u003c/b>Then, the sense of competition with San Francisco is intense, even though there’s a lot of San Francisco investment in Oakland. But you start to create Oakland having its own capitalist class, its own leadership who have banks in Oakland, have businesses, you know, have shipping companies, and they actually have a local interest. And that grows and grows so that Oakland, you know, by the early 20th century, is really thumbing its nose at San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Local Congressmen made deals to bring in millions of federal dollars to improve the harbor. Evanosky says the big idea was to dredge a canal all the way across the north side of Alameda, turning the peninsula into an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>We hear sounds of traffic near the canal\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They planned to build this tidal canal as a scouring channel. What they planned to do was build a dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone:\u003c/b> The dam would be built on the far east side of Alameda. And then during ebb tide, when the water is naturally flowing out to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They are going to open that dam, and we’re going to have the water to, I say, “whoosh” through the scouring channel here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone:\u003c/b> Engineers thought this would harness the natural power of tides to flush sediment out of the Oakland estuary and toward the Bay, learning the passage for boats coming in and out of the narrow waterway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> And these aren’t necessarily big, huge ships. These could be smaller ships, but they need a place to navigate and turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone:\u003c/b> So, that was the plan. … in the beginning. The project got the green light in the early 1870s but had a slow start. And over the next three decades, it hit roadblock after roadblock. Early on, the government had to buy out 11 families who would lose part of their estates to the canal. They were offered $40,000 at the time, what is more than $1.2 million today. But one family refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Patty Donald:\u003c/b> They were screwing with his kingdom. If you put it that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Patty Donald is the great-great-granddaughter of A.A. Cohen, a railroad industry baron and attorney who owned an estate with a 70-room mansion on Alameda. A.A. Cohen’s family challenged the canal project more than once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Patty Donald:\u003c/b> He was one of the most powerful people in Alameda at that time because he had started, he had bought a failing rail system in 1876, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>He sued to stop the canal project and lost. And it went forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>By 1889, the excavation was underway. But quickly suffered another setback. A deluge, literally. The winter that started in 1889 was one of the wettest on record. More than 45 inches of rain fell that year. That’s according to a history written by Woody Minor of the Alameda Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound effect of typewriter under voice-over\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>Voice actor reading:\u003c/i>\u003c/b> Disaster struck on a stormy night in January when Sausal Creek overflowed its banks at Fruitvale Avenue and flooded the ditch and equipment. It took two months to pump out the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Then, they had to deal with public opinion. And perhaps the very first complaints from Alameda residents about commuting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They are digging this canal. And there’s a problem. People complain, well, if you’re gonna have this canal here, how are we going to get home?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>The canal dredging was disrupting traffic to one of Alameda’s main entrances, Evanosky says. So, the Park Street Bridge was built first, and then two other bridges came.. in the decade that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>As if legal battles, payouts and flooding weren’t enough, the canal project suffered more roadblocks in the 1890s. According to the Alameda Museum’s Woody Minor, funding dried up during an economic depression. Then, the project’s long-time champion at the Army Corps of Engineers retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then — this one’s big — new research suggested that dredging deeper in Oakland’s harbor would be more effective for boat passage than this idea of flushing sediment out using a dam. While government officials debated next steps, a partially dug unfinished canal was left. A big giant trench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> So they had to stop. And this is all done, and they had to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Now, this is where the raw sewage comes into the picture. Right around this time, people in Oakland and Alameda started installing residential sewer systems. And the waste was flowing right into Lake Merritt and the Oakland Harbor. By the Alameda Museum’s account, the waterway became a cesspool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound effect of typewriter under voice-over\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice Actor:\u003c/b> Fetid water awash with dead fish lapped against the dam and seeped into the ditch, emitting a pervasive stench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Alameda’s health officer became the biggest crusader for completing the canal. In 1897, he argued that the stench from the incomplete trench had not only become offensive, but the foul water was killing fish and crabs and posing a health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So government officials soon found the money to put a massive steam shovel to work and finish that canal excavation once and for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound of a big machine starting up\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>In case you’re wondering if, during this era, anyone ever chimed in about the ecological impacts of ripping through this marshy area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Walker:\u003c/b> No, no, no, no, no, it’s nothing like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Richard Walker says there wasn’t really an environmental movement at this time. Maybe an oysterman was concerned about declining catches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Walker:\u003c/b> The conservationists at that time would be, I think, entirely obsessed with creating the first state parks. Saving the redwoods. They’re worried about mine debris in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>By 1902, the dredging was done. And 30 years after the plan was first hatched, the canal filled with water. Alameda was officially an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the city of Alameda were ready to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sounds of a marching band, crowd noise and fireworks\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>In September of 1902, there were days of fireworks, parades, brass bands, carnival acts, fancy diving and a procession of two hundred lighted boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things were different from what was originally envisioned, of course. For one, there was no dam to help flush water out of the estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> In my view, they didn’t build the dam because they were just tired of this whole thing, and a lot of people didn’t think the dam was going to work anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Now, more than a century later, as I walk along the canal with Alameda historian Dennis Evanosky near the Park Street Bridge, the canal water is relatively still. A few boats are docked, but none sail by. This neatly engineered waterway looks like a moat around a castle. It’s mostly used for recreation now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> This wasn’t natural. It looks very not natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> Right? Right? Right, right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Our question asker, Nate Puckett, has been walking with us, listening to Evanosky this whole time. He looks slightly unsettled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> So it sounds like the reason it’s an island was a failed idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> Yeah, exactly. Yeah. I would say, “The island city, sort of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> Yeah, yeah, the island city by accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> Right, right. Right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Nate clarified later that he found Alameda’s island origin story “surprising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> You kind of always assume big projects like this are for a very clear and thought-out purpose. And to find that it was kind of an accident or the plan changed so many times is definitely surprising. Especially just, you know, because Alameda is so into being an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>The fact that Alameda isn’t naturally an island doesn’t bother Nate Puckett too much now. After all, it’s been that way for a while, and residents here still bond over bridge and tunnel delays. And over a beer at Alameda Island Brewing Co.\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003ci>Island-themed music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That story was produced by Pauline Bartolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big shout out and thanks to Liam O’Donoghue of the \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayyesterday.com/\">East Bay Yesterday podcast \u003c/a>and UC Davis geographer Javier Arbona for their help on this story. Facts in this story came from Woody Minor of the Alameda Museum and historical documents from the Army Corp of Engineers and the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still time to vote in our April voting round. Here are your choices:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1:\u003c/b> I was recently at the Morcom Rose Garden in Oakland and saw three different official Oakland signs that read, “No glitter.” I would love to know what happened at the rose garden to warrant so many signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2:\u003c/b> Yesterday, I walked with a fellow science teacher on the Great Hwy. We commented on the blackish sand, made of iron filings. Where does the iron come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3:\u003c/b> Who are the de Youngs? I think they have some crazy stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Vote for which question you think we should tackle next at baycurious.org. While you’re there, sign up for our monthly newsletter, ask your own question or get lost listening through the Bay Curious archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Our show is made by:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Katrina Schwartz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christopher Beale: \u003c/b>Christopher Beale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Katherine Monahan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Jen Chien: \u003c/b>Jen Chien\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katie Springer: \u003c/b>Katie Springer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cesar Saldana: \u003c/b>Cesar Saldana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Maha Sanad: \u003c/b>Maha Sanad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Holly Kernan:\u003c/b> Holly Kernan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Crowd:\u003c/b> And the whole KQED family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll be back next week.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Alameda residents fully own their island identity, but many don't know that it used to be connected to mainland Oakland.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714062860,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":136,"wordCount":3910},"headData":{"title":"Alameda: The Island That Almost Wasn’t | KQED","description":"Alameda residents fully own their island identity, but many don't know that it used to be connected to mainland Oakland.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Alameda: The Island That Almost Wasn’t","datePublished":"2024-04-25T10:00:34.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T16:34:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Bay Curious","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious/","audioUrl":"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC3081122282.mp3?key=fc075dc0e32f001c439745b9697d7766&request_event_id=3ff129a1-c582-463c-8902-bc37d989ad55","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983858/alameda-the-island-that-almost-wasnt","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Alameda has all the sure signs of an island. To get there, you have to use a bridge, a tunnel or a boat. Locals talk about going “on and off island.” And residents, like Nate Puckett, wear Alameda-themed T-shirts that say “Islander.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t leave the island for, like, weeks,” says Puckett, who lives, works and raises two kids in the Bay Area city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently, Puckett’s sense of place was thrown off-kilter. He was enjoying an ice cream at a favorite local spot — Tucker’s — when he looked up at a historical map on the wall. It showed Alameda connected to the mainland. That must be wrong, he thought; Alameda is an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the map was not wrong — it was just old. In fact, Alameda is not a natural island. And it almost never became an island at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It kind of felt like we’ve been living a lie,” Puckett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Puckett asked Bay Curious to find out more about Alameda’s island origin story. The project took nearly 30 years to complete and had enough twists and turns to make anyone dizzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When it all began\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 999px\">\u003ca href=\"https://oaklandlibrary.org/ohc/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11983868 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked.jpg\" alt=\"An old map shows what is now Alameda Island as connected to the mainland.\" width=\"999\" height=\"752\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked.jpg 999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Alameda1877-tweaked-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of Alameda from 1877 shows it as a connected peninsula, not an island. \u003ccite>(Oakland Public Library, Oakland History Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1870s, Alameda was a big peninsula that jutted out from what is now Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood like an outstretched arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, things were pretty quiet in that part of the East Bay (it wasn’t Oakland until later). The marshy region was not very populated; the landscape was mostly wide open fields and the estates of a few wealthy families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oakland’s inner harbor was nearby, and it was quickly becoming a bustling center for maritime commerce. Once the Gold Rush started, more and more ships arrived, bringing in all sorts of goods. And Oakland itself was growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But navigation to the budding port was tricky. Boats had to traverse a wild waterway that hadn’t seen much development yet. Sediment on the harbor’s bottom would shift with the tides, causing sandbars to move in unpredictable patterns that caused problems for navigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The sandbars] were there on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, [and then] they’d be over here on Tuesday and Thursday,” Alameda historian Dennis Evanosky says. “It impeded the shipping traffic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983870\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983870\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett.jpg\" alt=\"Older man in blue sweater stands next to a younger one in brown.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1276\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Evanosky-Puckett-1536x1021.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dennis Evanosky (left) with Nate Puckett next to the Alameda canal. The Park Street bridge looms in the background. \u003ccite>(Pauline Bartolone/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland was never going to become the shipping destination it wanted to be if the waterways remained so unpredictable and the port so difficult to reach. And Oakland had big development ambitions, says Richard Walker, a \u003ca href=\"https://geography.berkeley.edu/professor-emeritus-richard-walker\">professor emeritus in geography at UC Berkeley\u003c/a> and author of several books about California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sense of competition with San Francisco [was] intense,” Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800s, Oakland was coming into its own politically and economically, developing its own banks, businesses and shipping companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That grows and grows so that Oakland, by the early 20th century, is really thumbing its nose at San Francisco,” Walker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to local lobbying, Congressmen worked to bring in millions of federal dollars to pay the Army Corps of Engineers to improve the harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since shifting sandbars on the bottom was the biggest problem, \u003ca href=\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/ca/ca2600/ca2606/data/ca2606data.pdf\">the initial plan\u003c/a> was to cut through the marshy area of the Alameda peninsula, where it was connected to the mainland, to create a canal. Engineers thought if they built a dam at one end, they could release powerful torrents of water through the canal to flush out built-up sediment in the harbor. That would clear the way for bigger ships to come and go more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project got the green light in the early 1870s, but over the next three decades, it hit roadblock after roadblock.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Resistance to the project\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">Eleven families owned land where the government wanted to dredge the canal\u003c/a>. Oakland officials offered families $40,000 at the time, more than $1.2 million today. But one person refused — \u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenbrayhouse.org/about-6\">A.A. Cohen, a railroad industry baron and attorney\u003c/a> who owned an estate with a 70-room mansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were screwing with his kingdom,” says Patty Donald, Cohen’s great-great-granddaughter and manager of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cohenbrayhouse.org/history\"> Cohen Bray house\u003c/a>, a historic Victorian building in Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood. The Cohen family challenged the canal project more than once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was one of the most powerful people in Alameda at that time because he had bought a failing rail system,” Donald says. “He built it up in two years and created another one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the canal project progressed despite Cohen’s legal challenge, and by 1889 the excavation was underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>The setbacks pile up\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Quickly, the canal project suffered another setback — flooding. The winter of 1889 was one of the wettest on record. More than 45 inches of rain fell that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Disaster struck on a stormy night in January when Sausal Creek overflowed its banks at Fruitvale Avenue and flooded the ditch and equipment,” \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">wrote historian Woody Minor in the Alameda Museum newslette\u003c/a>r. “It took two months to pump out the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, the project’s proponents had to deal with public opinion and perhaps the very first complaints from Alamedans about commuting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People complain, ‘Well if you’re gonna have this canal here, how are we going to get home?’” Evanosky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dredged canal cut across one of the main thoroughfares, leading to the Alameda peninsula, disrupting traffic \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">for two years\u003c/a>. The Park Street bridge opened in 1891, and Alameda’s two other bridges, at High Street and Fruitvale Avenue, were built the following decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If legal battles, payouts and flooding weren’t enough, there was an economic depression in the 1890s. Funding for the canal project dried up. And then, the project’s long-time champion at the Army Corp of Engineers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.spn.usace.army.mil/Portals/68/docs/History/Engineers%20at%20the%20Golden%20Gate.pdf?ver=2019-10-24-161149-027\">Major George Mendell\u003c/a>, retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the nail in the coffin for the dam/canal combo plan came from \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">new research suggesting that dredging deeper in Oakland’s harbor would be more effective for boat passage\u003c/a> than this idea of flushing sediment away using a dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While government officials debated the next steps, a partially dug, unfinished giant trench was left.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>‘Fetid water awash with dead fish’\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At this point, 20 years after the project began, raw sewage in the area’s waterways had become a real problem. In the late 1800s, people in Oakland and Alameda started installing residential sewer systems, and the waste flowed right into Lake Merritt and the Oakland Harbor. The unfinished canal became a cesspool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fetid water awash with dead fish lapped against the dam and seeped into the ditch, emitting a pervasive stench,” \u003ca href=\"https://alamedamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AMQ_MAR_2019.pdf\">wrote Minor in his history of the island\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda’s health officer at the time, Dr. John T. McClean, became the biggest crusader for completing the canal. In a letter to Washington, published by the Oakland Enquirer in 1897, McLean argued that the stench from the incomplete trench had not only become offensive, but the foul water was killing fish and crabs and posed a health hazard. Better water circulation through the canal would help flush away foul substances, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, government officials soon found the money to put a massive steam shovel to work ripping through the marsh between Alameda and modern-day Oakland. They finished dredging the canal in 1902, nearly 30 years after the plan was first hatched. Alameda was officially an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no dam. … but residents celebrated anyway — through days of fireworks, carnival acts and a procession of two hundred lighted boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>A failed idea? \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The scale and ambition of the Alameda Island project don’t impress geographer Richard Walker. In the grand scheme of things, he says, the project was actually pretty small. There are very few parts of the San Francisco Bay that humans haven’t somehow altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is California,” Walker says. “California [is] one of the most monumentally re-engineered landscapes on Earth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a century after the project was completed, the water in the neatly engineered tidal canal that separates Alameda from Oakland is relatively still, looking like a moat around a castle. People mostly use it for recreation now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nate Puckett says it doesn’t bother him that Alameda isn’t naturally an island. Residents here still bond over bridge and tunnel delays and over a beer at Alameda Island Brewing Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"baycuriousquestion","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\nOlivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>One of the best parts about a deep and long-running friendship is you can poke a little fun at each other for your quirks. Like how you’re a diehard fan for a chronically losing sports team or how you put ketchup on everything – gross. For Nate Puckett, his friends rib him about how he never leaves the city of Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> So I work here, I live here, my kids go to school here. I have a 4-year-old and a 6-year-old. So I don’t leave the island for like weeks. And people make fun of me for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Alameda is an island, in case you didn’t know, and that fact is pretty wrapped up in the identity of some people who live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> I have a T-shirt that says Islander. That’s, like, Alameda themed. There’s Alameda Island Brewing. Like, you talk about whether, you know, you’re on the island or not on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But recently, Nate’s sense of place was thrown off-kilter. He was eating ice cream at a local spot – Tuckers. He glanced up at a historical map hanging on the wall. And there, he saw something that shook him to the core. Alameda was connected to what is now mainland Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> It kind of felt like we’ve been all living a lie. It kind of felt like, no, that’s wrong. Alameda is an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>But no. The map was not wrong. It was just \u003ci>old\u003c/i>. Alameda is not a natural island. And it almost never became an island at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Bay Curious theme music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>On this episode of Bay Curious, we’re going to find out how and \u003ci>why \u003c/i>Alameda was sliced off the mainland. It’s a story with enough twists and turns to make your head spin. I’m Olivia Allen Price. We’ll dive in just after this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sponsor break\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Making Alameda into an island took nearly 30 years. And in the end, the original idea for the massive excavation, didn’t quite pan out as planned. KQED Producer Pauline Bartolone tells us all about the bumpy journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Flooding, legal battles, an economic slump and raw sewage. They’re all part of Alameda’s island origin story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all starts back in the 1870s, Alameda was a big peninsula, jutting out like an outstretched arm from what is now Oakland’s Fruitvale neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, things were pretty quiet where Alameda connected with the mainland. Not many people lived in this marshy region. Think open fields and maybe just a few estates of wealthy families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just to the west was a waterway, the Oakland harbor, that opened up to the San Francisco Bay. And it was becoming a bustling center for maritime commerce. More and more ships were arriving since the Gold Rush, bringing all sorts of goods. But navigation in this waterway was tricky. Sediment on its floor would shift — a lot! — causing all sorts of problems for boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music ends. We hear the sounds of street traffic and outside noises.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> The trouble is, there were sandbars. And there were all kinds of impediments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Alameda historian Dennis Evanosky took me and our question-asker, Nate Puckett, on a tour along Alameda’s waterfront. He says around what is now the Port of Oakland, the waterway was wild and untouched, with sandbars that would ebb and flow with the tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They were there on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, then they’d be over here on Tuesday and Thursday, this place else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> Oh, yeah, haha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> And it impeded the shipping traffic!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>The unpredictable nature of the waterway didn’t work for the shipping industry, which wanted to get more boats into the port. Oakland had big development ambitions, says Richard Walker, a professor emeritus in geography at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Walker: \u003c/b>Then, the sense of competition with San Francisco is intense, even though there’s a lot of San Francisco investment in Oakland. But you start to create Oakland having its own capitalist class, its own leadership who have banks in Oakland, have businesses, you know, have shipping companies, and they actually have a local interest. And that grows and grows so that Oakland, you know, by the early 20th century, is really thumbing its nose at San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Local Congressmen made deals to bring in millions of federal dollars to improve the harbor. Evanosky says the big idea was to dredge a canal all the way across the north side of Alameda, turning the peninsula into an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>We hear sounds of traffic near the canal\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They planned to build this tidal canal as a scouring channel. What they planned to do was build a dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone:\u003c/b> The dam would be built on the far east side of Alameda. And then during ebb tide, when the water is naturally flowing out to the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They are going to open that dam, and we’re going to have the water to, I say, “whoosh” through the scouring channel here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone:\u003c/b> Engineers thought this would harness the natural power of tides to flush sediment out of the Oakland estuary and toward the Bay, learning the passage for boats coming in and out of the narrow waterway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> And these aren’t necessarily big, huge ships. These could be smaller ships, but they need a place to navigate and turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone:\u003c/b> So, that was the plan. … in the beginning. The project got the green light in the early 1870s but had a slow start. And over the next three decades, it hit roadblock after roadblock. Early on, the government had to buy out 11 families who would lose part of their estates to the canal. They were offered $40,000 at the time, what is more than $1.2 million today. But one family refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Patty Donald:\u003c/b> They were screwing with his kingdom. If you put it that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Patty Donald is the great-great-granddaughter of A.A. Cohen, a railroad industry baron and attorney who owned an estate with a 70-room mansion on Alameda. A.A. Cohen’s family challenged the canal project more than once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Patty Donald:\u003c/b> He was one of the most powerful people in Alameda at that time because he had started, he had bought a failing rail system in 1876, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>He sued to stop the canal project and lost. And it went forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>By 1889, the excavation was underway. But quickly suffered another setback. A deluge, literally. The winter that started in 1889 was one of the wettest on record. More than 45 inches of rain fell that year. That’s according to a history written by Woody Minor of the Alameda Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound effect of typewriter under voice-over\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>Voice actor reading:\u003c/i>\u003c/b> Disaster struck on a stormy night in January when Sausal Creek overflowed its banks at Fruitvale Avenue and flooded the ditch and equipment. It took two months to pump out the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Then, they had to deal with public opinion. And perhaps the very first complaints from Alameda residents about commuting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> They are digging this canal. And there’s a problem. People complain, well, if you’re gonna have this canal here, how are we going to get home?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>The canal dredging was disrupting traffic to one of Alameda’s main entrances, Evanosky says. So, the Park Street Bridge was built first, and then two other bridges came.. in the decade that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>As if legal battles, payouts and flooding weren’t enough, the canal project suffered more roadblocks in the 1890s. According to the Alameda Museum’s Woody Minor, funding dried up during an economic depression. Then, the project’s long-time champion at the Army Corps of Engineers retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then — this one’s big — new research suggested that dredging deeper in Oakland’s harbor would be more effective for boat passage than this idea of flushing sediment out using a dam. While government officials debated next steps, a partially dug unfinished canal was left. A big giant trench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> So they had to stop. And this is all done, and they had to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Now, this is where the raw sewage comes into the picture. Right around this time, people in Oakland and Alameda started installing residential sewer systems. And the waste was flowing right into Lake Merritt and the Oakland Harbor. By the Alameda Museum’s account, the waterway became a cesspool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound effect of typewriter under voice-over\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice Actor:\u003c/b> Fetid water awash with dead fish lapped against the dam and seeped into the ditch, emitting a pervasive stench.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Alameda’s health officer became the biggest crusader for completing the canal. In 1897, he argued that the stench from the incomplete trench had not only become offensive, but the foul water was killing fish and crabs and posing a health hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So government officials soon found the money to put a massive steam shovel to work and finish that canal excavation once and for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sound of a big machine starting up\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>In case you’re wondering if, during this era, anyone ever chimed in about the ecological impacts of ripping through this marshy area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Walker:\u003c/b> No, no, no, no, no, it’s nothing like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Richard Walker says there wasn’t really an environmental movement at this time. Maybe an oysterman was concerned about declining catches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Walker:\u003c/b> The conservationists at that time would be, I think, entirely obsessed with creating the first state parks. Saving the redwoods. They’re worried about mine debris in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>By 1902, the dredging was done. And 30 years after the plan was first hatched, the canal filled with water. Alameda was officially an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the city of Alameda were ready to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sounds of a marching band, crowd noise and fireworks\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>In September of 1902, there were days of fireworks, parades, brass bands, carnival acts, fancy diving and a procession of two hundred lighted boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things were different from what was originally envisioned, of course. For one, there was no dam to help flush water out of the estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> In my view, they didn’t build the dam because they were just tired of this whole thing, and a lot of people didn’t think the dam was going to work anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Now, more than a century later, as I walk along the canal with Alameda historian Dennis Evanosky near the Park Street Bridge, the canal water is relatively still. A few boats are docked, but none sail by. This neatly engineered waterway looks like a moat around a castle. It’s mostly used for recreation now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> This wasn’t natural. It looks very not natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> Right? Right? Right, right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Our question asker, Nate Puckett, has been walking with us, listening to Evanosky this whole time. He looks slightly unsettled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> So it sounds like the reason it’s an island was a failed idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> Yeah, exactly. Yeah. I would say, “The island city, sort of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> Yeah, yeah, the island city by accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dennis Evanosky:\u003c/b> Right, right. Right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>Nate clarified later that he found Alameda’s island origin story “surprising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nate Puckett:\u003c/b> You kind of always assume big projects like this are for a very clear and thought-out purpose. And to find that it was kind of an accident or the plan changed so many times is definitely surprising. Especially just, you know, because Alameda is so into being an island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pauline Bartolone: \u003c/b>The fact that Alameda isn’t naturally an island doesn’t bother Nate Puckett too much now. After all, it’s been that way for a while, and residents here still bond over bridge and tunnel delays. And over a beer at Alameda Island Brewing Co.\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003ci>Island-themed music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>That story was produced by Pauline Bartolone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big shout out and thanks to Liam O’Donoghue of the \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayyesterday.com/\">East Bay Yesterday podcast \u003c/a>and UC Davis geographer Javier Arbona for their help on this story. Facts in this story came from Woody Minor of the Alameda Museum and historical documents from the Army Corp of Engineers and the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s still time to vote in our April voting round. Here are your choices:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1:\u003c/b> I was recently at the Morcom Rose Garden in Oakland and saw three different official Oakland signs that read, “No glitter.” I would love to know what happened at the rose garden to warrant so many signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2:\u003c/b> Yesterday, I walked with a fellow science teacher on the Great Hwy. We commented on the blackish sand, made of iron filings. Where does the iron come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3:\u003c/b> Who are the de Youngs? I think they have some crazy stories!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Vote for which question you think we should tackle next at baycurious.org. While you’re there, sign up for our monthly newsletter, ask your own question or get lost listening through the Bay Curious archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Our show is made by:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Katrina Schwartz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christopher Beale: \u003c/b>Christopher Beale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/b> Katherine Monahan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>and me, Olivia Allen Price. Additional support from:\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>Jen Chien: \u003c/b>Jen Chien\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katie Springer: \u003c/b>Katie Springer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Cesar Saldana: \u003c/b>Cesar Saldana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Maha Sanad: \u003c/b>Maha Sanad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Holly Kernan:\u003c/b> Holly Kernan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Crowd:\u003c/b> And the whole KQED family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. We’ll be back next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983858/alameda-the-island-that-almost-wasnt","authors":["11879"],"programs":["news_33523"],"series":["news_17986"],"categories":["news_31795","news_28250","news_8"],"tags":["news_3631","news_32459","news_28262","news_22761"],"featImg":"news_11983865","label":"source_news_11983858"},"news_11976218":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11976218","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11976218","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-will-help-fund-the-down-payment-for-your-first-house-heres-how-to-apply","title":"Just Days Left to Apply for California Program That Helps Pay for Your First House","publishDate":1714071347,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Just Days Left to Apply for California Program That Helps Pay for Your First House | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981458/ayuda-a-comprar-su-primera-casa-california-2023\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it rolled out last year, the California Dream for All program — a loan application for first-time home buyers — exhausted its approximately $300 million of funding within 11 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted some changes this year for when the down payment assistance program opened again to California residents on April 3. The state has about $250 million on the table, which is expected to assist between 1,600–2,000 new applicants, said Eric Johnson, a spokesperson for the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">The program — officially called the California Dream for All Shared Appreciation Loan\u003c/a> — is designed to have the state step into the role of a parent or grandparent in assisting their offspring buy a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program is designed to help those who may not have had the benefit of generational wealth in buying their first home,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re hoping to \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">apply for the California Dream for All program\u003c/a> in 2024, keep reading to see who is eligible, how the program has changed this year, and what you need to do. But hurry: \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">Applications for the program\u003c/a> officially close at 5 p.m. Pacific Time on Monday, April 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#californiadream\">How does the California Dream for All program work?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#eligible\">Who is eligible to apply in 2024?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Who got the money in 2023?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While wildly popular, the California Dream for All program didn’t have the geographic reach its designers had hoped for — nor did it reach its intended demographic target, said Adam Briones, the CEO of California Community Builders, a nonprofit housing research and advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briones and his team did the research that helped design the program to close the racial homeownership gap in the state. In California, nearly 37% of Black households own their homes compared to 63% of white households, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/californias-housing-divide/\">according to the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The original hope of the program had been that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952984/reparations-commentary\">formerly redlined communities\u003c/a>, low-wealth communities … [would] be disproportionately supported by this program,” Briones said, “because they’ve been disproportionately held back by inequalities, both in terms of public policy and the way that our economic system works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eric Johnson, California Housing Finance Agency\"]‘The program is designed to help those who may not have had the benefit of generational wealth in buying their first home.’[/pullquote]“And we didn’t see that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first round of California Dream For All funding helped nearly 2,200 new homeowners purchase homes. But of those, only 3% of the grantees were Black, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/images/dfa-phase-I-outcomes.png\">according to CalHFA\u003c/a>. That’s compared to 35% of white recipients, 33% Latino and 19% Asian American and Pacific Islander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor were the California Dream for All funds distributed equally on a geographic basis, Briones said. A disproportionate share went to Sacramento residents, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of that had to do with informal knowledge access and understanding of a large program that was going to be rolled out,” Briones said. But he cautioned, “If Californians throughout the state don’t benefit from the program, it’s going to be really hard to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11917267/california-legislators-propose-helping-people-buy-homes-in-exchange-for-partial-ownership\">make the argument to voters that they should continue investing in these types of things\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time around, changes to the 2024 California Dream for All program are meant to address those disparities, Johnson said. Here’s what you need to know to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"californiadream\">\u003c/a>What is the California Dream For All program, and how does it work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the California Dream For All program, the state will put down up to 20% of the cost of the home, or up to $150,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That money does have to be repaid, just not right away. It gets repaid — without interest — when you sell the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there’s a catch. You also have to pay back 20% of any appreciation on the home’s value (which is why the program is called a Shared Appreciation Loan). So, if you buy a $600,000 home and then sell it 10 years later for $700,000, you would have to pay back the initial $120,000 down payment, along with an additional $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11917267,news_11946353 label='California Dream for All']In December, the median price of homes in California was nearly $820,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.car.org/en/marketdata/data/countysalesactivity\">according to the California Association of Realtors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, in return for an investment from the state into your down payment, when you sell the home, you should share that appreciation with the state,” Briones said, adding that the money homebuyers repay will go toward funding future California Dream for All loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an organization working to close the racial wealth gap we thought that trade-off is fair, to ensure that we can support families now and in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants can \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">apply for the California Dream for All program before it closes at 5 p.m. on Monday, April 29 at calhfa.ca.gov/dream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"eligible\">\u003c/a>Who is eligible to apply for California Dream for All?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Who’s eligible” is where some of the program’s changes this year come into play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like last year, California Dream for All applicants must be California residents — who are either citizens, permanent residents or \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:8%20section:1641%20edition:prelim)\">otherwise defined as a “Qualified Alien”\u003c/a> — and first-time home buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike last year, at least one person on the application must also be a first-generation home buyer — meaning their parents do not currently own a home in the United States. Applicants who have ever been in foster care also qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briones said he was skeptical at first about this requirement that applicants be first-generation home buyers. But, given how quickly the money flew out the door last year, he’s now in favor of the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think that this is probably a needed additional step to make sure that this program truly is targeted to people that really do need the funds,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, residents making up to 150% of the area’s median income could apply. But this year, that threshold has been reduced to 120% of the area median income. Those income limits now range from $287,000 in Santa Clara County to $132,000 in some of the more rural or agricultural parts of the state, such as Humboldt and Fresno counties. \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/limits/income/income-cadfa.pdf\">Check out the full list of county income limits here (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said that CalHFA (California Housing Finance Agency) relies on \u003ca href=\"https://ami-lookup-tool.fanniemae.com/\">the income the lender uses to qualify the homebuyers\u003c/a>. So, if, for example, a married couple applies, then the lender uses their combined income. If a single person applies to the program, the lender only uses one income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants must also have a credit score of 680 and a debt-to-income ratio of no more than 45%. \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/programs/loans-cadfa.pdf\">Read the full list of eligibility requirements for California Dream for All (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>I think I qualify for the California Dream for All program. What’s next?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Don’t start picking out your dream home just yet. Johnson said the first thing to do is to find \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homebuyer/lenders.htm\">a CalHFA-approved lender\u003c/a> who is offering the California Dream for All program and can get you pre-approved. This is because you’ll need that \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/forms/pre-approval-letter-cadfa.pdf\">pre-approval letter (PDF)\u003c/a> from them to register for the program in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Figure out how much home you can qualify for,” Johnson said. “Then work with a loan officer to make sure your application is ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online California Dream for All application \u003c/a>portal will open at 8 a.m. on April 3 and will remain open until 5 p.m. on April 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, you’ll need to take a five- to six-hour home-buyer education course and a second one-hour course about how a shared appreciation mortgage works. You can register at \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfadreamforall.com/\">calhfadreamforall.com\u003c/a>, and the classes are online and free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do end up getting selected for a loan under the program, then you have 90 days to find that dream house, enter into a contract to purchase a home and have the lender reserve the loan through CalHFA’s Mortgage Access System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you aren’t quite ready to talk to a loan officer yet, Johnson said you can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/states/california/homeownership/hsgcounseling\">talk to a free HUD-approved housing counselor\u003c/a>, who can dig into your finances and figure out what you need to do to get ready to buy a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens after I apply for California Dream for All?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is another way the 2024 application differs from last year’s: Unlike 2023’s first round of funding, when loans were given on a first-come, first-served basis, this year, there will be a lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means you don’t need to worry about getting your application in right when the program opens up. Johnson confirmed that you will have until the end of April to submit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\"]How to apply\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Find \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homebuyer/lenders.htm\">an approved loan officer\u003c/a> or talk with \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/states/california/homeownership/hsgcounseling\">a HUD-approved housing counselor\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get a pre-approval letter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Register before \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">the program lottery deadline on April 29\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]After that, Johnson said CalHFA has separated the state into nine geographic zones. The number of applicants selected for the California Dream for All loans will be based on the number of households in each zone. “We really wanted to make sure these funds were distributed equitably,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people didn’t have time to get their paperwork together [last year],” Johnson said. “We wanted to make sure we had done everything we possibly could and for people to get their finances in order, to make sure they could be successful this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said it’s OK if the applicant makes an honest mistake or there’s an error on the application: They won’t be rejected outright. CalHFA will work with the applicant to correct any mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very robust customer service platform in place,” he said. “We help people get through the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also said starting early to prepare for the application process is important. So, if you haven’t already, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homebuyer/lenders.htm\">find a loan officer\u003c/a> who can help assist you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, if it doesn’t happen this year, Johnson said you might also qualify for some of the state’s other home-buyer-assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, helpful explainers and guides about issues like COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The original version of this story published on Feb. 19, 2024.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Applications for the state’s high-demand loan program for first-time home buyers will close on Monday, April 29 at 5 p.m.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714071452,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":1939},"headData":{"title":"Just Days Left to Apply for California Program That Helps Pay for Your First House | KQED","description":"Applications for the state’s high-demand loan program for first-time home buyers will close on Monday, April 29 at 5 p.m.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Just Days Left to Apply for California Program That Helps Pay for Your First House","datePublished":"2024-04-25T18:55:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T18:57:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11976218/california-will-help-fund-the-down-payment-for-your-first-house-heres-how-to-apply","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981458/ayuda-a-comprar-su-primera-casa-california-2023\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it rolled out last year, the California Dream for All program — a loan application for first-time home buyers — exhausted its approximately $300 million of funding within 11 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted some changes this year for when the down payment assistance program opened again to California residents on April 3. The state has about $250 million on the table, which is expected to assist between 1,600–2,000 new applicants, said Eric Johnson, a spokesperson for the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">The program — officially called the California Dream for All Shared Appreciation Loan\u003c/a> — is designed to have the state step into the role of a parent or grandparent in assisting their offspring buy a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program is designed to help those who may not have had the benefit of generational wealth in buying their first home,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re hoping to \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">apply for the California Dream for All program\u003c/a> in 2024, keep reading to see who is eligible, how the program has changed this year, and what you need to do. But hurry: \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">Applications for the program\u003c/a> officially close at 5 p.m. Pacific Time on Monday, April 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#californiadream\">How does the California Dream for All program work?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#eligible\">Who is eligible to apply in 2024?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Who got the money in 2023?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While wildly popular, the California Dream for All program didn’t have the geographic reach its designers had hoped for — nor did it reach its intended demographic target, said Adam Briones, the CEO of California Community Builders, a nonprofit housing research and advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briones and his team did the research that helped design the program to close the racial homeownership gap in the state. In California, nearly 37% of Black households own their homes compared to 63% of white households, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/californias-housing-divide/\">according to the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The original hope of the program had been that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952984/reparations-commentary\">formerly redlined communities\u003c/a>, low-wealth communities … [would] be disproportionately supported by this program,” Briones said, “because they’ve been disproportionately held back by inequalities, both in terms of public policy and the way that our economic system works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The program is designed to help those who may not have had the benefit of generational wealth in buying their first home.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Eric Johnson, California Housing Finance Agency","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“And we didn’t see that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first round of California Dream For All funding helped nearly 2,200 new homeowners purchase homes. But of those, only 3% of the grantees were Black, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/images/dfa-phase-I-outcomes.png\">according to CalHFA\u003c/a>. That’s compared to 35% of white recipients, 33% Latino and 19% Asian American and Pacific Islander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor were the California Dream for All funds distributed equally on a geographic basis, Briones said. A disproportionate share went to Sacramento residents, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of that had to do with informal knowledge access and understanding of a large program that was going to be rolled out,” Briones said. But he cautioned, “If Californians throughout the state don’t benefit from the program, it’s going to be really hard to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11917267/california-legislators-propose-helping-people-buy-homes-in-exchange-for-partial-ownership\">make the argument to voters that they should continue investing in these types of things\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time around, changes to the 2024 California Dream for All program are meant to address those disparities, Johnson said. Here’s what you need to know to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"californiadream\">\u003c/a>What is the California Dream For All program, and how does it work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the California Dream For All program, the state will put down up to 20% of the cost of the home, or up to $150,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That money does have to be repaid, just not right away. It gets repaid — without interest — when you sell the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there’s a catch. You also have to pay back 20% of any appreciation on the home’s value (which is why the program is called a Shared Appreciation Loan). So, if you buy a $600,000 home and then sell it 10 years later for $700,000, you would have to pay back the initial $120,000 down payment, along with an additional $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11917267,news_11946353","label":"California Dream for All "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In December, the median price of homes in California was nearly $820,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.car.org/en/marketdata/data/countysalesactivity\">according to the California Association of Realtors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, in return for an investment from the state into your down payment, when you sell the home, you should share that appreciation with the state,” Briones said, adding that the money homebuyers repay will go toward funding future California Dream for All loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an organization working to close the racial wealth gap we thought that trade-off is fair, to ensure that we can support families now and in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants can \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">apply for the California Dream for All program before it closes at 5 p.m. on Monday, April 29 at calhfa.ca.gov/dream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"eligible\">\u003c/a>Who is eligible to apply for California Dream for All?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Who’s eligible” is where some of the program’s changes this year come into play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like last year, California Dream for All applicants must be California residents — who are either citizens, permanent residents or \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:8%20section:1641%20edition:prelim)\">otherwise defined as a “Qualified Alien”\u003c/a> — and first-time home buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike last year, at least one person on the application must also be a first-generation home buyer — meaning their parents do not currently own a home in the United States. Applicants who have ever been in foster care also qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briones said he was skeptical at first about this requirement that applicants be first-generation home buyers. But, given how quickly the money flew out the door last year, he’s now in favor of the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think that this is probably a needed additional step to make sure that this program truly is targeted to people that really do need the funds,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, residents making up to 150% of the area’s median income could apply. But this year, that threshold has been reduced to 120% of the area median income. Those income limits now range from $287,000 in Santa Clara County to $132,000 in some of the more rural or agricultural parts of the state, such as Humboldt and Fresno counties. \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/limits/income/income-cadfa.pdf\">Check out the full list of county income limits here (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said that CalHFA (California Housing Finance Agency) relies on \u003ca href=\"https://ami-lookup-tool.fanniemae.com/\">the income the lender uses to qualify the homebuyers\u003c/a>. So, if, for example, a married couple applies, then the lender uses their combined income. If a single person applies to the program, the lender only uses one income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants must also have a credit score of 680 and a debt-to-income ratio of no more than 45%. \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/programs/loans-cadfa.pdf\">Read the full list of eligibility requirements for California Dream for All (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>I think I qualify for the California Dream for All program. What’s next?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Don’t start picking out your dream home just yet. Johnson said the first thing to do is to find \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homebuyer/lenders.htm\">a CalHFA-approved lender\u003c/a> who is offering the California Dream for All program and can get you pre-approved. This is because you’ll need that \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homeownership/forms/pre-approval-letter-cadfa.pdf\">pre-approval letter (PDF)\u003c/a> from them to register for the program in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Figure out how much home you can qualify for,” Johnson said. “Then work with a loan officer to make sure your application is ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online California Dream for All application \u003c/a>portal will open at 8 a.m. on April 3 and will remain open until 5 p.m. on April 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, you’ll need to take a five- to six-hour home-buyer education course and a second one-hour course about how a shared appreciation mortgage works. You can register at \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfadreamforall.com/\">calhfadreamforall.com\u003c/a>, and the classes are online and free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do end up getting selected for a loan under the program, then you have 90 days to find that dream house, enter into a contract to purchase a home and have the lender reserve the loan through CalHFA’s Mortgage Access System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you aren’t quite ready to talk to a loan officer yet, Johnson said you can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/states/california/homeownership/hsgcounseling\">talk to a free HUD-approved housing counselor\u003c/a>, who can dig into your finances and figure out what you need to do to get ready to buy a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens after I apply for California Dream for All?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is another way the 2024 application differs from last year’s: Unlike 2023’s first round of funding, when loans were given on a first-come, first-served basis, this year, there will be a lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means you don’t need to worry about getting your application in right when the program opens up. Johnson confirmed that you will have until the end of April to submit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"How to apply\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Find \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homebuyer/lenders.htm\">an approved loan officer\u003c/a> or talk with \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/states/california/homeownership/hsgcounseling\">a HUD-approved housing counselor\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get a pre-approval letter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Register before \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/dream/\">the program lottery deadline on April 29\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After that, Johnson said CalHFA has separated the state into nine geographic zones. The number of applicants selected for the California Dream for All loans will be based on the number of households in each zone. “We really wanted to make sure these funds were distributed equitably,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people didn’t have time to get their paperwork together [last year],” Johnson said. “We wanted to make sure we had done everything we possibly could and for people to get their finances in order, to make sure they could be successful this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said it’s OK if the applicant makes an honest mistake or there’s an error on the application: They won’t be rejected outright. CalHFA will work with the applicant to correct any mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very robust customer service platform in place,” he said. “We help people get through the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also said starting early to prepare for the application process is important. So, if you haven’t already, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/homebuyer/lenders.htm\">find a loan officer\u003c/a> who can help assist you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, if it doesn’t happen this year, Johnson said you might also qualify for some of the state’s other home-buyer-assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, helpful explainers and guides about issues like COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"id":"10483","src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The original version of this story published on Feb. 19, 2024.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11976218/california-will-help-fund-the-down-payment-for-your-first-house-heres-how-to-apply","authors":["11652"],"categories":["news_6266","news_8"],"tags":["news_32707","news_27626","news_31235","news_1775"],"featImg":"news_11976223","label":"news"},"news_11983907":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983907","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983907","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-fresnos-chinatown-high-speed-rail-sparks-hope-and-debate-within-residents","title":"In Fresno’s Chinatown, High-Speed Rail Sparks Hope and Debate Within Residents","publishDate":1714042842,"format":"image","headTitle":"In Fresno’s Chinatown, High-Speed Rail Sparks Hope and Debate Within Residents | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>On a recent weekday in Fresno’s Chinatown, a steady stream of customers flow into the Central Fish Company. The Japanese grocery store doubles as a modest restaurant, where owner Morgan Doizaki serves up catfish nuggets and fish and chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This business is bustling, but around the shop, there’s not a lot of activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my great uncle opened the store, this was the downtown for communities of color,” Doizaki said. “Then, it became a ghost town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because, in the 1960s, Fresno’s Chinatown was hit hard by \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Fresno.pdf\">urban renewal\u003c/a>. A major highway cut through the once-vibrant neighborhood, resulting in demolished buildings and shuttered stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the California High-Speed Rail Authority promises to bring economic prosperity back to this area by constructing a new station — one of the first to be built along the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while some Chinatown residents said this station will be a boon to the local economy, others worry it will be a catalyst for gentrification, ultimately pushing out the very people and businesses the new station aims to benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Cederoth, the director of planning and sustainability at the California High-Speed Rail Authority, said that after decades of segregation, she hopes the new station — with entrances on both the Chinatown and downtown sides of the tracks — will be a bridge to reknit the two neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually a fantastic opportunity for reconnecting downtown and Chinatown,” Cederoth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2024 rendering of the high-speed rail station in Fresno. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California High-Speed Rail Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To jumpstart economic activity, the authority secured a \u003ca href=\"https://hsr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/RAISE-2023-Factsheet-Revised-A11Y.pdf\">$20 million grant\u003c/a> from the federal government to build a plaza in front of the new station that will host food trucks and street vendors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaza, which will sit on the downtown side of the tracks, is slated to open in 2026, a full four years before trains are expected to start running. On the Chinatown side, the authority plans to build an electric vehicle charging station for residents. The funding will also help restore the historic train depot, which will be incorporated into the new station’s design and is believed to be one of Fresno’s oldest buildings, according to the High-Speed Rail Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Fresno] was a city that was really born out of the railway, and having that historic station next to the future high-speed rail station creates this real chemistry between old and new,” Cederoth said. “We want these to be places that are enjoyed by the public, even in advance of high-speed rail service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The history of Fresno’s Chinatown\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants were among the first to settle in Fresno after they helped build the transcontinental railroad in the 1860s. When white landlords in the city agreed not to sell or lease homes east of the railroad to Chinese residents, they were forced to relocate to the west side of the tracks, where Chinatown is now, separating downtown Fresno from Chinese residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These residents created a bustling neighborhood filled with shops, restaurants and civic organizations. But, Jan Minami, director of the Chinatown Fresno Foundation Project, said it was also a locus of illicit activity, which took place inside a warren of underground tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At one point, Chinatown was a red light district,” Minami said. “Many of the underground tunnels and basements were created to escape the heat, but they were also used to essentially hide gambling and prostitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants continued to move to the neighborhood and began working at nearby farms, picking figs, grapes, cotton and wheat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the 1880s, the Chinese Exclusion Act diminished the Chinese workforce. Japanese immigrants, including Doizaki’s family, moved in with many replacing Chinese workers in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983937\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morgan Doizaki stands outside his family business, Central Fish Company, in Fresno’s Chinatown on March 26, 2024. Doizaki’s family has run the shop since 1950. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Morgan Doizaki)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Doizaki’s great-grandpa first moved from Japan to Fowler, a small rural town south of Fresno, in 1898. He and his family relocated to Fresno’s Chinatown years later and began creating a life there — until World War II when Japanese immigrants were forced into internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doizaki’s family was one of the few that was able to rebuild and maintain a business in the area. Over time, Fresno’s Chinatown would become home to 11 different cultures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had our ups and downs, but we’re starting to see improvements,” Doizaki said of his neighborhood. ” High-speed rail definitely has helped put a lot of focus into Chinatown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Chinatown revitalization\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The High-Speed Rail Authority estimates it will spend more than \u003ca href=\"https://hsr.ca.gov/2023/06/28/news-release-high-speed-rail-authority-receives-20-million-from-federal-government-to-revitalize-historic-fresno-train-depot/#:~:text=NEWS%20RELEASE%3A%E2%80%8B%20High%2DSpeed,Revitalize%20Historic%20Fresno%20Train%20Depot&text=FRESNO%2C%20Calif.\">$33 million\u003c/a> on the plaza and other early work near the new station — an investment that’s also prompting city officials to get in on the revitalization effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno City Council members recently approved a $10 million contract, with funding from the \u003ca href=\"https://sgc.ca.gov/grant-programs/tcc/\">Transforming Climate Communities Program\u003c/a>, to construct median islands with greenery and new sidewalks, as well as install street lights with Chinese lanterns to honor the neighborhood’s culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983940\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2024 rendering of the high-speed rail station in Fresno. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California High-Speed Rail Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the last year, the city has opened an apartment building with \u003ca href=\"https://fresnohousing.org/properties/the-monarch-chinatown/\">57 affordable units\u003c/a> just three blocks from the Chinatown station. Councilmember Miguel Arias, who represents the district, said the city has also acquired old motels and historic buildings that will eventually be converted into market-rate and affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a responsibility to these communities to not allow the next modern transit system to continue that historical redlining because the freeway system, the train system fundamentally killed Chinatown,” Arias said. “Our goal is to have about half a dozen housing projects be opened or in the final stages of construction by 2026.” [aside label='Related Coverage' tag='central-valley']But housing advocates said building more is just one piece of a much larger puzzle. Marisa Moraza, a campaign director with Power California, said the city needs to ensure that all this new development does not price out tenants and business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that, she’s advocating for the city to impose a rent cap, increase tenant protections and institute a new oversight board to oversee these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Department of Housing and Community Development has mandated that Fresno build nearly \u003ca href=\"https://fresnocog.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FCOG_RHNP_Public_Review_Final_November_2022_Compiled.pdf\">37,000 new homes and apartments\u003c/a> by 2031 as part of California’s broader goal to construct \u003ca href=\"https://statewide-housing-plan-cahcd.hub.arcgis.com/\">2.5 million homes\u003c/a> in that time. And in a \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eZOB6B6RPRgSnWfKu27p8iYwbPij2vaU/view?usp=sharing\">letter to the city\u003c/a> (PDF), the department recommended it listen and incorporate comments from community groups, such as Power California, as it plans for its share of that new housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to continue to see the city of Fresno grow,” Moraza said. “However, we want to ensure that we are not increasing displacement in downtown and in southwest Fresno as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Doizaki, whose family business has been in Chinatown since 1950, he hopes the city and businesses can work together to provide enough housing for residents with a healthy range of incomes and backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the plans that I’m seeing right now is to fill Chinatown with affordable housing. That’s not how you build a thriving community,” he said. “It’s 2024; we should be able to foresee that this is not how you treat a cultural minority district that was born through racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California High-Speed Rail Authorities are promising to revitalize Fresno’s Chinatown years before the first trains leave the station, intending to spur economic growth for the struggling neighborhood.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714003621,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":30,"wordCount":1296},"headData":{"title":"In Fresno’s Chinatown, High-Speed Rail Sparks Hope and Debate Within Residents | KQED","description":"California High-Speed Rail Authorities are promising to revitalize Fresno’s Chinatown years before the first trains leave the station, intending to spur economic growth for the struggling neighborhood.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"In Fresno’s Chinatown, High-Speed Rail Sparks Hope and Debate Within Residents","datePublished":"2024-04-25T11:00:42.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T00:07:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/5fe27eaf-26a1-4ef5-bdf2-b15c00f545df/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983907/in-fresnos-chinatown-high-speed-rail-sparks-hope-and-debate-within-residents","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a recent weekday in Fresno’s Chinatown, a steady stream of customers flow into the Central Fish Company. The Japanese grocery store doubles as a modest restaurant, where owner Morgan Doizaki serves up catfish nuggets and fish and chips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This business is bustling, but around the shop, there’s not a lot of activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my great uncle opened the store, this was the downtown for communities of color,” Doizaki said. “Then, it became a ghost town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because, in the 1960s, Fresno’s Chinatown was hit hard by \u003ca href=\"https://www.urbandisplacement.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Fresno.pdf\">urban renewal\u003c/a>. A major highway cut through the once-vibrant neighborhood, resulting in demolished buildings and shuttered stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the California High-Speed Rail Authority promises to bring economic prosperity back to this area by constructing a new station — one of the first to be built along the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while some Chinatown residents said this station will be a boon to the local economy, others worry it will be a catalyst for gentrification, ultimately pushing out the very people and businesses the new station aims to benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Cederoth, the director of planning and sustainability at the California High-Speed Rail Authority, said that after decades of segregation, she hopes the new station — with entrances on both the Chinatown and downtown sides of the tracks — will be a bridge to reknit the two neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually a fantastic opportunity for reconnecting downtown and Chinatown,” Cederoth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-Crossing-Path.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2024 rendering of the high-speed rail station in Fresno. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California High-Speed Rail Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To jumpstart economic activity, the authority secured a \u003ca href=\"https://hsr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/RAISE-2023-Factsheet-Revised-A11Y.pdf\">$20 million grant\u003c/a> from the federal government to build a plaza in front of the new station that will host food trucks and street vendors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaza, which will sit on the downtown side of the tracks, is slated to open in 2026, a full four years before trains are expected to start running. On the Chinatown side, the authority plans to build an electric vehicle charging station for residents. The funding will also help restore the historic train depot, which will be incorporated into the new station’s design and is believed to be one of Fresno’s oldest buildings, according to the High-Speed Rail Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Fresno] was a city that was really born out of the railway, and having that historic station next to the future high-speed rail station creates this real chemistry between old and new,” Cederoth said. “We want these to be places that are enjoyed by the public, even in advance of high-speed rail service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The history of Fresno’s Chinatown\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants were among the first to settle in Fresno after they helped build the transcontinental railroad in the 1860s. When white landlords in the city agreed not to sell or lease homes east of the railroad to Chinese residents, they were forced to relocate to the west side of the tracks, where Chinatown is now, separating downtown Fresno from Chinese residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These residents created a bustling neighborhood filled with shops, restaurants and civic organizations. But, Jan Minami, director of the Chinatown Fresno Foundation Project, said it was also a locus of illicit activity, which took place inside a warren of underground tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At one point, Chinatown was a red light district,” Minami said. “Many of the underground tunnels and basements were created to escape the heat, but they were also used to essentially hide gambling and prostitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese immigrants continued to move to the neighborhood and began working at nearby farms, picking figs, grapes, cotton and wheat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the 1880s, the Chinese Exclusion Act diminished the Chinese workforce. Japanese immigrants, including Doizaki’s family, moved in with many replacing Chinese workers in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983937\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/8A450199-F2F2-4509-AAE8-C6ED1F7A34D1_1_105_c_qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morgan Doizaki stands outside his family business, Central Fish Company, in Fresno’s Chinatown on March 26, 2024. Doizaki’s family has run the shop since 1950. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Morgan Doizaki)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Doizaki’s great-grandpa first moved from Japan to Fowler, a small rural town south of Fresno, in 1898. He and his family relocated to Fresno’s Chinatown years later and began creating a life there — until World War II when Japanese immigrants were forced into internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doizaki’s family was one of the few that was able to rebuild and maintain a business in the area. Over time, Fresno’s Chinatown would become home to 11 different cultures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had our ups and downs, but we’re starting to see improvements,” Doizaki said of his neighborhood. ” High-speed rail definitely has helped put a lot of focus into Chinatown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Chinatown revitalization\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The High-Speed Rail Authority estimates it will spend more than \u003ca href=\"https://hsr.ca.gov/2023/06/28/news-release-high-speed-rail-authority-receives-20-million-from-federal-government-to-revitalize-historic-fresno-train-depot/#:~:text=NEWS%20RELEASE%3A%E2%80%8B%20High%2DSpeed,Revitalize%20Historic%20Fresno%20Train%20Depot&text=FRESNO%2C%20Calif.\">$33 million\u003c/a> on the plaza and other early work near the new station — an investment that’s also prompting city officials to get in on the revitalization effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno City Council members recently approved a $10 million contract, with funding from the \u003ca href=\"https://sgc.ca.gov/grant-programs/tcc/\">Transforming Climate Communities Program\u003c/a>, to construct median islands with greenery and new sidewalks, as well as install street lights with Chinese lanterns to honor the neighborhood’s culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11983940\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/2024_01-Fresno.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2024 rendering of the high-speed rail station in Fresno. \u003ccite>(Courtesy California High-Speed Rail Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the last year, the city has opened an apartment building with \u003ca href=\"https://fresnohousing.org/properties/the-monarch-chinatown/\">57 affordable units\u003c/a> just three blocks from the Chinatown station. Councilmember Miguel Arias, who represents the district, said the city has also acquired old motels and historic buildings that will eventually be converted into market-rate and affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a responsibility to these communities to not allow the next modern transit system to continue that historical redlining because the freeway system, the train system fundamentally killed Chinatown,” Arias said. “Our goal is to have about half a dozen housing projects be opened or in the final stages of construction by 2026.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"central-valley"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But housing advocates said building more is just one piece of a much larger puzzle. Marisa Moraza, a campaign director with Power California, said the city needs to ensure that all this new development does not price out tenants and business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that, she’s advocating for the city to impose a rent cap, increase tenant protections and institute a new oversight board to oversee these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Department of Housing and Community Development has mandated that Fresno build nearly \u003ca href=\"https://fresnocog.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FCOG_RHNP_Public_Review_Final_November_2022_Compiled.pdf\">37,000 new homes and apartments\u003c/a> by 2031 as part of California’s broader goal to construct \u003ca href=\"https://statewide-housing-plan-cahcd.hub.arcgis.com/\">2.5 million homes\u003c/a> in that time. And in a \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eZOB6B6RPRgSnWfKu27p8iYwbPij2vaU/view?usp=sharing\">letter to the city\u003c/a> (PDF), the department recommended it listen and incorporate comments from community groups, such as Power California, as it plans for its share of that new housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to continue to see the city of Fresno grow,” Moraza said. “However, we want to ensure that we are not increasing displacement in downtown and in southwest Fresno as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Doizaki, whose family business has been in Chinatown since 1950, he hopes the city and businesses can work together to provide enough housing for residents with a healthy range of incomes and backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the plans that I’m seeing right now is to fill Chinatown with affordable housing. That’s not how you build a thriving community,” he said. “It’s 2024; we should be able to foresee that this is not how you treat a cultural minority district that was born through racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983907/in-fresnos-chinatown-high-speed-rail-sparks-hope-and-debate-within-residents","authors":["11895"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_1169","news_8"],"tags":["news_307","news_20290","news_311","news_23152","news_27626","news_37","news_309","news_1775","news_20202","news_20517"],"featImg":"news_11983945","label":"news_72"},"news_11983878":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983878","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983878","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fresnos-chinatown-neighborhood-to-see-big-changes-from-high-speed-rail","title":"Fresno's Chinatown Neighborhood To See Big Changes From High Speed Rail","publishDate":1713969364,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Fresno’s Chinatown Neighborhood To See Big Changes From High Speed Rail | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>High Speed Rail Offers Hope, Concerns For One Fresno Neighborhood\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For many Californians, the idea of High Speed Rail becoming a reality, is well just an idea. But in Fresno, where one of the first stations will be built, some residents see the rail system as a lifeline.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Madi Bolanos, The California Report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Protests Over War In Gaza Grow At College Campuses\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cal Poly Humboldt has shut down its campus, after students occupied a building on campus. And a protest encampment continues to grow at UC Berkeley, as students voice their concerns about the war in Gaza, and universities investing in companies that benefit Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713969364,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":109},"headData":{"title":"Fresno's Chinatown Neighborhood To See Big Changes From High Speed Rail | KQED","description":"High Speed Rail Offers Hope, Concerns For One Fresno Neighborhood For many Californians, the idea of High Speed Rail becoming a reality, is well just an idea. But in Fresno, where one of the first stations will be built, some residents see the rail system as a lifeline. Reporter: Madi Bolanos, The California Report Protests Over War In Gaza Grow At College Campuses Cal Poly Humboldt has shut down its campus, after students occupied a building on campus. And a protest encampment continues to grow at UC Berkeley, as students voice their concerns about the war in Gaza, and universities","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Fresno's Chinatown Neighborhood To See Big Changes From High Speed Rail","datePublished":"2024-04-24T14:36:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-24T14:36:04.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Morning Report","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrarchive/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC6905300993.mp3?updated=1713969415","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983878/fresnos-chinatown-neighborhood-to-see-big-changes-from-high-speed-rail","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>High Speed Rail Offers Hope, Concerns For One Fresno Neighborhood\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For many Californians, the idea of High Speed Rail becoming a reality, is well just an idea. But in Fresno, where one of the first stations will be built, some residents see the rail system as a lifeline.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Madi Bolanos, The California Report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Protests Over War In Gaza Grow At College Campuses\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cal Poly Humboldt has shut down its campus, after students occupied a building on campus. And a protest encampment continues to grow at UC Berkeley, as students voice their concerns about the war in Gaza, and universities investing in companies that benefit Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983878/fresnos-chinatown-neighborhood-to-see-big-changes-from-high-speed-rail","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21998","news_21268"],"featImg":"news_11983879","label":"source_news_11983878"},"forum_2010101905488":{"type":"posts","id":"forum_2010101905488","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"forum","id":"2010101905488","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"rainn-wilson-from-the-office-on-why-we-need-a-spiritual-revolution","title":"Rainn Wilson from ‘The Office’ on Why We Need a Spiritual Revolution","publishDate":1713993655,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Rainn Wilson from ‘The Office’ on Why We Need a Spiritual Revolution | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"forum"},"content":"\u003cp>You’d be forgiven for associating Rainn Wilson primarily with Dwight Schrute, the overbearing, mansplaining geek on “The Office.” And in his bestselling book “Soul Boom” the three-time Emmy Award-nominated actor acknowledges the connection: “Why is the beet-farming, paper-selling, tangentially Amish man-baby with the giant forehead and short-sleeved mustard shirts writing about the meaning of life?” But then again, why wouldn’t he be curious? Wilson joins us to talk about his own journey with faith, why big philosophical questions make life worth living and why we need what he calls a “spiritual revolution.” And we’ll also hear why he thinks “The Office” is such a cultural mainstay, informing TV mockumentary trends, cringe humor and Gen Z artists like Billie Eilish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714079986,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":143},"headData":{"title":"Rainn Wilson from ‘The Office’ on Why We Need a Spiritual Revolution | KQED","description":"You’d be forgiven for associating Rainn Wilson primarily with Dwight Schrute, the overbearing, mansplaining geek on “The Office.” And in his bestselling book “Soul Boom” the three-time Emmy Award-nominated actor acknowledges the connection: “Why is the beet-farming, paper-selling, tangentially Amish man-baby with the giant forehead and short-sleeved mustard shirts writing about the meaning of life?” But then again, why wouldn’t he be curious? Wilson joins us to talk about his own journey with faith, why big philosophical questions make life worth living and why we need what he calls a “spiritual revolution.” And we’ll also hear why he thinks “The","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Rainn Wilson from ‘The Office’ on Why We Need a Spiritual Revolution","datePublished":"2024-04-24T21:20:55.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T21:19:46.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/pdst.fm/e/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC2486412883.mp3?updated=1714078871","airdate":1714064400,"forumGuests":[{"name":"Rainn Wilson","bio":"actor who played Dwight Schrute on the TV show, \"The Office.\" His most recent book is \"Soul Boom: Why We Need a Spiritual Revolution.\""}],"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/forum/2010101905488/rainn-wilson-from-the-office-on-why-we-need-a-spiritual-revolution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You’d be forgiven for associating Rainn Wilson primarily with Dwight Schrute, the overbearing, mansplaining geek on “The Office.” And in his bestselling book “Soul Boom” the three-time Emmy Award-nominated actor acknowledges the connection: “Why is the beet-farming, paper-selling, tangentially Amish man-baby with the giant forehead and short-sleeved mustard shirts writing about the meaning of life?” But then again, why wouldn’t he be curious? Wilson joins us to talk about his own journey with faith, why big philosophical questions make life worth living and why we need what he calls a “spiritual revolution.” And we’ll also hear why he thinks “The Office” is such a cultural mainstay, informing TV mockumentary trends, cringe humor and Gen Z artists like Billie Eilish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/forum/2010101905488/rainn-wilson-from-the-office-on-why-we-need-a-spiritual-revolution","authors":["243"],"categories":["forum_165"],"featImg":"forum_2010101905489","label":"forum"},"news_11983995":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983995","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983995","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"is-california-headed-for-another-tax-revolt","title":"Is California Headed For Another Tax Revolt?","publishDate":1714054687,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Is California Headed For Another Tax Revolt? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Tax Fight A Battle In Sacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle lines are being drawn in what could be a huge fight over taxes in California this November. Those fights are playing out on the ballot and in court. The state could be headed for another “tax revolt” like the one that ushered in Proposition 13.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Nicole Nixon, CapRadio\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Bill Would Give Striking Workers Unemployment Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California lawmakers have reintroduced a bill that would make workers on strike for more than two weeks eligible for unemployment insurance benefits. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero, KQED \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714054687,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":97},"headData":{"title":"Is California Headed For Another Tax Revolt? | KQED","description":"Tax Fight A Battle In Sacramento Battle lines are being drawn in what could be a huge fight over taxes in California this November. Those fights are playing out on the ballot and in court. The state could be headed for another “tax revolt” like the one that ushered in Proposition 13. Reporter: Nicole Nixon, CapRadio Bill Would Give Striking Workers Unemployment Benefits California lawmakers have reintroduced a bill that would make workers on strike for more than two weeks eligible for unemployment insurance benefits. Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero, KQED ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Is California Headed For Another Tax Revolt?","datePublished":"2024-04-25T14:18:07.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-25T14:18:07.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"Morning Report","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrarchive/","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chrt.fm/track/G6C7C3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC7738356060.mp3?updated=1714054753","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983995/is-california-headed-for-another-tax-revolt","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Tax Fight A Battle In Sacramento\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle lines are being drawn in what could be a huge fight over taxes in California this November. Those fights are playing out on the ballot and in court. The state could be headed for another “tax revolt” like the one that ushered in Proposition 13.\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Nicole Nixon, CapRadio\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Bill Would Give Striking Workers Unemployment Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California lawmakers have reintroduced a bill that would make workers on strike for more than two weeks eligible for unemployment insurance benefits. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero, KQED \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983995/is-california-headed-for-another-tax-revolt","authors":["236"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_21291"],"tags":["news_21998","news_21268"],"featImg":"news_11983996","label":"source_news_11983995"},"news_11983850":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983850","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983850","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-less-homework-stress-make-california-students-happier","title":"Will Less Homework Stress Make California Students Happier?","publishDate":1713956456,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Will Less Homework Stress Make California Students Happier? | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":18481,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>Some bills before California’s Legislature don’t come from passionate policy advocates or powerful interest groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the inspiration comes from a family car ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While campaigning two years ago, Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/pilar-schiavo-5510\">Pilar Schiavo\u003c/a>’s daughter, then 9, asked from the backseat what her mother could do if she won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiavo answered that she’d be able to make laws. Then, her daughter Sofia asked if she could make a law banning homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a kind of a joke,” the Santa Clarita Valley Democrat said in an interview, “though I’m sure she’d be happy if homework were banned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the conversation got Schiavo thinking, she said. And while \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2999?slug=CA_202320240AB2999\">Assembly Bill 2999\u003c/a> — which faces its first big test on Wednesday — is far from a ban on homework, it would require school districts, county offices of education and charter schools to develop guidelines for K–12 students. It would urge schools to be more intentional about “good” or meaningful homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, the guidelines should consider students’ physical health, how long assignments take, and how effective they are. However, the bill’s main concern is mental health and when homework adds stress to students’ daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homework’s impact on happiness is partly why Schiavo brought up the proposal last month during \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/03/happiness-california-legislature/\">the first meeting of the Legislature’s select committee on happiness\u003c/a>, led by former Assembly Speaker \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/anthony-rendon-120?_gl=1*186p1dm*_ga*MTM0NTExODk4NS4xNjkwMzA5NjYy*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTcxMzg1MzY3OS45MzYuMS4xNzEzODU2ODUzLjU4LjAuMA..*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTcxMzg1Njg1MS4xMDAzLjAuMTcxMzg1Njg1MS4wLjAuMA..\">Anthony Rendon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"mindshift_62400,mindshift_63052\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“This feeling of loneliness and disconnection — I know when my kid is not feeling connected,” Schiavo, a member of the happiness committee, told CalMatters. “It’s when she’s alone in her room (doing homework), not playing with her cousin, not having dinner with her family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill analysis cites a survey of 15,000 California high schoolers from Challenge Success, a nonprofit affiliated with the Stanford Graduate School of Education. It found that 45% said homework was a major source of stress and that 52% considered most assignments to be busywork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://challengesuccess.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Challenge-Success-Homework-White-Paper-2020.pdf\">organization also reported in 2020\u003c/a> that students with higher workloads reported “symptoms of exhaustion and lower rates of sleep” but that spending more time on homework did not necessarily lead to higher test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homework’s potential to also widen inequities is why Casey Cuny supports the measure. Cuny, an English and mythology teacher at Valencia High School and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr23/yr23rel81.asp\">2024’s California Teacher of the Year\u003c/a>, said language barriers, unreliable home internet, family responsibilities or other outside factors may contribute to a student falling behind on homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never want a kid’s grade to be low because they have divorced parents, and their book was at their dad’s house when they were spending the weekend at mom’s house,” said Cuny, who plans to attend a press conference Wednesday to promote the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, as technology makes it easier for students to cheat — using artificial technology or chat threads to lift answers, for example — Schiavo said that the educators she has spoken to indicate they’re moving towards more in-class assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuny agrees that an emphasis on classwork does help to rein in cheating and allows him to give students immediate feedback. “I feel that I should teach them what I need to teach them when I’m with them in the room,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983855\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2-.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983855\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2-.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a table facing a woman and man seated at a larger table with microphones attached.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2-.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Select Committee On Happiness And Public Policy Outcomes listen to speakers during an informational hearing at the California Capitol in Sacramento on March 12, 2024. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bill said the local homework policies should have input from teachers, parents, school counselors, social workers and students; be distributed at the beginning of every school year; and be reevaluated every five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly Committee on Education is expected to hear the bill Wednesday. Schiavo said she has received bipartisan support, and so far, no official opposition or support has been listed in the bill analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she acknowledges that, if passed, the measure’s provision for parental input may lead to disagreements given the recent \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/culture-wars-california-schools/\">culture war disputes\u003c/a> between Democratic officials and parental rights groups backed by some Republican lawmakers. “I’m sure there will be lively (school) board meetings,” Schiavo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, she hopes the proposal will overhaul the discussion around homework and mental health. The bill is especially pertinent now that the state is also poised to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/06/mental-health-funding-2/\">cut spending on mental health services for children\u003c/a> with the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-voter-guide-2024/prop-1-mental-health/\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiavo said the mother of a student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder told her that the child’s struggle to finish homework had raised issues inside the house, as well as with the school’s principal and teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m just like, it’s sixth grade!” Schaivo said. “What’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A bill from a member of the Legislature’s happiness committee would require schools to develop homework policies that consider the mental and physical strain on students.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713912168,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":848},"headData":{"title":"Will Less Homework Stress Make California Students Happier? | KQED","description":"A bill from a member of the Legislature’s happiness committee would require schools to develop homework policies that consider the mental and physical strain on students.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Will Less Homework Stress Make California Students Happier?","datePublished":"2024-04-24T11:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-23T22:42:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Lynn La\u003cbr>CalMatters\u003c/br>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983850/will-less-homework-stress-make-california-students-happier","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some bills before California’s Legislature don’t come from passionate policy advocates or powerful interest groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, the inspiration comes from a family car ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While campaigning two years ago, Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/pilar-schiavo-5510\">Pilar Schiavo\u003c/a>’s daughter, then 9, asked from the backseat what her mother could do if she won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiavo answered that she’d be able to make laws. Then, her daughter Sofia asked if she could make a law banning homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a kind of a joke,” the Santa Clarita Valley Democrat said in an interview, “though I’m sure she’d be happy if homework were banned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the conversation got Schiavo thinking, she said. And while \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2999?slug=CA_202320240AB2999\">Assembly Bill 2999\u003c/a> — which faces its first big test on Wednesday — is far from a ban on homework, it would require school districts, county offices of education and charter schools to develop guidelines for K–12 students. It would urge schools to be more intentional about “good” or meaningful homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, the guidelines should consider students’ physical health, how long assignments take, and how effective they are. However, the bill’s main concern is mental health and when homework adds stress to students’ daily lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homework’s impact on happiness is partly why Schiavo brought up the proposal last month during \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/03/happiness-california-legislature/\">the first meeting of the Legislature’s select committee on happiness\u003c/a>, led by former Assembly Speaker \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/legislators/anthony-rendon-120?_gl=1*186p1dm*_ga*MTM0NTExODk4NS4xNjkwMzA5NjYy*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTcxMzg1MzY3OS45MzYuMS4xNzEzODU2ODUzLjU4LjAuMA..*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTcxMzg1Njg1MS4xMDAzLjAuMTcxMzg1Njg1MS4wLjAuMA..\">Anthony Rendon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"mindshift_62400,mindshift_63052","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This feeling of loneliness and disconnection — I know when my kid is not feeling connected,” Schiavo, a member of the happiness committee, told CalMatters. “It’s when she’s alone in her room (doing homework), not playing with her cousin, not having dinner with her family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill analysis cites a survey of 15,000 California high schoolers from Challenge Success, a nonprofit affiliated with the Stanford Graduate School of Education. It found that 45% said homework was a major source of stress and that 52% considered most assignments to be busywork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://challengesuccess.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Challenge-Success-Homework-White-Paper-2020.pdf\">organization also reported in 2020\u003c/a> that students with higher workloads reported “symptoms of exhaustion and lower rates of sleep” but that spending more time on homework did not necessarily lead to higher test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homework’s potential to also widen inequities is why Casey Cuny supports the measure. Cuny, an English and mythology teacher at Valencia High School and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr23/yr23rel81.asp\">2024’s California Teacher of the Year\u003c/a>, said language barriers, unreliable home internet, family responsibilities or other outside factors may contribute to a student falling behind on homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never want a kid’s grade to be low because they have divorced parents, and their book was at their dad’s house when they were spending the weekend at mom’s house,” said Cuny, who plans to attend a press conference Wednesday to promote the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, as technology makes it easier for students to cheat — using artificial technology or chat threads to lift answers, for example — Schiavo said that the educators she has spoken to indicate they’re moving towards more in-class assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuny agrees that an emphasis on classwork does help to rein in cheating and allows him to give students immediate feedback. “I feel that I should teach them what I need to teach them when I’m with them in the room,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11983855\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2-.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11983855\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2-.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a table facing a woman and man seated at a larger table with microphones attached.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2-.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/031224-Happiness-Committee-FG-CM-2--1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Select Committee On Happiness And Public Policy Outcomes listen to speakers during an informational hearing at the California Capitol in Sacramento on March 12, 2024. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bill said the local homework policies should have input from teachers, parents, school counselors, social workers and students; be distributed at the beginning of every school year; and be reevaluated every five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly Committee on Education is expected to hear the bill Wednesday. Schiavo said she has received bipartisan support, and so far, no official opposition or support has been listed in the bill analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she acknowledges that, if passed, the measure’s provision for parental input may lead to disagreements given the recent \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/culture-wars-california-schools/\">culture war disputes\u003c/a> between Democratic officials and parental rights groups backed by some Republican lawmakers. “I’m sure there will be lively (school) board meetings,” Schiavo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, she hopes the proposal will overhaul the discussion around homework and mental health. The bill is especially pertinent now that the state is also poised to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/06/mental-health-funding-2/\">cut spending on mental health services for children\u003c/a> with the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-voter-guide-2024/prop-1-mental-health/\">Proposition 1\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiavo said the mother of a student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder told her that the child’s struggle to finish homework had raised issues inside the house, as well as with the school’s principal and teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m just like, it’s sixth grade!” Schaivo said. “What’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983850/will-less-homework-stress-make-california-students-happier","authors":["byline_news_11983850"],"categories":["news_18540","news_8"],"tags":["news_32580","news_27626","news_28683","news_2998","news_3457","news_6387"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11983856","label":"news_18481"},"news_11983846":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983846","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983846","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"state-prisons-offset-new-inmate-wage-hikes-by-cutting-hours-for-some-workers","title":"State Prisons Offset New Inmate Wage Hikes by Cutting Hours for Some Workers","publishDate":1713909559,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State Prisons Offset New Inmate Wage Hikes by Cutting Hours for Some Workers | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>California prison officials recently boosted wages for tens of thousands of incarcerated workers. Most, however, will still make less than $1 per hour, and many may not see an increase in total earnings because their hours will be cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pay rates now generally range from $0.16 to $0.74 per hour, depending on skill levels, double the previous decades-old rate, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/regulations/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2024/04/Inmate-Pay_Approval.pdf\">new regulations\u003c/a> that went into effect on April 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase is intended to incentivize incarcerated people to take jobs for their own rehabilitation, said the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, which also eliminated all unpaid job assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New wages will also help workers meet restitution payments for crime victims and save more money in preparation for release,” Tessa Outhyse, a CDCR spokesperson, said in a statement. “In addition to a paycheck, work assignments build technical and social skills, instill accountability and responsibility, and prepare incarcerated people for careers after release.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 39,000 incarcerated people have job assignments in state prisons, doing everything from construction and maintenance to custodial and food services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,200 incarcerated firefighters, who are on a separate pay scale, will also now make anywhere from $5.80 to $10.24 a day, a significant increase over the previous daily range of $2.90 to $5.13. Cal Fire also pays an additional $1 per hour for crews battling active fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more on California prisons\" tag=\"cdcr\"]However, an overall pay increase may not materialize for many incarcerated workers. Outhyse confirmed that as CDCR boosts wages, it also plans to reduce up to three-quarters of its full-time job offerings to half-time — although it said it is “not conducting a wholesale reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR is exploring the introduction of some flexibility in this area to accommodate institution budget requirements as well as the possibility of increasing inmates’ flexibility to participate in rehabilitative program assignments,” the agency wrote in response to public comment concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prisoner rights advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967728/california-prison-officials-aim-to-raise-hourly-minimum-wage-to-at-least-16-cents\">pushed for a much higher pay increase\u003c/a>, one closer to California’s minimum wage of $16 an hour, without reductions in full-time jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Hutt, an attorney with the Prison Law Office, said the new wages are not setting up people in custody to succeed when released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By paying people a slave wage right now, they are all but ensuring that people are going to end up in poverty once they leave custody,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, CDCR often \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/family-resources/send-money/\">deducts up to 55%\u003c/a> of an incarcerated workers’ wages for administrative costs and restitution fees for crime victims, Hutt added, further reducing their net pay and ability to purchase canteen items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when you don’t consider the fact that so many of these workers are actually not going to receive any pay increase because they’re being forced from full-time to half-time, the minimum pay raise is just so ridiculously low,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Starting this month, pay rates will now generally range from $0.16 to $0.74 per hour, double the previous decades-old rate. But many full-time jobs will be cut to half-time.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713910120,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":503},"headData":{"title":"State Prisons Offset New Inmate Wage Hikes by Cutting Hours for Some Workers | KQED","description":"Starting this month, pay rates will now generally range from $0.16 to $0.74 per hour, double the previous decades-old rate. But many full-time jobs will be cut to half-time.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"State Prisons Offset New Inmate Wage Hikes by Cutting Hours for Some Workers","datePublished":"2024-04-23T21:59:19.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-23T22:08:40.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"sticky":false,"WpOldSlug":"state-prisons-offset-new-inmate-wage-hikes-by-cutting-hours-for-workers","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983846/state-prisons-offset-new-inmate-wage-hikes-by-cutting-hours-for-some-workers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California prison officials recently boosted wages for tens of thousands of incarcerated workers. Most, however, will still make less than $1 per hour, and many may not see an increase in total earnings because their hours will be cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pay rates now generally range from $0.16 to $0.74 per hour, depending on skill levels, double the previous decades-old rate, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/regulations/wp-content/uploads/sites/171/2024/04/Inmate-Pay_Approval.pdf\">new regulations\u003c/a> that went into effect on April 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase is intended to incentivize incarcerated people to take jobs for their own rehabilitation, said the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, which also eliminated all unpaid job assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“New wages will also help workers meet restitution payments for crime victims and save more money in preparation for release,” Tessa Outhyse, a CDCR spokesperson, said in a statement. “In addition to a paycheck, work assignments build technical and social skills, instill accountability and responsibility, and prepare incarcerated people for careers after release.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 39,000 incarcerated people have job assignments in state prisons, doing everything from construction and maintenance to custodial and food services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,200 incarcerated firefighters, who are on a separate pay scale, will also now make anywhere from $5.80 to $10.24 a day, a significant increase over the previous daily range of $2.90 to $5.13. Cal Fire also pays an additional $1 per hour for crews battling active fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more on California prisons ","tag":"cdcr"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>However, an overall pay increase may not materialize for many incarcerated workers. Outhyse confirmed that as CDCR boosts wages, it also plans to reduce up to three-quarters of its full-time job offerings to half-time — although it said it is “not conducting a wholesale reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR is exploring the introduction of some flexibility in this area to accommodate institution budget requirements as well as the possibility of increasing inmates’ flexibility to participate in rehabilitative program assignments,” the agency wrote in response to public comment concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prisoner rights advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967728/california-prison-officials-aim-to-raise-hourly-minimum-wage-to-at-least-16-cents\">pushed for a much higher pay increase\u003c/a>, one closer to California’s minimum wage of $16 an hour, without reductions in full-time jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Hutt, an attorney with the Prison Law Office, said the new wages are not setting up people in custody to succeed when released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By paying people a slave wage right now, they are all but ensuring that people are going to end up in poverty once they leave custody,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, CDCR often \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/family-resources/send-money/\">deducts up to 55%\u003c/a> of an incarcerated workers’ wages for administrative costs and restitution fees for crime victims, Hutt added, further reducing their net pay and ability to purchase canteen items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when you don’t consider the fact that so many of these workers are actually not going to receive any pay increase because they’re being forced from full-time to half-time, the minimum pay raise is just so ridiculously low,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983846/state-prisons-offset-new-inmate-wage-hikes-by-cutting-hours-for-some-workers","authors":["8659"],"categories":["news_8"],"tags":["news_26658","news_616","news_1629","news_17725","news_27626"],"featImg":"news_11983401","label":"news"},"news_11983885":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11983885","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11983885","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-empowers-users-with-online-privacy-tools-amid-data-sales-concerns","title":"Worried About Data Brokers in California? Here’s How to Protect Yourself Online","publishDate":1713985235,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Worried About Data Brokers in California? Here’s How to Protect Yourself Online | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you visited a Planned Parenthood in the continental United States in the past few years, then the company Near Intelligence, a data broker, probably knew it — and may have \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/antiabortion-group-used-cellphone-data-to-target-ads-to-planned-parenthood-visitors-446c1212\">sold that information to anti-abortion activists\u003c/a>. If you attended certain houses of worship or patronized particular pharmacies, the data broker known as Outlogic allegedly sold that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near Intelligence \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/privacy/2024/02/23/what-happens-to-your-sensitive-data-when-a-data-broker-goes-bankrupt\">filed for bankruptcy\u003c/a> in December. Outlogic agreed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/X-ModeSocialDecisionandOrder.pdf\">settlement\u003c/a> with the Federal Trade Commission to stop selling user location data while insisting regulators had found \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/ftc-reaches-first-settlement-banning-location-data-tracking\">“no misuse of any data.”\u003c/a> Both were among nearly 90 companies on the latest version of the \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/data_broker_registry/\">California data broker registry\u003c/a> that self-reported selling data about where people are or have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time this year, California requires data brokers — companies that knowingly collect and sell consumer’s data to third parties — to report if they collect location data. New state transparency requirements that kicked in this year also revealed that roughly two dozen companies collect personal data about children, and about a dozen collect reproductive health data about people who are pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do data brokers somewhere have data about you? Almost certainly. Almost everywhere you go on your digital journey will collect traces of information about you. If you’ve been on the internet in the past few years, you’ve probably seen a bunch of notices asking if it’s okay for the website you’re on to collect your “cookies” — information that allows the website to remember you, essentially. Some apps on your phone may track your location. It’s hard to precisely say what information about you is where because there are so many variables — your privacy settings, the sites you visit, what you buy and from whom, etc. — but data brokers are in the business of finding, collecting, and selling that data to other businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brokers sell your web activity and other personal information to companies that may target advertising to you\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>or make important decisions about your life, such as \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/locked-out/2020/05/28/access-denied-faulty-automated-background-checks-freeze-out-renters\">whether you get an apartment\u003c/a>, whether your activity is \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/pondera-surveillance/\">labeled fraudulent\u003c/a>, or how \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/technology/carmakers-driver-tracking-insurance.html\">insurance companies treat you\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The market is largely unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling data about people is the cornerstone of the modern internet economy, powering targeted advertising based on insights gleaned from personal data. Media investment company GroupM forecasted $258 billion in digital advertising revenue this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give people visibility into who sells their data for profit, four years ago, California started requiring data brokers to register once a year. Since then, a new registry has come out each year based on those submissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest registry debuted one month ago with more detailed information and is now maintained by a relatively new state agency. A law passed last fall introduces new consumer rights and more stringent requirements for brokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some important things to know:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can data brokers harm you or your loved ones?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Data brokers can sell data to bad actors, ranging from scam artists to adversarial foreign governments. In testimony to a congressional committee one year ago, Georgetown Law Center associate professor Laura Moy said data brokers selling information to law enforcement agencies could amount to a violation of the Fourth Amendment right to live free from unreasonable search and seizure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Beijing to Brussels to Washington D.C. and U.S. state capitals, government regulators are creating registries and business reporting rules to prevent privacy violations or harmful forms of artificial intelligence. Privacy advocates have urged the creation of a national data broker registry with the Federal Trade Commission for years, but no such registry exists yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who protects my privacy rights?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California voters passed a ballot measure in 2020 that gives consumers the right to access information collected about them, delete or modify that information, or tell a broker they cannot sell or share that information. Consumers can initiate the process by emailing the point of contact \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/data_broker_registry/\">listed on the registry website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, they must present a copy of their ID, like a driver’s license, to prove who they are. Consumers and people under 18 can also work with an authorized agent, someone who makes data deletion requests on their behalf. Companies like Transcend and nonprofit organizations like Consumer Reports offer consumer data deletion services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To enforce these rights, the ballot measure created the California Privacy Protection Agency and a five-member board to govern its activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies that buy, sell, or share the personal data of at least 100,000 Californians or get a majority of annual revenue from selling data are required to comply with the consumer privacy law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s new?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most recent changes to California’s data broker registry — which took effect in January — require brokers to disclose whether they sell data about children, pregnant people, or anyone’s geolocation data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, relatively soon — at the speed at which state governments operate — consumers should be able to delete data collected about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, consumers must go to hundreds of data brokers one at a time if they want them to delete their data.[aside postID=news_11947039 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS40986_iStock-1170728885-qut-1020x680.jpg']Last fall, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb362?slug=CA_202320240SB362\">the Delete Act\u003c/a> giving consumers a way to delete data from all registered brokers by using a single tool or website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law — authored by state Sen. Josh Becker, a Democrat from Menlo Park — the state’s privacy agency must launch a website by 2026 that allows Californians to delete their data in 30 seconds or less. The Delete Act doubles the cost if data brokers fail to register to $200 a day, as well as the costs associated with an action brought by the state attorney general. By 2028, audits must verify that data brokers are complying with the Delete Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other major change is that the Delete Act requires brokers to delete any information they collect about a consumer, not just information shared directly from a consumer, closing what privacy advocates called a crucial loophole that existed in the right to delete granted to consumers under the California Consumer Privacy Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also shifts responsibility for maintaining the registry from the Department of Justice to the California Privacy Protection Agency. That means that the power to determine which companies fail to register and comply with state privacy law or the Delete Act is decided by enforcement officers within that privacy agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s up to the agency to decide whether companies should register as data brokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The enforcement division has received more than 1,200 complaints from July 2023 to February 2024, according to a staff update \u003ca href=\"https://www.cppa.ca.gov/meetings/materials/20240308_item6_enforcement_update.pdf\">last month\u003c/a>. The majority of those complaints concern the right to delete data collected about individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is California’s data broker registry comprehensive?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since data brokers do not have a direct relationship with consumers, most people have never heard of companies that buy and sell data. But the registry is not comprehensive, not yet at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The registry that launched March 1 includes roughly 450 businesses and email points of contact. Brokers were required to register by Jan. 31, but in a meeting held in February, privacy protection agency attorney Liz Travis Allen warned: “If you look at the whole universe of every data broker, we don’t have that list. But that would be something we can enforce on, to figure out who isn’t registered and should be.”[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='privacy']The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/data-brokers\">2023 registry maintained by the state Justice Department\u003c/a> listed 550 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy Rights Clearinghouse head of privacy Emory Roane was a co-sponsor of the Delete Act. He said it’s “really cool” that the privacy protection agency data broker registry illuminates metrics you couldn’t see before, like the number of companies that track your location or collect data about kids and people who are pregnant or that the credit score agency Experian collects all three. But he said the registry is incomplete. The state of Vermont defines a data broker the same way as California, also \u003ca href=\"https://sos.vermont.gov/corporations/other-services/data-brokers/\">maintains a data broker registry\u003c/a>, and created its registry around the same time as California, but it lists 660 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That discrepancy “suggests that there is a problem with non-registered data brokers,” he told CalMatters in an email. “As to how many brokers aren’t registered, well, that’s anyone’s guess. It could be dozens, hundreds, or even thousands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A January \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/electronics/privacy/each-facebook-user-is-monitored-by-thousands-of-companies-a5824207467/#:~:text=Using%20a%20panel%20of%20709,to%20Facebook%20by%202%2C230%20companies.\">Consumer Reports study\u003c/a> involving nearly 700 volunteers who shared the data Meta collects about them on Facebook and Instagram found that more than 2,220 companies track the average person.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I tell a data broker to delete my data?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Each company maintains its own privacy policy, but deleting the data it collects on you can be as simple as sending an email to the broker, whose contact email is listed on the registry. California law requires the broker to respond within 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also use third-party tools like \u003ca href=\"https://permissionslipcr.com/\">the Permission Slip app\u003c/a> to tell data brokers to delete your data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brokers must detail how to delete or modify data in a privacy policy listed on their website. If a business fails to act within 90 days, you can \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/webapplications/complaint\">file a complaint\u003c/a> with California’s privacy protection agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To quickly view the complete list of companies that sell kids data, reproductive health data, or geolocation data, toggle the arrow buttons at the top of the screen on California’s online registry site.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do I delete data collected about my kid?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A parent or guardian who wishes to make a deletion request on a child’s behalf may follow the same steps necessary for any other Californian, but a business may require them to verify their identity with a government-issued ID card or phone or video call with a trained professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s next in California?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s privacy protection agency is already developing a single-click data deletion option. The enforcement division will contact companies they believe should be part of the registry or face fines, fees, or legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How aggressive will California’s consumer privacy agency be? One test is how frequently it issues fines and fees for brokers who fail to register. Privacy Protection Agency deputy director of external affairs, Megan White, wouldn’t say when enforcement officers will contact companies that they determined must register as data brokers and are in violation of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roane said he hopes for and expects “eager enforcers more vigilantly holding non-registering and non-conforming data brokers to account.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, California will begin requiring data brokers to publicly report on their websites the number of requests they receive to delete, modify, or share what data they collected about individuals and the median amount of time it takes to fulfill those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"About 450 companies are on the data broker registry in California, and a law passed last year will make it easier to delete the data they collect about people.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713986671,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1880},"headData":{"title":"Worried About Data Brokers in California? Here’s How to Protect Yourself Online | KQED","description":"About 450 companies are on the data broker registry in California, and a law passed last year will make it easier to delete the data they collect about people.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Worried About Data Brokers in California? Here’s How to Protect Yourself Online","datePublished":"2024-04-24T19:00:35.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-24T19:24:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}}},"source":"CalMatters","sourceUrl":"https://calmatters.org/","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Khari Johnson, CalMatters","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11983885/california-empowers-users-with-online-privacy-tools-amid-data-sales-concerns","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you visited a Planned Parenthood in the continental United States in the past few years, then the company Near Intelligence, a data broker, probably knew it — and may have \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/antiabortion-group-used-cellphone-data-to-target-ads-to-planned-parenthood-visitors-446c1212\">sold that information to anti-abortion activists\u003c/a>. If you attended certain houses of worship or patronized particular pharmacies, the data broker known as Outlogic allegedly sold that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near Intelligence \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/privacy/2024/02/23/what-happens-to-your-sensitive-data-when-a-data-broker-goes-bankrupt\">filed for bankruptcy\u003c/a> in December. Outlogic agreed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/X-ModeSocialDecisionandOrder.pdf\">settlement\u003c/a> with the Federal Trade Commission to stop selling user location data while insisting regulators had found \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/ftc-reaches-first-settlement-banning-location-data-tracking\">“no misuse of any data.”\u003c/a> Both were among nearly 90 companies on the latest version of the \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/data_broker_registry/\">California data broker registry\u003c/a> that self-reported selling data about where people are or have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time this year, California requires data brokers — companies that knowingly collect and sell consumer’s data to third parties — to report if they collect location data. New state transparency requirements that kicked in this year also revealed that roughly two dozen companies collect personal data about children, and about a dozen collect reproductive health data about people who are pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do data brokers somewhere have data about you? Almost certainly. Almost everywhere you go on your digital journey will collect traces of information about you. If you’ve been on the internet in the past few years, you’ve probably seen a bunch of notices asking if it’s okay for the website you’re on to collect your “cookies” — information that allows the website to remember you, essentially. Some apps on your phone may track your location. It’s hard to precisely say what information about you is where because there are so many variables — your privacy settings, the sites you visit, what you buy and from whom, etc. — but data brokers are in the business of finding, collecting, and selling that data to other businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brokers sell your web activity and other personal information to companies that may target advertising to you\u003cem>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>or make important decisions about your life, such as \u003ca href=\"https://themarkup.org/locked-out/2020/05/28/access-denied-faulty-automated-background-checks-freeze-out-renters\">whether you get an apartment\u003c/a>, whether your activity is \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/pondera-surveillance/\">labeled fraudulent\u003c/a>, or how \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/technology/carmakers-driver-tracking-insurance.html\">insurance companies treat you\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The market is largely unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling data about people is the cornerstone of the modern internet economy, powering targeted advertising based on insights gleaned from personal data. Media investment company GroupM forecasted $258 billion in digital advertising revenue this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give people visibility into who sells their data for profit, four years ago, California started requiring data brokers to register once a year. Since then, a new registry has come out each year based on those submissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest registry debuted one month ago with more detailed information and is now maintained by a relatively new state agency. A law passed last fall introduces new consumer rights and more stringent requirements for brokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some important things to know:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can data brokers harm you or your loved ones?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Data brokers can sell data to bad actors, ranging from scam artists to adversarial foreign governments. In testimony to a congressional committee one year ago, Georgetown Law Center associate professor Laura Moy said data brokers selling information to law enforcement agencies could amount to a violation of the Fourth Amendment right to live free from unreasonable search and seizure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Beijing to Brussels to Washington D.C. and U.S. state capitals, government regulators are creating registries and business reporting rules to prevent privacy violations or harmful forms of artificial intelligence. Privacy advocates have urged the creation of a national data broker registry with the Federal Trade Commission for years, but no such registry exists yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who protects my privacy rights?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California voters passed a ballot measure in 2020 that gives consumers the right to access information collected about them, delete or modify that information, or tell a broker they cannot sell or share that information. Consumers can initiate the process by emailing the point of contact \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/data_broker_registry/\">listed on the registry website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, they must present a copy of their ID, like a driver’s license, to prove who they are. Consumers and people under 18 can also work with an authorized agent, someone who makes data deletion requests on their behalf. Companies like Transcend and nonprofit organizations like Consumer Reports offer consumer data deletion services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To enforce these rights, the ballot measure created the California Privacy Protection Agency and a five-member board to govern its activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies that buy, sell, or share the personal data of at least 100,000 Californians or get a majority of annual revenue from selling data are required to comply with the consumer privacy law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s new?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most recent changes to California’s data broker registry — which took effect in January — require brokers to disclose whether they sell data about children, pregnant people, or anyone’s geolocation data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, relatively soon — at the speed at which state governments operate — consumers should be able to delete data collected about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, consumers must go to hundreds of data brokers one at a time if they want them to delete their data.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11947039","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS40986_iStock-1170728885-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last fall, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb362?slug=CA_202320240SB362\">the Delete Act\u003c/a> giving consumers a way to delete data from all registered brokers by using a single tool or website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law — authored by state Sen. Josh Becker, a Democrat from Menlo Park — the state’s privacy agency must launch a website by 2026 that allows Californians to delete their data in 30 seconds or less. The Delete Act doubles the cost if data brokers fail to register to $200 a day, as well as the costs associated with an action brought by the state attorney general. By 2028, audits must verify that data brokers are complying with the Delete Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other major change is that the Delete Act requires brokers to delete any information they collect about a consumer, not just information shared directly from a consumer, closing what privacy advocates called a crucial loophole that existed in the right to delete granted to consumers under the California Consumer Privacy Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also shifts responsibility for maintaining the registry from the Department of Justice to the California Privacy Protection Agency. That means that the power to determine which companies fail to register and comply with state privacy law or the Delete Act is decided by enforcement officers within that privacy agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s up to the agency to decide whether companies should register as data brokers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The enforcement division has received more than 1,200 complaints from July 2023 to February 2024, according to a staff update \u003ca href=\"https://www.cppa.ca.gov/meetings/materials/20240308_item6_enforcement_update.pdf\">last month\u003c/a>. The majority of those complaints concern the right to delete data collected about individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is California’s data broker registry comprehensive?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since data brokers do not have a direct relationship with consumers, most people have never heard of companies that buy and sell data. But the registry is not comprehensive, not yet at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The registry that launched March 1 includes roughly 450 businesses and email points of contact. Brokers were required to register by Jan. 31, but in a meeting held in February, privacy protection agency attorney Liz Travis Allen warned: “If you look at the whole universe of every data broker, we don’t have that list. But that would be something we can enforce on, to figure out who isn’t registered and should be.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"privacy"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/data-brokers\">2023 registry maintained by the state Justice Department\u003c/a> listed 550 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy Rights Clearinghouse head of privacy Emory Roane was a co-sponsor of the Delete Act. He said it’s “really cool” that the privacy protection agency data broker registry illuminates metrics you couldn’t see before, like the number of companies that track your location or collect data about kids and people who are pregnant or that the credit score agency Experian collects all three. But he said the registry is incomplete. The state of Vermont defines a data broker the same way as California, also \u003ca href=\"https://sos.vermont.gov/corporations/other-services/data-brokers/\">maintains a data broker registry\u003c/a>, and created its registry around the same time as California, but it lists 660 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That discrepancy “suggests that there is a problem with non-registered data brokers,” he told CalMatters in an email. “As to how many brokers aren’t registered, well, that’s anyone’s guess. It could be dozens, hundreds, or even thousands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A January \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/electronics/privacy/each-facebook-user-is-monitored-by-thousands-of-companies-a5824207467/#:~:text=Using%20a%20panel%20of%20709,to%20Facebook%20by%202%2C230%20companies.\">Consumer Reports study\u003c/a> involving nearly 700 volunteers who shared the data Meta collects about them on Facebook and Instagram found that more than 2,220 companies track the average person.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I tell a data broker to delete my data?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Each company maintains its own privacy policy, but deleting the data it collects on you can be as simple as sending an email to the broker, whose contact email is listed on the registry. California law requires the broker to respond within 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also use third-party tools like \u003ca href=\"https://permissionslipcr.com/\">the Permission Slip app\u003c/a> to tell data brokers to delete your data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brokers must detail how to delete or modify data in a privacy policy listed on their website. If a business fails to act within 90 days, you can \u003ca href=\"https://cppa.ca.gov/webapplications/complaint\">file a complaint\u003c/a> with California’s privacy protection agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To quickly view the complete list of companies that sell kids data, reproductive health data, or geolocation data, toggle the arrow buttons at the top of the screen on California’s online registry site.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do I delete data collected about my kid?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A parent or guardian who wishes to make a deletion request on a child’s behalf may follow the same steps necessary for any other Californian, but a business may require them to verify their identity with a government-issued ID card or phone or video call with a trained professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s next in California?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s privacy protection agency is already developing a single-click data deletion option. The enforcement division will contact companies they believe should be part of the registry or face fines, fees, or legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How aggressive will California’s consumer privacy agency be? One test is how frequently it issues fines and fees for brokers who fail to register. Privacy Protection Agency deputy director of external affairs, Megan White, wouldn’t say when enforcement officers will contact companies that they determined must register as data brokers and are in violation of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roane said he hopes for and expects “eager enforcers more vigilantly holding non-registering and non-conforming data brokers to account.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, California will begin requiring data brokers to publicly report on their websites the number of requests they receive to delete, modify, or share what data they collected about individuals and the median amount of time it takes to fulfill those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11983885/california-empowers-users-with-online-privacy-tools-amid-data-sales-concerns","authors":["byline_news_11983885"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8","news_248"],"tags":["news_18538","news_30069","news_22844","news_22472","news_16","news_3137","news_2414","news_2125","news_4903"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11983892","label":"source_news_11983885"},"news_11738739":{"type":"posts","id":"news_11738739","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"news","id":"11738739","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sexual-assault-allegations-proven-to-be-true-against-famed-s-f-yoga-teacher","title":"Sexual Assault Allegations 'Proven to Be True' Against Famed S.F. Yoga Teacher","publishDate":1554855005,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Sexual Assault Allegations ‘Proven to Be True’ Against Famed S.F. Yoga Teacher | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":72,"site":"news"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated April 11, 2:30 p.m. with comments from survivors and experts. Reader advisory: Some accounts of sexual abuse in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting or objectionable.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman said her yoga teacher, Manouso Manos, stuck his toe into her vagina through her tights while she was in a seated pose. Another woman said he stroked her genitals while she was performing a standing yoga pose. And yet another said he put his finger in her anus through her clothing while she was in a standing pose, bent over with her head toward the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation into Manos, a prominent international yoga teacher based in San Francisco, has found that several allegations of “inappropriate sexual touching” during classroom instruction have “\u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A762b3cec-5538-4c66-b347-ee866e25eab1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proven to be true\u003c/a>,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Aef7034d1-4042-4064-80e0-5dc5577f15c3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report released\u003c/a> April 5 by the national body overseeing the Iyengar tradition in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos, a disciple of and right-hand man to the founder of Iyengar, B.K.S. Iyengar, used adjustments of yoga poses as a cover to sexually abuse students and to groom them for such acts, wrote Bernadette Sargeant, an independent investigator and Washington, D.C., lawyer hired by the Iyengar Yoga National Association of the United States (IYNAUS) to conduct the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos, through a spokesman, said last fall that he denied all allegations — past and present. “Manos emphatically denies any wrongdoing,” the spokesman said in a statement on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six women came forward to Sargeant with allegations dating from 2005 on, as well as a number of bystanders who observed sexual assault by Manos. But allegations against him date decades back, as KQED has previously reported: Four women contacted Sargeant with accusations from incidents in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"An unidentified female student who accused Manouso Manos of stroking her genitals during a pose\"]‘That touch was not okay with me. I do not know of any officially recognized genitalia adjustments in yoga.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the report’s findings, Manos can no longer use the Iyengar Yoga name or certification mark in the name of his studio or in connection with his teaching, the Iyengar family in India said in an \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A97502424-0233-4f76-b197-b09f718facd8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">April 3 email\u003c/a> that was shared by the IYNAUS board. Manos, who holds workshops across the globe and said he has taught thousands of teachers over the decades, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.manouso.com/60th-birthday-message-from-guruji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previously acknowledged by B.K.S. Iyengar\u003c/a> as one of his “elder students,” who helped to make yoga “a household subject in all of America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11690316 label=\"Original KQED #MeToo and Yoga investigation\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More women accused Manos of sexual assault after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690316/metoo-unmasks-the-open-secret-of-sexual-abuse-in-yoga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED published an investigation\u003c/a> in September 2018 in which three women accused him of groping their breasts — in 1986, 1988 and 2013 — while they were performing poses in class. He was also the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/ad65794f-8422-4f28-9a69-2259a6f5ad3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1991 expose\u003c/a> in West, a now-defunct magazine then published by the San Jose Mercury News, over alleged sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The allegations in the report are false and the conclusions are wrong,” said the spokesman for Manos, who did not want to be named. “He has never engaged in any sexually inappropriate adjustments or conduct toward students. The report demonstrates that the ‘investigation’ was anything but fair and impartial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Beloved Teacher or Sexual Predator?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unsettling portrait of one of the world’s most famous yoga masters emerged, after years of secrecy, in the investigator’s 36-page report: For some he was a beloved teacher and a guide to enlightenment, while others alleged he was a sexual predator and a schoolyard bully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report includes the stories of women who accused Manos of abusing them while they were in vulnerable yoga poses in class — either on their heads, balancing or straining in a stretch. All of the accusations from 2005 on were substantiated by Sargeant (IYNAUS was investigating allegations from 1992 on, when the organization formed; B.K.S. Iyengar had weighed in on earlier allegations from the 1980s).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the allegations include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Manos penetrated a female student’s anus with his finger through her clothing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Manos “repeatedly molested” a female student in various ways: stroking her breasts and putting his toe into her vagina through her yoga tights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Manos touched a female student’s genitals by using his hand to stroke her from her tailbone, across her vulva and toward her pubic bone.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“I only became capable of describing it this year,” the student wrote to Sargeant about the last incident, which allegedly happened in chair pose during a 2005 or 2006 workshop. “… I am telling you now because even though it happened years ago, I find my body worthy of respect. That touch was not okay with me. I do not know of any officially recognized genitalia adjustments in yoga.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another four people came forward accusing Manos of sexual assault in class during the 1980s, including genital contact and groping of breasts, but Sargeant didn’t make any findings about the alleged incidents since they occurred before 1992. And four people said they witnessed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=243.4.&lawCode=PEN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual assault\u003c/a> by Manos, such as fondling a female student’s buttock under the guise of a yoga adjustment, putting his hand on a female student’s crotch during a demonstration and putting his toe in a female student’s anal area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the end of me ever taking classes from him. I would not feel safe in his classes,” the witness, a woman identified as Person 100, said of the last incident, which occurred at the Ann Arbor YMCA in approximately 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these events are unspeakably sad and tragic,” IYNAUS said Friday in an email to its membership. “Our sincere hope is that something positive also results from them: that we will assure the highest ethical standards of our (teachers) and the complete safety of Iyengar Yoga students. We hope the wounds in our community can now heal and that we can be reunited in our devotion to the brilliant teachings of BKS Iyengar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Remski, a yoga teacher, trainer and culture critic who has written about sexual abuse in the community, said: “The results of the investigation are completely horrible and demoralizing, and as bad as everybody who gave their testimony to it probably suspected it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story is one of serial criminality over decades that was overlooked, enabled and denied,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statute of limitations in California for filing charges in cases of inappropriate touch, like what West said happened to her, is one year. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/10/02/new-law-extends-statute-of-limitations-for-sexual-assault-victims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2018\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new state law\u003c/a> extended the deadline for sexual assault survivors to file civil suits — from three years to a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11732184\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11732184\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manouso Manos speaks with KQED reporter Miranda Leitsinger after exiting a workshop he taught at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco on March 7, 2019. He resigned from IYNAUS the next day. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Student’s Allegation First Denied, Then Substantiated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS launched the independent probe into Manos after KQED published its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last September, IYNAUS’ ethics committee said in its review of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4834889-West-IYNAUS-Complaint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2013 allegation\u003c/a> by Ann West (who accused Manos of caressing her breasts during an advanced backbend pose at a San Diego workshop; her account was included in the KQED story) that it “did not find sufficient information to determine that a violation took place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in October, the IYNAUS board of directors \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Jcym1zO4N45MZvyitMCPQKwl-V_jGvYf/view?fbclid=IwAR2QOusB_d5DhWq3Sb1zlrF-C7yWbyRecN9AVqUcRbXSeBsAowdgEpGewpY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched an investigation\u003c/a> into West’s accusations against Manos — and inviting others to come forward — saying because of his “seniority and influence” in their community, “there is an appearance that the members of this committee are biased” in his favor and “cannot decide complaints against him impartially.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Sargeant said West’s allegations had been substantiated, which included that Manos had stared at her breasts during a demonstration in a 2012 weekend workshop and told her while she was in a pose that she should not wear a bra to the next day’s session, as well as groping her breasts in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Manouso Manos spokesman\"]‘The allegations in the report are false and the conclusions are wrong. … The report demonstrates that the ‘investigation’ was anything but fair and impartial.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Manos’ actions in connection with these incidents in the November 2013 workshop were deliberate not incidental and were not legitimate adjustments. They were done with the intent to sexually abuse and or arouse West or Manos himself without West’s consent,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West on Sunday said she was “jubilant” over the report’s findings but grappling with what she had been through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As for me, I am left trying to make sense of all that has transpired in this past year. I have been disbelieved, ostracized, vilified, trolled, isolated, gaslighted and denounced. I was told I must have ‘misperceived’ touch to my own body. I had intimate, private details of my personal life publicly shared. I have lost my privacy and anonymity. I have lost my community of peers. I feel angry and isolated, and have been left feeling deeply cynical,” said West in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ann.tapsellwest/posts/10218529606612500\">Facebook post\u003c/a>. A longtime teacher, she has removed herself to the outskirts of the Iyengar community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were trying to squash my voice. Other women, other fellow students, were trying to quiet me and to shut me up and to shame me,” she told KQED on Wednesday. “But I kept going because I knew what I was saying was the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the report published, West, 52, said she has received emails of support, including from a former supporter of Manos. She called for others to join her in building a “wish list of reparations” that the Iyengar leaders can make so “we can move forward together as a community in healing,” she wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10218540267439014&set=a.3994673906339&type=3&theater\">later on Facebook\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a victim … I’ve definitely found my voice and I’m not going away until I see that they’re starting to make some of these changes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fann.tapsellwest%2Fposts%2F10218540191117106&width=500\" width=\"500\" height=\"584\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After IYNAUS opened the investigation to other allegations against Manos — covering the time period from Jan. 1, 1992, to the present — the board said it received more than 150 reports from the Iyengar community between Sept. 12 (five days after the KQED investigation published) and Oct. 30. Many were supportive of Manos, while “many others made credible allegations that he has abused his position by making sexually inappropriate adjustments,” it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A881029fe-c8d6-4263-a5c2-8fc2bcf7361c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nov. 27, 2018, letter\u003c/a> to the Iyengar family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on these and other reports, we believed that there were many other individuals who would come forward if given an opportunity to do so safely and that some would allow their identities to be revealed. Finally, we also learned that rumors of such sexual misconduct by Manouso have been circulating in our community for many years,” the board wrote in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investigation Establishes a Pattern of ‘Sexual Grooming’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Melissa Hitt was thinking of taking a class with Manos as she was working toward a 500-hour-level certificate of teacher training, her teacher warned her to be careful because of what she called his history of inappropriate sexual behavior. Hitt told Sargeant she did not share what her teacher had told her with other students, treating it “as a shameful secret of our beloved community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11691888,news_11691888' label='More Coverage of #MeToo and Yoga']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hitt, 35, of Long Beach, attended between six and 12 classes taught by Manos at his San Francisco studio, \u003ca href=\"https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=01508591-25788564\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Abode of Iyengar Yoga\u003c/a>. She told Sargeant he “is a brilliant man” and that some of his instruction informed her own teaching powerfully in a positive way. (Hitt’s name was redacted in the report but she’d spoken with KQED about her story and agreed to have her name shared).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hitt never felt comfortable in his classes, partly due to his “very dominating personality” but also because of his adjustments, which included “lingering touches on her torso in a way she had not experienced with other teachers.” Then, during a class in either 2011 or 2012, Manos slapped her butt while she was in the balancing pose known as half moon, standing on one foot and using one hand for support on the ground, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My finding is that, even if those actions do not rise to the level of touching intended to sexually abuse or arouse based on a clear and convincing standard, they were not legitimate adjustments and were part of the sexual grooming that this investigation has established is a pattern for Manos,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a similar experience for a woman identified as Person 76, who said “the entire time she and others have been in workshops with Manos there has always been a lot of discussion about this sort of thing concerning him,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Ann West, whose complaint that Manouso Manos groped her breasts during a 2013 workshop triggered the independent investigation\"]‘I have been disbelieved, ostracized, vilified, trolled, isolated, gaslighted and denounced. I was told I must have ‘misperceived’ touch to my own body.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 76 told Sargeant that Manos assaulted her during a class in the early 2000s while she was in a standing pose (Prasarita Padottanasana), where the practitioner has their legs open wide and their torso folded over, with their hands and possibly head touching the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said during her interview that he ‘put his finger right into me,’ penetrating her anus,” Sargeant wrote. “He did not say anything before he put his finger inside her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said that she ‘stared him down and then finally’ he said sorry” — twice, Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 76, who considered Manos her primary teacher since 1992 and has been a certified Iyengar yoga teacher since 1999, wrote to Sargeant that she felt “shocked and infuriated” by the incident and had “never spoken about it until now.” She said she debated about whether to write in because she was certain many letters like hers would be submitted to the IYNAUS investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, like West, were unaware of these rumors until after an alleged incident occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people spoke to Sargeant in support of Manos, who declined to be interviewed by her. His lawyers alleged that the investigation was unfair, claiming Sargeant had made up her mind against him and didn’t understand the practice of Iyengar yoga, and that IYNAUS was using the “lowest standard of proof,” persuaded by the evidence and not beyond a reasonable doubt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The investigator was predisposed to reach a conclusion of wrongdoing and then set out to prove it. It is telling that there is not a single incident corroborated by an eyewitness to any of the six complaints, despite the fact that the alleged conduct occurred in a class of 30-50 students all in close proximity,” Manos’ spokesman said on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS has said that Sargeant, while not a Iyengar yoga practitioner, had interviewed or been provided the views of many expert witnesses in the community, had conducted dozens of sex abuse investigations, and had worked to ensure Manos was treated fairly in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11691086 label=\"'No Longer a Safe Space: Sexual Abuse in Yoga\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her report, \u003ca href=\"https://www.stinson.com/BernadetteSargeant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sargeant\u003c/a> said she built a system where, once allegations were substantiated, she could use them to corroborate other accusations. She also noted that though her standard was “clear and convincing evidence,” for each allegation she substantiated, she “would have made the same finding had the standard been beyond a reasonable doubt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corroborating sexual abuse allegations in yoga can be tough because other students are often in the same positions as the victim, like a backbend or forward fold with the head down, which might block their ability to see what is happening, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Someone might be surprised and wonder how this can happen in a packed workshop. An experienced teacher might easily see the times in class when others are not looking as you might be able to observe in my example,” said an unidentified woman in the report, who accused Manos of stroking her genitals at a 2005 or 2006 workshop during chair pose, when a practitioner’s head can be titled down and their arms held up straight alongside their face. “Also the hierarchical power structure of learning environments in Iyengar yoga can contribute to what people allow their selves to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Not an Accidental Touch’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yoga industry has experienced dramatic growth in the U.S.: Over 36 million people practiced nationwide in 2016, skyrocketing from 16.5 million in 2004, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogaalliance.org/Portals/0/2016%20Yoga%20in%20America%20Study%20RESULTS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yoga in America Study\u003c/a>. Yoga was a $16 billion industry in 2016, shooting up from $10 billion in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The KQED investigation found that the yoga community was struggling to rein in sexual misconduct and abuse in its ranks. Some experts believe the lack of oversight of teachers and schools — yoga instructors aren’t licensed in the U.S.; no state agency, such as a medical board, oversees, disciplines or investigates them — is adding to the problems of an industry experiencing explosive growth, where touch and trust are a fundamental part of the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students look to teachers to guide them on their yoga path, and teachers will help them do so by adjusting their poses so they can learn the correct form. Some instructors say words can go only so far in teaching, and students learn best by feeling the adjustment that gets them into the correct pose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=”right” citation=\"Donna Farhi, who has professionally been involved with the Manos case since the late 1980s and early 1990s\"]‘What is implicit from this (IYNAUS) report is the systemic complicity within an entire yoga community and organization that up until now has seen the abuse suffered by these women as unfortunate, but permissible collateral damage.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargeant said Manos used the implicit consent given for a teacher to touch students to stroke women’s genitals and breasts. Those students who reported he groped them said it was done under the guise of a pose adjustment. “He’s acting as if he’s teaching,” said an unidentified woman who told Sargeant that he touched her genitals while she was in a seated pose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman identified only as Person 12, a longtime student of Manos and of Iyengar yoga, said Manos stroked her breasts multiple times as he sat behind her in the seated pose of Janu Sirsasana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said that when Manos crosses the line, he often has some supposed justification for what he has done,” Sargeant wrote. “There is an adjustment involving turning the student’s abdomen or ribs but each time Manos was supposedly adjusting her he would run his hand over her breasts. Person 12 said that it was clearly not an accidental touch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 also said that in another seated pose (Maha Mudra), Manos put his foot between her bottom and the floor from behind and then put his toe into her vagina through her yoga tights. Sargeant said the woman told her: “‘I remember the shock of feeling his toe’ inside her vaginal opening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another student, a man identified as Person 25, said Manos pulled on his testicles when he asked for clarification on a standing pose during a Aug. 15-17, 2014, workshop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Manos had Person 25 get into the pose in front of the other students ‘then reached between [Person 25’s] legs from behind and up into the crotch of [his loose] yoga shorts and gently pulled down on [his] testicles,’” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalled Manos indicating he should not misunderstand his touch but “wasn’t clear about what he was going to do.” Person 25 thought that Manos was going to touch his sacrum or his tailbone, and said he was floored that Manos touched his testicles, noting that in all of the decades that he has studied yoga he had never had anything “remotely like that” done as a demonstration or adjustment on him, Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 25 said he didn’t consider himself to be making an allegation of sex abuse against Manos, Sargeant said. She noted the act didn’t sufficiently support an inference of sexual intent and deferred to IYNAUS regarding whether Manos’ demonstration on this man was appropriate under its guidelines — which it is not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, just being in a yoga studio — especially an Iyengar one — meant practitioners had given consent to be touched, said Donna Farhi, a New Zealand-based yoga instructor who has authored five books, including one on ethics for teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of clarity around consent with touch “has led to a real blurring of boundaries,” she added. Reading the report, “in one second Manouso appears to be giving a legitimate adjustment and the next second he’s sexually molesting students. And you can see how easily that sleight of hand could create a real confusion in the mind of the student who one moment ago was being given something that appeared to be completely legitimate and in the next moment she’s having her breast groped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People from outside the community might look at these women and criticize them for not immediately responding,” Farhi said Tuesday. “But in the context of normalized, nonconsensual touch ‘adjustments,’ it’s a perfect environment for that to occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If Manos Does Not Stop Sexual Misconduct, ‘He Is Closed for Me Forever’: B.K.S. Iyengar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sexual misconduct allegations first surfaced against Manos in the 1980s and took two forms: sexual relationships with female students outside class, and inappropriate touching of students in class, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.imiya.org/IYNAUS_letter.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IYNAUS president David Carpenter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These allegations were made before the formation of IYNAUS, Carpenter said, noting a committee was created to investigate them: “Manos admitted to sexual relationships with his students, but denied the allegations of inappropriate and non-consensual touching in his classes and workshops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Person 76 told Sargeant that Manouso Manos assaulted her during a class in the early 2000s\"]‘She said during her interview that he ‘put his finger right into me,’ penetrating her anus. He did not say anything before he put his finger inside her.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1990, B.K.S. Iyengar decided not to remove Manos from the system, IYNAUS said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No doubt Manouso went wrong … He promised me he would change and I have given him a chance,” B.K.S. Iyengar wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/263a106c-e0f6-404d-8e41-ba0862ec07be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">April 1990\u003c/a>. “… If I hear again that he did not improve, he is closed for me forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior Iyengar leader in California, Bonnie Anthony, wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/263a106c-e0f6-404d-8e41-ba0862ec07be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">May 7, 1990, letter\u003c/a>, that she was “willing to give him this one more chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Manouso has a problem, much like alcoholism. He has openly admitted it to Mr. Iyengar and to others and is in therapy, along with his wife, Rita,” Anthony wrote. (Rita Lewis-Manos teaches with Manos today at their San Francisco studio.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738894\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738894\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Manouso Manos and his wife Rita Lewis-Manos exit a workshop he taught at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco on March 7, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manouso Manos exits a workshop he taught at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco on March 7, 2015. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>West said the IYNAUS president and members, and the Iyengar family, “need to wake up …. stand up and take responsibility. They have acted as Manos’ enablers for decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without them Manos would not have been able to continue on as he did over many years, victimizing and sexually assaulting numerous women. I don’t doubt that the women who were brave enough to step forward are just the tip of the iceberg from his reign of abuse,” she wrote on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘If You Are Against Manos, Others Might Decline to Recommend You’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most victims don’t report, or hold off doing so, for a variety of reasons. But they “all fall under the large umbrella of: They don’t trust the rest of us to respond appropriately,” said Kristen Houser, a spokeswoman at the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those reasons, she said, include fear of being disbelieved, blamed or having their privacy violated through gossip. Some people fear repercussions in their home life or their social circles, which often include the assailant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People often keep it to themselves, not to mention it’s a very confusing thing when somebody that you know and trust violates that trust,” Houser told KQED for the original investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"B.K.S. Iyengar, quoted in a May 1990 letter\"]‘No doubt Manouso went wrong … He promised me he would change and I have given him a chance. … If I hear again that he did not improve, he is closed for me forever.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for Cassie Jackson, 41, who said Manos put his foot on her genitals while she was in a pose lying on the ground with one foot extended out. He had been her teacher since 2012, and she had also worked at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga until March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years she had been trying to rationalize the incident in October 2015 when Manos put his foot on her genitals,” Sargeant wrote. But articles on the alleged abuse “made her accept that what had happened could not be rationalized away; she accepted the fact that Manos had sexually assaulted her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going against a famous and powerful teacher can be tough, with students fearing retaliation, people not believing them and losing their community, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 said Manos sexually assaulted her several times, including when he performed a simulated sex act on her while she was in the standing pose of Prasarita Padottanasana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ … he came up behind her, stood with his legs apart, put a mat between them and pressed his pelvis, thighs and genitals up against her hips several times. He then removed the mat so there was nothing but clothing between her crotch and his genitals and thighs. After he removed the mat, he pulled her pelvis back against him and moved it back and forth repeatedly pressing himself against her as if in a simulated sex act,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she later confided in a more senior student in the Iyengar community about what Manos had done, “the person told her not to complain; that if she complained, Manos would never adjust her again,” Sargeant wrote, noting Person 12 said that at that time she did not know anything about Manos’ history of sexually inappropriate behavior with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 described Manos as a gifted teacher and said “he in some ways changed [her] life for the better.” She also said he can often be “kind and generous,” as well as a charismatic teacher whose classes are fun and challenging, according to the investigator’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These attributes along with his seniority, popularity and strong personality enable him to take liberties with some students,” she told Sargeant. “Only a subset of Manos’ students have to deal with his sexual misconduct and the fact that he lies about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A male teacher echoed what makes it hard for students to come forward. He said that at a workshop in 2017, he saw Manos put a woman’s leg between his legs — “under his genitals” — while she was doing a modified pose because she had a knee injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He “said that as a male teacher ‘this is not the way’ and noted that B.K.S. Iyengar would never have done anything of that sort,” Sargeant wrote. He “said that it is difficult to go to a teacher whose teaching does not align with morality but their system is such that you are dependent on the recommendations of others. If they know you are against Manos, others might decline to recommend you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Melissa Hitt on coming forward with her allegation that Manouso Manos slapped her butt in class at his studio\"]‘I never ended up sending (to IYNAUS) for all of the obvious reasons. However, now I see that we all must speak up about this painful topic.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for the original KQED investigation what was holding people back from reporting abuse in yoga, Rachel Brathen, also known as Yoga Girl, said: “I think the biggest piece is fear of being alienated from this community that means so much to us.” That community built through yoga, she said, is “sacred” and such an “important part of the practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the students interviewed by Sargeant shared those feelings — or knew people who did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 had initially told Sargeant she knew of other people who had sexual abuse allegations against Manos to share but later told her most people had decided not to participate in the investigation for at least one of these reasons: “They are too afraid or too traumatized; they still want to or have to have contact with Manos; or they have removed themselves and do not want anything to do with the community anymore,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others like Hitt, today a management consultant for health care companies, decided they had to come forward. In sharing a January 2018 email with Sargeant that she wrote to a former teacher about her experience with Manos, Hitt wrote: “I never ended up sending (to IYNAUS) for all of the obvious reasons” — until after the KQED story published. “However, now I see that we all must speak up about this painful topic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11732371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11732371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Abode of Iyengar yoga studio in San Francisco’s Glen Park neighborhood on Thursday, March 7, 2019. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘All I Asked Is That They Stop the Investigation,’ and Then a Resignation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos previously said he had offered to resign from IYNAUS if it would stop its investigation. IYNAUS rejected Manos’ resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I asked is that they stop the investigation,” Manos wrote in a letter on Nov. 13, 2018, to Iyengar’s children, Geeta and Prashant Iyengar, according to correspondence shared by his lawyers. “They have refused my offer and did not tell me why they refused it. They have given me no indication of any further complaints anonymous or otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 7, outside The Abode of Iyengar Studio in San Francisco’s Glen Park neighborhood, Manos, 67, briefly spoke with KQED. When asked if he had confidence in the independent inquiry led by Sargeant, he mouthed the word: “No.” Then he added, “I was cleared by a unanimous committee of females and I don’t know what anybody else wants,” in a reference to the initial ethics committee investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED began to ask Manos about new allegations of sexual misconduct that it had received, he got into his gray Tesla and closed the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732183/amid-inquiry-into-sexual-misconduct-allegations-top-s-f-yoga-teacher-quits-national-iyengar-body\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> resigned from IYNAUS the next day\u003c/a>, Friday, March 8. His resignation was posted to The Abode of Iyengar website, saying he was quitting IYNAUS, where he had been a member of its senior advisory council until it was abolished in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am leaving though I only adjust students who give their consent. I am leaving though I do not touch inappropriately. I am leaving because I cannot prove my innocence,” said Manos, who began his studies with B.K.S. Iyengar in 1976 and holds one of two advanced senior certificates granted worldwide by the founder, who died in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, his spokesman said, “Manos voluntarily resigned from IYNAUS not because of any wrongdoing, but to try to prevent the fracturing of the organization. It is his sincere hope that despite the Board’s actions toward against him, IYNAUS can continue to thrive in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS said on Friday that Manos will not be permitted to apply for membership with the organization in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Conditions that Fostered, Supported and Perpetuated This Abuse Remain’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farhi said she has professionally been involved with the Manos case since the late 1980s and early 1990s when — as a member of the board that ran Yoga Journal magazine — they received several credible allegations from women who did not know each other relating “strikingly similar reports of having their breasts fondled while in deep relaxation, or fingers inserted into vaginal and anal orifices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is implicit from this (IYNAUS) report is the systemic complicity within an entire yoga community and organization that up until now has seen the abuse suffered by these women as unfortunate, but permissible collateral damage,” she said\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/yogadonnafarhi/posts/400603180769858\"> in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Manos will no longer be a member of IYNAUS, he can continue to teach yoga — no certification or license is required for instructors in the U.S. The most that yoga organizations, like the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute (RIMYI) in Pune, India — the mother institute of Iyengar Yoga worldwide — can do in such cases is revoke their certificates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But as it stands, Manos can continue teaching in San Francisco under the newly abridged banner of his school ‘The Abode of Yoga’ (formerly The Abode of Iyengar Yoga). He can continue to teach through independent hosts and in countries where he can rely on the naivety of foreign students eager to receive some of his supposed brilliance,” Farhi wrote. “Which calls into question whether we can, as we’ve been saying for years, uphold and police the standards of our own profession or whether it is long since past due for government licensing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remski said it was: While IYNAUS’ investigation marked a “significant moment” in the yoga world and provided a model for other organizations to aspire to, “it’s also shown how some broader-based regulatory oversight is probably going to be a necessity because — even with the good intent and the resources that IYNAUS had — it really struggled to come to the conclusion it’s come to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did the best they could and it’s just not good enough,” he said. “How then does the IYNAUS decision or the Iyengar family’s decision, how does it actually protect anybody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted, too, that, “had there been a license for teaching yoga in the state of California in 1990 Manouso Manos would have lost it, and he would have lost it in a way that probably would have marked him or prevented him from gaining a license in another state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A precedent has been set with the IYNAUS investigation that “these behaviors can result in a serious consequence,” said Farhi. “But the truth is, this is a hollow victory. The soil, the climate and the conditions that fostered, supported and perpetuated this abuse remain. The question now is how we collectively turn the corner and create a wholesome yoga culture in which all may feel safe and respected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farhi noted that after B.K.S. Iyengar gave Manos a second chance in 1990 following the first wave of allegations, Manos “continued his meteoric rise to fame as the senior most representative of the method.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yoga culture needs to take a good, hard look at itself,” she said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the report’s findings, survivor Cassie Jackson said her reaction was twofold: She found it “monumental” and a “sign of solidarity” but also overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re doing what they should have been doing 30 years ago,” said Jackson, whose\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> name was redacted in the report but she’d spoken with KQED about her story and agreed to have her name shared.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And what is to come of the last 30 years of women … who as Donna (Farhi) said have been collateral damage? But this is a step, this is a step in the right direction,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for herself, she is grappling with leaving a world behind, one she once considered home — The Abode of Iyengar Yoga — and having her story publicly shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Matthew Remski, a yoga teacher, trainer and culture critic who has written about sexual abuse in the community\"]‘The results of the investigation are completely horrible and demoralizing, and as bad as everybody who gave their testimony to it probably suspected it was.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Bell, who told KQED last fall that Manos groped her breasts while she was in a pose during a workshop in February 1988 at the Iyengar Yoga Institute of San Francisco, said she felt vindicated by the report’s findings but the substantiation “of so many students’ claims of inappropriate touch by Manouso Manos is bittersweet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hope is that the rest of the yoga world will take notice. Manos is not an isolated case. He’s a symptom of a larger pattern. Yoga is unregulated,” Bell said in an email. “Anyone can teach, no matter their actual qualifications. And known abusers are allowed to continue to teach even after their errant behavior has been discovered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the KQED investigation, IYNAUS has overhauled its policies and procedures regarding sexual misconduct. It will now publicly say if a teacher has been suspended due to ethical violations, and will require all teachers and some others to take courses designed to prevent sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A8aadbf5d-9a97-408e-99b4-767071295275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also suspended another teacher named\u003c/a> in the KQED investigation, Allan Nett, from teaching for three years. Eka Ekong said he put his hands near her genitals in a lunge pose (Warrior 2) and then abruptly pushed out — causing injuries to both of her legs. The ethics committee said in its findings that “there was sufficient information to support the allegations” of Ekong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nett had previously been reprimanded and punished by B.K.S. Iyengar and IYNAUS in 2012-2013 “following a determination that he had violated ethical guidelines by teaching abroad in a manner that did not reflect safety or correct Iyengar method. The proof of those allegations was in the pictorial representation of putting pregnant women in unsafe positions as well as inappropriate adjustment by having a male student sit on his crotch in (the pose of) chatoosh padasana,” the ethics committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his requirements then: attend class at the Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco with Rita Lewis-Manos and/or Manouso Manos. His “focus was to learn appropriate adjusting techniques,” the ethics committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nett declined to comment when KQED asked for his response to the IYNAUS findings and its decision to suspend him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Got a news tip or comment? Email the reporter: mleitsinger@kqed.org. You can also reach her on the encrypted communications app, Signal: 650-888-2765.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco-based Manouso Manos, a right-hand man to yoga master B.K.S. Iyengar, used pose adjustments as a cover to sexually abuse students and groom them for such acts, a new report has determined.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1690403540,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":138,"wordCount":6778},"headData":{"title":"Sexual Assault Allegations 'Proven to Be True' Against Famed S.F. Yoga Teacher | KQED","description":"San Francisco-based Manouso Manos, a right-hand man to yoga master B.K.S. Iyengar, used pose adjustments as a cover to sexually abuse students and groom them for such acts, a new report has determined.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Sexual Assault Allegations 'Proven to Be True' Against Famed S.F. Yoga Teacher","datePublished":"2019-04-10T00:10:05.000Z","dateModified":"2023-07-26T20:32:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","isAccessibleForFree":"Y","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"11310","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11310","found":true},"name":"Miranda Leitsinger","firstName":"Miranda","lastName":"Leitsinger","slug":"mleitsinger","email":"mleitsinger@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Miranda Leitsinger has worked in journalism as a reporter and editor since 2000, including seven years at The Associated Press in locales such as Cambodia and Puerto Rico, four years at NBC News Digital in New York and 2.5 years at CNN.com International in Hong Kong. Major stories she has covered included sexual abuse in the yoga community, the rise of women in local politics post-2016 election, the struggle over LGBTQ inclusion in the Boy Scouts, aftermath of the 2004 and 2011 tsunamis, the Aurora movie theater attack, the Newtown school shooting, Superstorm Sandy and the Boston Marathon bombing.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdd00de7be92aab3b7fd3d915e02033d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"mimileitsinger","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Miranda Leitsinger | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdd00de7be92aab3b7fd3d915e02033d?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cdd00de7be92aab3b7fd3d915e02033d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mleitsinger"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/yoga_folo_final03-qut-1-1020x546.jpg","width":1020,"height":546,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/yoga_folo_final03-qut-1-1020x546.jpg","width":1020,"height":546,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["featured","isanyoneup","Iyengar","Manouso Manos","MeToo","sexual abuse","sexual assault","sexual harassment","sexual misconduct","yoga"]}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/thebay/2019/04/YogoEdit5MIXMASTER1.mp3","audioTrackLength":799,"path":"/news/11738739/sexual-assault-allegations-proven-to-be-true-against-famed-s-f-yoga-teacher","audioDuration":799000,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated April 11, 2:30 p.m. with comments from survivors and experts. Reader advisory: Some accounts of sexual abuse in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting or objectionable.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman said her yoga teacher, Manouso Manos, stuck his toe into her vagina through her tights while she was in a seated pose. Another woman said he stroked her genitals while she was performing a standing yoga pose. And yet another said he put his finger in her anus through her clothing while she was in a standing pose, bent over with her head toward the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation into Manos, a prominent international yoga teacher based in San Francisco, has found that several allegations of “inappropriate sexual touching” during classroom instruction have “\u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A762b3cec-5538-4c66-b347-ee866e25eab1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proven to be true\u003c/a>,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Aef7034d1-4042-4064-80e0-5dc5577f15c3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a report released\u003c/a> April 5 by the national body overseeing the Iyengar tradition in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos, a disciple of and right-hand man to the founder of Iyengar, B.K.S. Iyengar, used adjustments of yoga poses as a cover to sexually abuse students and to groom them for such acts, wrote Bernadette Sargeant, an independent investigator and Washington, D.C., lawyer hired by the Iyengar Yoga National Association of the United States (IYNAUS) to conduct the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos, through a spokesman, said last fall that he denied all allegations — past and present. “Manos emphatically denies any wrongdoing,” the spokesman said in a statement on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six women came forward to Sargeant with allegations dating from 2005 on, as well as a number of bystanders who observed sexual assault by Manos. But allegations against him date decades back, as KQED has previously reported: Four women contacted Sargeant with accusations from incidents in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘That touch was not okay with me. I do not know of any officially recognized genitalia adjustments in yoga.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"An unidentified female student who accused Manouso Manos of stroking her genitals during a pose","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the report’s findings, Manos can no longer use the Iyengar Yoga name or certification mark in the name of his studio or in connection with his teaching, the Iyengar family in India said in an \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A97502424-0233-4f76-b197-b09f718facd8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">April 3 email\u003c/a> that was shared by the IYNAUS board. Manos, who holds workshops across the globe and said he has taught thousands of teachers over the decades, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.manouso.com/60th-birthday-message-from-guruji\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previously acknowledged by B.K.S. Iyengar\u003c/a> as one of his “elder students,” who helped to make yoga “a household subject in all of America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11690316","label":"Original KQED #MeToo and Yoga investigation "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More women accused Manos of sexual assault after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690316/metoo-unmasks-the-open-secret-of-sexual-abuse-in-yoga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED published an investigation\u003c/a> in September 2018 in which three women accused him of groping their breasts — in 1986, 1988 and 2013 — while they were performing poses in class. He was also the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/ad65794f-8422-4f28-9a69-2259a6f5ad3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1991 expose\u003c/a> in West, a now-defunct magazine then published by the San Jose Mercury News, over alleged sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The allegations in the report are false and the conclusions are wrong,” said the spokesman for Manos, who did not want to be named. “He has never engaged in any sexually inappropriate adjustments or conduct toward students. The report demonstrates that the ‘investigation’ was anything but fair and impartial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Beloved Teacher or Sexual Predator?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unsettling portrait of one of the world’s most famous yoga masters emerged, after years of secrecy, in the investigator’s 36-page report: For some he was a beloved teacher and a guide to enlightenment, while others alleged he was a sexual predator and a schoolyard bully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report includes the stories of women who accused Manos of abusing them while they were in vulnerable yoga poses in class — either on their heads, balancing or straining in a stretch. All of the accusations from 2005 on were substantiated by Sargeant (IYNAUS was investigating allegations from 1992 on, when the organization formed; B.K.S. Iyengar had weighed in on earlier allegations from the 1980s).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the allegations include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Manos penetrated a female student’s anus with his finger through her clothing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Manos “repeatedly molested” a female student in various ways: stroking her breasts and putting his toe into her vagina through her yoga tights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Manos touched a female student’s genitals by using his hand to stroke her from her tailbone, across her vulva and toward her pubic bone.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“I only became capable of describing it this year,” the student wrote to Sargeant about the last incident, which allegedly happened in chair pose during a 2005 or 2006 workshop. “… I am telling you now because even though it happened years ago, I find my body worthy of respect. That touch was not okay with me. I do not know of any officially recognized genitalia adjustments in yoga.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another four people came forward accusing Manos of sexual assault in class during the 1980s, including genital contact and groping of breasts, but Sargeant didn’t make any findings about the alleged incidents since they occurred before 1992. And four people said they witnessed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=243.4.&lawCode=PEN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual assault\u003c/a> by Manos, such as fondling a female student’s buttock under the guise of a yoga adjustment, putting his hand on a female student’s crotch during a demonstration and putting his toe in a female student’s anal area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the end of me ever taking classes from him. I would not feel safe in his classes,” the witness, a woman identified as Person 100, said of the last incident, which occurred at the Ann Arbor YMCA in approximately 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these events are unspeakably sad and tragic,” IYNAUS said Friday in an email to its membership. “Our sincere hope is that something positive also results from them: that we will assure the highest ethical standards of our (teachers) and the complete safety of Iyengar Yoga students. We hope the wounds in our community can now heal and that we can be reunited in our devotion to the brilliant teachings of BKS Iyengar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Remski, a yoga teacher, trainer and culture critic who has written about sexual abuse in the community, said: “The results of the investigation are completely horrible and demoralizing, and as bad as everybody who gave their testimony to it probably suspected it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story is one of serial criminality over decades that was overlooked, enabled and denied,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statute of limitations in California for filing charges in cases of inappropriate touch, like what West said happened to her, is one year. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/10/02/new-law-extends-statute-of-limitations-for-sexual-assault-victims\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2018\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new state law\u003c/a> extended the deadline for sexual assault survivors to file civil suits — from three years to a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11732184\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11732184\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manouso Manos speaks with KQED reporter Miranda Leitsinger after exiting a workshop he taught at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco on March 7, 2019. He resigned from IYNAUS the next day. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Student’s Allegation First Denied, Then Substantiated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS launched the independent probe into Manos after KQED published its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last September, IYNAUS’ ethics committee said in its review of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4834889-West-IYNAUS-Complaint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2013 allegation\u003c/a> by Ann West (who accused Manos of caressing her breasts during an advanced backbend pose at a San Diego workshop; her account was included in the KQED story) that it “did not find sufficient information to determine that a violation took place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in October, the IYNAUS board of directors \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Jcym1zO4N45MZvyitMCPQKwl-V_jGvYf/view?fbclid=IwAR2QOusB_d5DhWq3Sb1zlrF-C7yWbyRecN9AVqUcRbXSeBsAowdgEpGewpY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched an investigation\u003c/a> into West’s accusations against Manos — and inviting others to come forward — saying because of his “seniority and influence” in their community, “there is an appearance that the members of this committee are biased” in his favor and “cannot decide complaints against him impartially.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Sargeant said West’s allegations had been substantiated, which included that Manos had stared at her breasts during a demonstration in a 2012 weekend workshop and told her while she was in a pose that she should not wear a bra to the next day’s session, as well as groping her breasts in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The allegations in the report are false and the conclusions are wrong. … The report demonstrates that the ‘investigation’ was anything but fair and impartial.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"Manouso Manos spokesman","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Manos’ actions in connection with these incidents in the November 2013 workshop were deliberate not incidental and were not legitimate adjustments. They were done with the intent to sexually abuse and or arouse West or Manos himself without West’s consent,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West on Sunday said she was “jubilant” over the report’s findings but grappling with what she had been through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As for me, I am left trying to make sense of all that has transpired in this past year. I have been disbelieved, ostracized, vilified, trolled, isolated, gaslighted and denounced. I was told I must have ‘misperceived’ touch to my own body. I had intimate, private details of my personal life publicly shared. I have lost my privacy and anonymity. I have lost my community of peers. I feel angry and isolated, and have been left feeling deeply cynical,” said West in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ann.tapsellwest/posts/10218529606612500\">Facebook post\u003c/a>. A longtime teacher, she has removed herself to the outskirts of the Iyengar community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were trying to squash my voice. Other women, other fellow students, were trying to quiet me and to shut me up and to shame me,” she told KQED on Wednesday. “But I kept going because I knew what I was saying was the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the report published, West, 52, said she has received emails of support, including from a former supporter of Manos. She called for others to join her in building a “wish list of reparations” that the Iyengar leaders can make so “we can move forward together as a community in healing,” she wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10218540267439014&set=a.3994673906339&type=3&theater\">later on Facebook\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a victim … I’ve definitely found my voice and I’m not going away until I see that they’re starting to make some of these changes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fann.tapsellwest%2Fposts%2F10218540191117106&width=500\" width=\"500\" height=\"584\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After IYNAUS opened the investigation to other allegations against Manos — covering the time period from Jan. 1, 1992, to the present — the board said it received more than 150 reports from the Iyengar community between Sept. 12 (five days after the KQED investigation published) and Oct. 30. Many were supportive of Manos, while “many others made credible allegations that he has abused his position by making sexually inappropriate adjustments,” it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A881029fe-c8d6-4263-a5c2-8fc2bcf7361c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nov. 27, 2018, letter\u003c/a> to the Iyengar family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on these and other reports, we believed that there were many other individuals who would come forward if given an opportunity to do so safely and that some would allow their identities to be revealed. Finally, we also learned that rumors of such sexual misconduct by Manouso have been circulating in our community for many years,” the board wrote in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investigation Establishes a Pattern of ‘Sexual Grooming’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Melissa Hitt was thinking of taking a class with Manos as she was working toward a 500-hour-level certificate of teacher training, her teacher warned her to be careful because of what she called his history of inappropriate sexual behavior. Hitt told Sargeant she did not share what her teacher had told her with other students, treating it “as a shameful secret of our beloved community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11691888,news_11691888","label":"More Coverage of #MeToo and Yoga "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hitt, 35, of Long Beach, attended between six and 12 classes taught by Manos at his San Francisco studio, \u003ca href=\"https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=01508591-25788564\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Abode of Iyengar Yoga\u003c/a>. She told Sargeant he “is a brilliant man” and that some of his instruction informed her own teaching powerfully in a positive way. (Hitt’s name was redacted in the report but she’d spoken with KQED about her story and agreed to have her name shared).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hitt never felt comfortable in his classes, partly due to his “very dominating personality” but also because of his adjustments, which included “lingering touches on her torso in a way she had not experienced with other teachers.” Then, during a class in either 2011 or 2012, Manos slapped her butt while she was in the balancing pose known as half moon, standing on one foot and using one hand for support on the ground, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My finding is that, even if those actions do not rise to the level of touching intended to sexually abuse or arouse based on a clear and convincing standard, they were not legitimate adjustments and were part of the sexual grooming that this investigation has established is a pattern for Manos,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a similar experience for a woman identified as Person 76, who said “the entire time she and others have been in workshops with Manos there has always been a lot of discussion about this sort of thing concerning him,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I have been disbelieved, ostracized, vilified, trolled, isolated, gaslighted and denounced. I was told I must have ‘misperceived’ touch to my own body.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"Ann West, whose complaint that Manouso Manos groped her breasts during a 2013 workshop triggered the independent investigation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 76 told Sargeant that Manos assaulted her during a class in the early 2000s while she was in a standing pose (Prasarita Padottanasana), where the practitioner has their legs open wide and their torso folded over, with their hands and possibly head touching the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said during her interview that he ‘put his finger right into me,’ penetrating her anus,” Sargeant wrote. “He did not say anything before he put his finger inside her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said that she ‘stared him down and then finally’ he said sorry” — twice, Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 76, who considered Manos her primary teacher since 1992 and has been a certified Iyengar yoga teacher since 1999, wrote to Sargeant that she felt “shocked and infuriated” by the incident and had “never spoken about it until now.” She said she debated about whether to write in because she was certain many letters like hers would be submitted to the IYNAUS investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, like West, were unaware of these rumors until after an alleged incident occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people spoke to Sargeant in support of Manos, who declined to be interviewed by her. His lawyers alleged that the investigation was unfair, claiming Sargeant had made up her mind against him and didn’t understand the practice of Iyengar yoga, and that IYNAUS was using the “lowest standard of proof,” persuaded by the evidence and not beyond a reasonable doubt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The investigator was predisposed to reach a conclusion of wrongdoing and then set out to prove it. It is telling that there is not a single incident corroborated by an eyewitness to any of the six complaints, despite the fact that the alleged conduct occurred in a class of 30-50 students all in close proximity,” Manos’ spokesman said on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS has said that Sargeant, while not a Iyengar yoga practitioner, had interviewed or been provided the views of many expert witnesses in the community, had conducted dozens of sex abuse investigations, and had worked to ensure Manos was treated fairly in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11691086","label":"'No Longer a Safe Space: Sexual Abuse in Yoga "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her report, \u003ca href=\"https://www.stinson.com/BernadetteSargeant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sargeant\u003c/a> said she built a system where, once allegations were substantiated, she could use them to corroborate other accusations. She also noted that though her standard was “clear and convincing evidence,” for each allegation she substantiated, she “would have made the same finding had the standard been beyond a reasonable doubt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corroborating sexual abuse allegations in yoga can be tough because other students are often in the same positions as the victim, like a backbend or forward fold with the head down, which might block their ability to see what is happening, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Someone might be surprised and wonder how this can happen in a packed workshop. An experienced teacher might easily see the times in class when others are not looking as you might be able to observe in my example,” said an unidentified woman in the report, who accused Manos of stroking her genitals at a 2005 or 2006 workshop during chair pose, when a practitioner’s head can be titled down and their arms held up straight alongside their face. “Also the hierarchical power structure of learning environments in Iyengar yoga can contribute to what people allow their selves to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Not an Accidental Touch’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yoga industry has experienced dramatic growth in the U.S.: Over 36 million people practiced nationwide in 2016, skyrocketing from 16.5 million in 2004, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogaalliance.org/Portals/0/2016%20Yoga%20in%20America%20Study%20RESULTS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yoga in America Study\u003c/a>. Yoga was a $16 billion industry in 2016, shooting up from $10 billion in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The KQED investigation found that the yoga community was struggling to rein in sexual misconduct and abuse in its ranks. Some experts believe the lack of oversight of teachers and schools — yoga instructors aren’t licensed in the U.S.; no state agency, such as a medical board, oversees, disciplines or investigates them — is adding to the problems of an industry experiencing explosive growth, where touch and trust are a fundamental part of the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students look to teachers to guide them on their yoga path, and teachers will help them do so by adjusting their poses so they can learn the correct form. Some instructors say words can go only so far in teaching, and students learn best by feeling the adjustment that gets them into the correct pose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘What is implicit from this (IYNAUS) report is the systemic complicity within an entire yoga community and organization that up until now has seen the abuse suffered by these women as unfortunate, but permissible collateral damage.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"small","align":"”right”","citation":"Donna Farhi, who has professionally been involved with the Manos case since the late 1980s and early 1990s","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargeant said Manos used the implicit consent given for a teacher to touch students to stroke women’s genitals and breasts. Those students who reported he groped them said it was done under the guise of a pose adjustment. “He’s acting as if he’s teaching,” said an unidentified woman who told Sargeant that he touched her genitals while she was in a seated pose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman identified only as Person 12, a longtime student of Manos and of Iyengar yoga, said Manos stroked her breasts multiple times as he sat behind her in the seated pose of Janu Sirsasana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said that when Manos crosses the line, he often has some supposed justification for what he has done,” Sargeant wrote. “There is an adjustment involving turning the student’s abdomen or ribs but each time Manos was supposedly adjusting her he would run his hand over her breasts. Person 12 said that it was clearly not an accidental touch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 also said that in another seated pose (Maha Mudra), Manos put his foot between her bottom and the floor from behind and then put his toe into her vagina through her yoga tights. Sargeant said the woman told her: “‘I remember the shock of feeling his toe’ inside her vaginal opening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another student, a man identified as Person 25, said Manos pulled on his testicles when he asked for clarification on a standing pose during a Aug. 15-17, 2014, workshop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Manos had Person 25 get into the pose in front of the other students ‘then reached between [Person 25’s] legs from behind and up into the crotch of [his loose] yoga shorts and gently pulled down on [his] testicles,’” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalled Manos indicating he should not misunderstand his touch but “wasn’t clear about what he was going to do.” Person 25 thought that Manos was going to touch his sacrum or his tailbone, and said he was floored that Manos touched his testicles, noting that in all of the decades that he has studied yoga he had never had anything “remotely like that” done as a demonstration or adjustment on him, Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 25 said he didn’t consider himself to be making an allegation of sex abuse against Manos, Sargeant said. She noted the act didn’t sufficiently support an inference of sexual intent and deferred to IYNAUS regarding whether Manos’ demonstration on this man was appropriate under its guidelines — which it is not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, just being in a yoga studio — especially an Iyengar one — meant practitioners had given consent to be touched, said Donna Farhi, a New Zealand-based yoga instructor who has authored five books, including one on ethics for teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of clarity around consent with touch “has led to a real blurring of boundaries,” she added. Reading the report, “in one second Manouso appears to be giving a legitimate adjustment and the next second he’s sexually molesting students. And you can see how easily that sleight of hand could create a real confusion in the mind of the student who one moment ago was being given something that appeared to be completely legitimate and in the next moment she’s having her breast groped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People from outside the community might look at these women and criticize them for not immediately responding,” Farhi said Tuesday. “But in the context of normalized, nonconsensual touch ‘adjustments,’ it’s a perfect environment for that to occur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If Manos Does Not Stop Sexual Misconduct, ‘He Is Closed for Me Forever’: B.K.S. Iyengar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sexual misconduct allegations first surfaced against Manos in the 1980s and took two forms: sexual relationships with female students outside class, and inappropriate touching of students in class, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.imiya.org/IYNAUS_letter.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IYNAUS president David Carpenter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These allegations were made before the formation of IYNAUS, Carpenter said, noting a committee was created to investigate them: “Manos admitted to sexual relationships with his students, but denied the allegations of inappropriate and non-consensual touching in his classes and workshops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘She said during her interview that he ‘put his finger right into me,’ penetrating her anus. He did not say anything before he put his finger inside her.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"Person 76 told Sargeant that Manouso Manos assaulted her during a class in the early 2000s","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1990, B.K.S. Iyengar decided not to remove Manos from the system, IYNAUS said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No doubt Manouso went wrong … He promised me he would change and I have given him a chance,” B.K.S. Iyengar wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/263a106c-e0f6-404d-8e41-ba0862ec07be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">April 1990\u003c/a>. “… If I hear again that he did not improve, he is closed for me forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior Iyengar leader in California, Bonnie Anthony, wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/263a106c-e0f6-404d-8e41-ba0862ec07be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">May 7, 1990, letter\u003c/a>, that she was “willing to give him this one more chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Manouso has a problem, much like alcoholism. He has openly admitted it to Mr. Iyengar and to others and is in therapy, along with his wife, Rita,” Anthony wrote. (Rita Lewis-Manos teaches with Manos today at their San Francisco studio.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738894\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738894\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Manouso Manos and his wife Rita Lewis-Manos exit a workshop he taught at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco on March 7, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04092019_Yoga_Manos-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manouso Manos exits a workshop he taught at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco on March 7, 2015. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>West said the IYNAUS president and members, and the Iyengar family, “need to wake up …. stand up and take responsibility. They have acted as Manos’ enablers for decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without them Manos would not have been able to continue on as he did over many years, victimizing and sexually assaulting numerous women. I don’t doubt that the women who were brave enough to step forward are just the tip of the iceberg from his reign of abuse,” she wrote on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘If You Are Against Manos, Others Might Decline to Recommend You’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most victims don’t report, or hold off doing so, for a variety of reasons. But they “all fall under the large umbrella of: They don’t trust the rest of us to respond appropriately,” said Kristen Houser, a spokeswoman at the National Sexual Violence Resource Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those reasons, she said, include fear of being disbelieved, blamed or having their privacy violated through gossip. Some people fear repercussions in their home life or their social circles, which often include the assailant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People often keep it to themselves, not to mention it’s a very confusing thing when somebody that you know and trust violates that trust,” Houser told KQED for the original investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘No doubt Manouso went wrong … He promised me he would change and I have given him a chance. … If I hear again that he did not improve, he is closed for me forever.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"B.K.S. Iyengar, quoted in a May 1990 letter","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for Cassie Jackson, 41, who said Manos put his foot on her genitals while she was in a pose lying on the ground with one foot extended out. He had been her teacher since 2012, and she had also worked at The Abode of Iyengar Yoga until March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years she had been trying to rationalize the incident in October 2015 when Manos put his foot on her genitals,” Sargeant wrote. But articles on the alleged abuse “made her accept that what had happened could not be rationalized away; she accepted the fact that Manos had sexually assaulted her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going against a famous and powerful teacher can be tough, with students fearing retaliation, people not believing them and losing their community, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 said Manos sexually assaulted her several times, including when he performed a simulated sex act on her while she was in the standing pose of Prasarita Padottanasana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ … he came up behind her, stood with his legs apart, put a mat between them and pressed his pelvis, thighs and genitals up against her hips several times. He then removed the mat so there was nothing but clothing between her crotch and his genitals and thighs. After he removed the mat, he pulled her pelvis back against him and moved it back and forth repeatedly pressing himself against her as if in a simulated sex act,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she later confided in a more senior student in the Iyengar community about what Manos had done, “the person told her not to complain; that if she complained, Manos would never adjust her again,” Sargeant wrote, noting Person 12 said that at that time she did not know anything about Manos’ history of sexually inappropriate behavior with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 described Manos as a gifted teacher and said “he in some ways changed [her] life for the better.” She also said he can often be “kind and generous,” as well as a charismatic teacher whose classes are fun and challenging, according to the investigator’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These attributes along with his seniority, popularity and strong personality enable him to take liberties with some students,” she told Sargeant. “Only a subset of Manos’ students have to deal with his sexual misconduct and the fact that he lies about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A male teacher echoed what makes it hard for students to come forward. He said that at a workshop in 2017, he saw Manos put a woman’s leg between his legs — “under his genitals” — while she was doing a modified pose because she had a knee injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He “said that as a male teacher ‘this is not the way’ and noted that B.K.S. Iyengar would never have done anything of that sort,” Sargeant wrote. He “said that it is difficult to go to a teacher whose teaching does not align with morality but their system is such that you are dependent on the recommendations of others. If they know you are against Manos, others might decline to recommend you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I never ended up sending (to IYNAUS) for all of the obvious reasons. However, now I see that we all must speak up about this painful topic.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"Melissa Hitt on coming forward with her allegation that Manouso Manos slapped her butt in class at his studio","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked for the original KQED investigation what was holding people back from reporting abuse in yoga, Rachel Brathen, also known as Yoga Girl, said: “I think the biggest piece is fear of being alienated from this community that means so much to us.” That community built through yoga, she said, is “sacred” and such an “important part of the practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the students interviewed by Sargeant shared those feelings — or knew people who did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Person 12 had initially told Sargeant she knew of other people who had sexual abuse allegations against Manos to share but later told her most people had decided not to participate in the investigation for at least one of these reasons: “They are too afraid or too traumatized; they still want to or have to have contact with Manos; or they have removed themselves and do not want anything to do with the community anymore,” Sargeant wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others like Hitt, today a management consultant for health care companies, decided they had to come forward. In sharing a January 2018 email with Sargeant that she wrote to a former teacher about her experience with Manos, Hitt wrote: “I never ended up sending (to IYNAUS) for all of the obvious reasons” — until after the KQED story published. “However, now I see that we all must speak up about this painful topic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11732371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11732371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Yoga_Manos-7-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Abode of Iyengar yoga studio in San Francisco’s Glen Park neighborhood on Thursday, March 7, 2019. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘All I Asked Is That They Stop the Investigation,’ and Then a Resignation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos previously said he had offered to resign from IYNAUS if it would stop its investigation. IYNAUS rejected Manos’ resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I asked is that they stop the investigation,” Manos wrote in a letter on Nov. 13, 2018, to Iyengar’s children, Geeta and Prashant Iyengar, according to correspondence shared by his lawyers. “They have refused my offer and did not tell me why they refused it. They have given me no indication of any further complaints anonymous or otherwise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 7, outside The Abode of Iyengar Studio in San Francisco’s Glen Park neighborhood, Manos, 67, briefly spoke with KQED. When asked if he had confidence in the independent inquiry led by Sargeant, he mouthed the word: “No.” Then he added, “I was cleared by a unanimous committee of females and I don’t know what anybody else wants,” in a reference to the initial ethics committee investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED began to ask Manos about new allegations of sexual misconduct that it had received, he got into his gray Tesla and closed the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manos\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732183/amid-inquiry-into-sexual-misconduct-allegations-top-s-f-yoga-teacher-quits-national-iyengar-body\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> resigned from IYNAUS the next day\u003c/a>, Friday, March 8. His resignation was posted to The Abode of Iyengar website, saying he was quitting IYNAUS, where he had been a member of its senior advisory council until it was abolished in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am leaving though I only adjust students who give their consent. I am leaving though I do not touch inappropriately. I am leaving because I cannot prove my innocence,” said Manos, who began his studies with B.K.S. Iyengar in 1976 and holds one of two advanced senior certificates granted worldwide by the founder, who died in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, his spokesman said, “Manos voluntarily resigned from IYNAUS not because of any wrongdoing, but to try to prevent the fracturing of the organization. It is his sincere hope that despite the Board’s actions toward against him, IYNAUS can continue to thrive in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS said on Friday that Manos will not be permitted to apply for membership with the organization in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Conditions that Fostered, Supported and Perpetuated This Abuse Remain’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farhi said she has professionally been involved with the Manos case since the late 1980s and early 1990s when — as a member of the board that ran Yoga Journal magazine — they received several credible allegations from women who did not know each other relating “strikingly similar reports of having their breasts fondled while in deep relaxation, or fingers inserted into vaginal and anal orifices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is implicit from this (IYNAUS) report is the systemic complicity within an entire yoga community and organization that up until now has seen the abuse suffered by these women as unfortunate, but permissible collateral damage,” she said\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/yogadonnafarhi/posts/400603180769858\"> in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Manos will no longer be a member of IYNAUS, he can continue to teach yoga — no certification or license is required for instructors in the U.S. The most that yoga organizations, like the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute (RIMYI) in Pune, India — the mother institute of Iyengar Yoga worldwide — can do in such cases is revoke their certificates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But as it stands, Manos can continue teaching in San Francisco under the newly abridged banner of his school ‘The Abode of Yoga’ (formerly The Abode of Iyengar Yoga). He can continue to teach through independent hosts and in countries where he can rely on the naivety of foreign students eager to receive some of his supposed brilliance,” Farhi wrote. “Which calls into question whether we can, as we’ve been saying for years, uphold and police the standards of our own profession or whether it is long since past due for government licensing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remski said it was: While IYNAUS’ investigation marked a “significant moment” in the yoga world and provided a model for other organizations to aspire to, “it’s also shown how some broader-based regulatory oversight is probably going to be a necessity because — even with the good intent and the resources that IYNAUS had — it really struggled to come to the conclusion it’s come to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did the best they could and it’s just not good enough,” he said. “How then does the IYNAUS decision or the Iyengar family’s decision, how does it actually protect anybody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted, too, that, “had there been a license for teaching yoga in the state of California in 1990 Manouso Manos would have lost it, and he would have lost it in a way that probably would have marked him or prevented him from gaining a license in another state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A precedent has been set with the IYNAUS investigation that “these behaviors can result in a serious consequence,” said Farhi. “But the truth is, this is a hollow victory. The soil, the climate and the conditions that fostered, supported and perpetuated this abuse remain. The question now is how we collectively turn the corner and create a wholesome yoga culture in which all may feel safe and respected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farhi noted that after B.K.S. Iyengar gave Manos a second chance in 1990 following the first wave of allegations, Manos “continued his meteoric rise to fame as the senior most representative of the method.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yoga culture needs to take a good, hard look at itself,” she said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the report’s findings, survivor Cassie Jackson said her reaction was twofold: She found it “monumental” and a “sign of solidarity” but also overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re doing what they should have been doing 30 years ago,” said Jackson, whose\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> name was redacted in the report but she’d spoken with KQED about her story and agreed to have her name shared.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And what is to come of the last 30 years of women … who as Donna (Farhi) said have been collateral damage? But this is a step, this is a step in the right direction,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for herself, she is grappling with leaving a world behind, one she once considered home — The Abode of Iyengar Yoga — and having her story publicly shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The results of the investigation are completely horrible and demoralizing, and as bad as everybody who gave their testimony to it probably suspected it was.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"”right”","citation":"Matthew Remski, a yoga teacher, trainer and culture critic who has written about sexual abuse in the community","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Bell, who told KQED last fall that Manos groped her breasts while she was in a pose during a workshop in February 1988 at the Iyengar Yoga Institute of San Francisco, said she felt vindicated by the report’s findings but the substantiation “of so many students’ claims of inappropriate touch by Manouso Manos is bittersweet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hope is that the rest of the yoga world will take notice. Manos is not an isolated case. He’s a symptom of a larger pattern. Yoga is unregulated,” Bell said in an email. “Anyone can teach, no matter their actual qualifications. And known abusers are allowed to continue to teach even after their errant behavior has been discovered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the KQED investigation, IYNAUS has overhauled its policies and procedures regarding sexual misconduct. It will now publicly say if a teacher has been suspended due to ethical violations, and will require all teachers and some others to take courses designed to prevent sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IYNAUS \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A8aadbf5d-9a97-408e-99b4-767071295275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also suspended another teacher named\u003c/a> in the KQED investigation, Allan Nett, from teaching for three years. Eka Ekong said he put his hands near her genitals in a lunge pose (Warrior 2) and then abruptly pushed out — causing injuries to both of her legs. The ethics committee said in its findings that “there was sufficient information to support the allegations” of Ekong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nett had previously been reprimanded and punished by B.K.S. Iyengar and IYNAUS in 2012-2013 “following a determination that he had violated ethical guidelines by teaching abroad in a manner that did not reflect safety or correct Iyengar method. The proof of those allegations was in the pictorial representation of putting pregnant women in unsafe positions as well as inappropriate adjustment by having a male student sit on his crotch in (the pose of) chatoosh padasana,” the ethics committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his requirements then: attend class at the Abode of Iyengar Yoga in San Francisco with Rita Lewis-Manos and/or Manouso Manos. His “focus was to learn appropriate adjusting techniques,” the ethics committee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nett declined to comment when KQED asked for his response to the IYNAUS findings and its decision to suspend him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Got a news tip or comment? Email the reporter: mleitsinger@kqed.org. You can also reach her on the encrypted communications app, Signal: 650-888-2765.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11738739/sexual-assault-allegations-proven-to-be-true-against-famed-s-f-yoga-teacher","authors":["11310"],"programs":["news_72"],"categories":["news_6188","news_8"],"tags":["news_19542","news_5568","news_24067","news_25181","news_21804","news_2700","news_1527","news_2838","news_20618","news_21362"],"featImg":"news_11738781","label":"news_72","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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