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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">More than 170 American citizens\u003c/a> have been detained during raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, as well as during protests, according to an October investigation by \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the detained were nearly 20 children. In some cases, citizens have been held for 24 hours without being able to call a lawyer or a loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of potential legal recourse, the threat of mistakenly being taken into ICE detention — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047506/searching-for-a-loved-one-in-ice-custody-heres-what-you-need-to-know\">potentially disappearing into labyrinthine immigration custody\u003c/a> — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskUS/comments/1m0w113/how_many_of_you_are_carrying_your_us_passport/\">some\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@imalawyerinreallife/video/7463630715998162222\">U.S. citizens\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/16/us/immigration-citizens-carrying-passports\">wondering\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/immigration/comments/1i8n698/lpt_us_citizens_who_are_brown_should_carry_their/\">online\u003c/a> if they should carry their passport or other documents with them to prove their citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">the 50 American citizens \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> found who were held \u003cem>after\u003c/em> immigration agents questioned their citizenship\u003c/a>, almost all were Latino. This fall, a Supreme Court decision allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/25a169_5h25.pdf\">immigration agents to consider race\u003c/a> during sweeps in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid the efforts of President Donald Trump’s administration to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060135/families-once-torn-apart-at-border-face-renewed-threat-of-separation\">ramp up\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12058936/masking-bill-fuels-california-legal-battle-over-federal-immigration-agents\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-memo-deportation-due-process-six-hours-rcna218745\">across the country\u003c/a> this year, what do legal experts and advocates say about how U.S. citizens can protect themselves — and whether carrying proof of citizenship is a good idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do U.S. citizens have to carry their documents?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Richard Boswell, law professor at UC Law School, San Francisco, called it “most troubling” that U.S. citizens should be considering carrying proof of citizenship in this context, and that “there is no reason why government officers can or should be questioning people about their citizenship without any reason to suspect that they are non-citizens who are here unlawfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time, I understand the practical warning about carrying the original of one’s passport as a way of making it less likely that you will be arrested,” Boswell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12054806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12054806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Giles, Field Office Director, center, talks to a raiding party agent after a raid to arrest an illegal immigrant with a criminal record on Thursday, Sept. 8, 2022, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But “if they have evidence that I have broken the law or that I am a non-citizen in the US in violation, the law places the burden on [an immigration officer] to have that evidence before they arrest me,” Boswell said. “I don’t have the legal obligation to give them that information in advance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This very question — of whether U.S. citizens should need to prove their status — highlights the gulf between what \u003cem>should \u003c/em>happen according to the law and what’s actually happening on the ground, said Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney at ACLU NorCal.[aside postID=news_12025647 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1180x787.jpg']“There is no legal requirement that U.S. citizens carry papers or have proof of their citizenship on them,” Bernwanger said. “There shouldn’t be a reason to have to carry your papers, because immigration agents aren’t supposed to stop people or detain them,” unless they have reasonable suspicion that the individual is unlawfully in the U.S., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, citizens may choose to make practical decisions around carrying documentation anyway, Bernwanger said, because of “our immigration agencies that are violating the law here and that are causing this anxiety and concern and confusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just kind of have to make their own decisions about what they’re comfortable with in the face of this lawless enforcement,” Bernwanger said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saira Hussain, a senior staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/proof-of-citizenship-trump-deportations_l_680675f2e4b066a6887ab2f0\">the Huffington Post\u003c/a> that U.S. citizens picked up by ICE “have a very strong civil rights suit because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/supreme-courts-decision-racial-profiling-immigration-raids/\">the racial profiling\u003c/a> involved and the detention that would be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to KQED’s request for comment. When contacted for comment by the reporters of October’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">\u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> investigation\u003c/a>, DHS claimed that agents do not racially profile or target Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have said it a million times: ICE does NOT arrest or deport U.S. citizens,” Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/10/01/dhs-debunks-new-york-times-false-reporting-dhs-does-not-deport-us-citizens\">in response\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/29/us/trump-immigration-agents-us-citizens.html\">a \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that featured stories of detained Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What kind of documentation could someone potentially use to prove their citizenship?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proof of \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html\">citizenship documents\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>U.S. passport\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">U.S. passport card\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/w2w/index.htm\">U.S. birth certificate\u003c/a> that has been issued by the city, county, or state of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/en/international-travel/living-abroad/birth.html\">Consular Report of Birth Abroad\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Naturalization\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A Real ID does not prove citizenship, but it does prove your identity, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-licenses-identification-cards/real-id/what-is-real-id/real-id-info-non-u-s-citizens/\">only immigrants with legal status in the U.S. can obtain one\u003c/a>. However, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-detained-us-citizen-immigration-crackdown-lawsuit-rcna238744\">reports of ICE agents refusing to accept\u003c/a> this form of ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a person does decide to carry their actual, original documentation with them — like a passport — Bernwanger warned there’s a risk that ICE or CBP officers may confiscate it, or that your document could be otherwise lost in the confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a real risk that if you are stopped, if you’re detained, if you were arrested — even if it’s unlawful — that your documents will be held,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11848802\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"Biometric passport with visa stamp for United States\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An H1B visa issued Nov. 25, 2020. KQED’s Forum spoke to experts about how H-1B visa holders in the Bay Area are reacting to the latest White House order. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/mario.smith.549/videos/4124931194388551/\">alternative that’s being discussed\u003c/a> online could be carrying a legible copy of your passport or other proof of citizenship. Even a black and white photocopy of your passport’s photo page or \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">your passport card\u003c/a> should be able to accomplish that, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about having a photo of your documentation on your phone, to potentially show an immigration officer? Again, Boswell stressed the need for that officer to have evidence that a person is unlawfully present in the U.S. — and cautioned that even just unlocking your phone to show your proof of citizenship “could be viewed as permission [for an officer] to go rummaging through it in search of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do non-citizens have to carry documentation with them?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unlike citizens, U.S. law said that non-citizen immigrants \u003cem>should \u003c/em>actually carry documentation of their legal status in the country with them at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants with work authorization should carry documentation like a green card or an I-94 with them — and this should be their actual, original documentation, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should I have multiple copies of my documentation anyway?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Given what Bernwanger called the “real risk that documents will be confiscated during encounters with immigration agents just based on what we’ve seen elsewhere,” she recommended that citizens and non-citizens alike should make multiple, clear copies of their immigration documentation and store them securely at home in a place they can be quickly located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger also advised you to “leave copies with your trusted family members,” who could then provide them in the event that you are detained by immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to reflect that of the 50 American citizens \u003c/em>ProPublica \u003cem>found who were held after immigration agents questioned their citizenship, almost all were Latino.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">More than 170 American citizens\u003c/a> have been detained during raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, as well as during protests, according to an October investigation by \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the detained were nearly 20 children. In some cases, citizens have been held for 24 hours without being able to call a lawyer or a loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of potential legal recourse, the threat of mistakenly being taken into ICE detention — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047506/searching-for-a-loved-one-in-ice-custody-heres-what-you-need-to-know\">potentially disappearing into labyrinthine immigration custody\u003c/a> — has \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskUS/comments/1m0w113/how_many_of_you_are_carrying_your_us_passport/\">some\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@imalawyerinreallife/video/7463630715998162222\">U.S. citizens\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/16/us/immigration-citizens-carrying-passports\">wondering\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/immigration/comments/1i8n698/lpt_us_citizens_who_are_brown_should_carry_their/\">online\u003c/a> if they should carry their passport or other documents with them to prove their citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">the 50 American citizens \u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> found who were held \u003cem>after\u003c/em> immigration agents questioned their citizenship\u003c/a>, almost all were Latino. This fall, a Supreme Court decision allows \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/25a169_5h25.pdf\">immigration agents to consider race\u003c/a> during sweeps in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So amid the efforts of President Donald Trump’s administration to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060135/families-once-torn-apart-at-border-face-renewed-threat-of-separation\">ramp up\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12058936/masking-bill-fuels-california-legal-battle-over-federal-immigration-agents\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-memo-deportation-due-process-six-hours-rcna218745\">across the country\u003c/a> this year, what do legal experts and advocates say about how U.S. citizens can protect themselves — and whether carrying proof of citizenship is a good idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do U.S. citizens have to carry their documents?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Richard Boswell, law professor at UC Law School, San Francisco, called it “most troubling” that U.S. citizens should be considering carrying proof of citizenship in this context, and that “there is no reason why government officers can or should be questioning people about their citizenship without any reason to suspect that they are non-citizens who are here unlawfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the same time, I understand the practical warning about carrying the original of one’s passport as a way of making it less likely that you will be arrested,” Boswell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12054806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12054806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/GettyImages-1243312873_NEWS-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Giles, Field Office Director, center, talks to a raiding party agent after a raid to arrest an illegal immigrant with a criminal record on Thursday, Sept. 8, 2022, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/ Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But “if they have evidence that I have broken the law or that I am a non-citizen in the US in violation, the law places the burden on [an immigration officer] to have that evidence before they arrest me,” Boswell said. “I don’t have the legal obligation to give them that information in advance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This very question — of whether U.S. citizens should need to prove their status — highlights the gulf between what \u003cem>should \u003c/em>happen according to the law and what’s actually happening on the ground, said Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney at ACLU NorCal.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There is no legal requirement that U.S. citizens carry papers or have proof of their citizenship on them,” Bernwanger said. “There shouldn’t be a reason to have to carry your papers, because immigration agents aren’t supposed to stop people or detain them,” unless they have reasonable suspicion that the individual is unlawfully in the U.S., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, citizens may choose to make practical decisions around carrying documentation anyway, Bernwanger said, because of “our immigration agencies that are violating the law here and that are causing this anxiety and concern and confusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just kind of have to make their own decisions about what they’re comfortable with in the face of this lawless enforcement,” Bernwanger said. “And that’s not fair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saira Hussain, a senior staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/proof-of-citizenship-trump-deportations_l_680675f2e4b066a6887ab2f0\">the Huffington Post\u003c/a> that U.S. citizens picked up by ICE “have a very strong civil rights suit because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/blog/supreme-courts-decision-racial-profiling-immigration-raids/\">the racial profiling\u003c/a> involved and the detention that would be involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not respond to KQED’s request for comment. When contacted for comment by the reporters of October’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will\">\u003cem>ProPublica\u003c/em> investigation\u003c/a>, DHS claimed that agents do not racially profile or target Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have said it a million times: ICE does NOT arrest or deport U.S. citizens,” Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2025/10/01/dhs-debunks-new-york-times-false-reporting-dhs-does-not-deport-us-citizens\">in response\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/29/us/trump-immigration-agents-us-citizens.html\">a \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that featured stories of detained Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What kind of documentation could someone potentially use to prove their citizenship?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proof of \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html\">citizenship documents\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>U.S. passport\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">U.S. passport card\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/w2w/index.htm\">U.S. birth certificate\u003c/a> that has been issued by the city, county, or state of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/en/international-travel/living-abroad/birth.html\">Consular Report of Birth Abroad\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Naturalization\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/certificate-citizenship-naturalization\">Certificate of Citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A Real ID does not prove citizenship, but it does prove your identity, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-licenses-identification-cards/real-id/what-is-real-id/real-id-info-non-u-s-citizens/\">only immigrants with legal status in the U.S. can obtain one\u003c/a>. However, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/ice-detained-us-citizen-immigration-crackdown-lawsuit-rcna238744\">reports of ICE agents refusing to accept\u003c/a> this form of ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a person does decide to carry their actual, original documentation with them — like a passport — Bernwanger warned there’s a risk that ICE or CBP officers may confiscate it, or that your document could be otherwise lost in the confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a real risk that if you are stopped, if you’re detained, if you were arrested — even if it’s unlawful — that your documents will be held,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11848802\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"Biometric passport with visa stamp for United States\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/iStock-1130785257_1_1920x-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An H1B visa issued Nov. 25, 2020. KQED’s Forum spoke to experts about how H-1B visa holders in the Bay Area are reacting to the latest White House order. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/mario.smith.549/videos/4124931194388551/\">alternative that’s being discussed\u003c/a> online could be carrying a legible copy of your passport or other proof of citizenship. Even a black and white photocopy of your passport’s photo page or \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/card.html\">your passport card\u003c/a> should be able to accomplish that, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What about having a photo of your documentation on your phone, to potentially show an immigration officer? Again, Boswell stressed the need for that officer to have evidence that a person is unlawfully present in the U.S. — and cautioned that even just unlocking your phone to show your proof of citizenship “could be viewed as permission [for an officer] to go rummaging through it in search of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do non-citizens have to carry documentation with them?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unlike citizens, U.S. law said that non-citizen immigrants \u003cem>should \u003c/em>actually carry documentation of their legal status in the country with them at all times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants with work authorization should carry documentation like a green card or an I-94 with them — and this should be their actual, original documentation, Bernwanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Should I have multiple copies of my documentation anyway?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Given what Bernwanger called the “real risk that documents will be confiscated during encounters with immigration agents just based on what we’ve seen elsewhere,” she recommended that citizens and non-citizens alike should make multiple, clear copies of their immigration documentation and store them securely at home in a place they can be quickly located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger also advised you to “leave copies with your trusted family members,” who could then provide them in the event that you are detained by immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to reflect that of the 50 American citizens \u003c/em>ProPublica \u003cem>found who were held after immigration agents questioned their citizenship, almost all were Latino.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "yosemite-national-park-new-fees-international-tourists-foreigners-annual-pass-2026",
"title": "What We Know About Trump’s $100 National Park Fee for International Tourists",
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"headTitle": "What We Know About Trump’s $100 National Park Fee for International Tourists | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, visitors to the United States will have to pay $100 each to enter some of the country’s most popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/national-parks\">national parks\u003c/a> — on top of existing entry fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Department of the Interior Secretary Doug Burgum \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/department-interior-announces-modernized-more-affordable-national-park-access\">announced\u003c/a> over Thanksgiving week that entry fees for 11 national parks — including Yosemite National Park — are going up for foreign visitors only in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while park entry fees for U.S. residents will remain the same, typically $35 per vehicle or $80 for an annual pass, as of Jan. 1, anyone who can’t prove their U.S. residency with a government-issued ID will have to pay the additional $100 at major national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement means a steep increase in national park fees for tourists to the U.S., who will also see the cost of buying an annual pass for themselves rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what we know about the new national park fees for 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#Howwillfeesforinternationaltravelersbeenforced\">How will fees for international travelers be enforced?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#WhatshouldUSresidentsknowaboutenteringnationalparksin2026\">What should U.S. residents know about entering national parks in 2026? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>At which national parks do non-U.S. residents have to pay higher fees?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, 2026, a $100 per-person fee — charged on top of the typical fee of $35 per vehicle — will apply to entry for foreigners ages 16 and older at 11 of the country’s most-visited national parks (see below).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of the Interior confirmed in an email to KQED that the new fees will apply for the amount of time the entry ticket is valid. For Yosemite, for example, the $100 per-person fee would be valid for seven days of entry to the park, just like the $35 vehicle fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12062225 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors stand at Tunnel View overlook in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, Yosemite National Park and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, other national parks where non U.S. residents will have to pay the extra fees are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Acadia National Park, Maine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Everglades National Park, Florida\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Glacier National Park, Montana\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Zion National Park, Utah\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>To date this year, these 11 parks have seen around a combined 23 million visitors. The National Park Service doesn’t currently track the proportion of visitors coming to parks from outside the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much will an annual pass be for tourists to the U.S.?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Currently,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/planyourvisit/passes.htm\"> an $80 annual National Park Service pass\u003c/a> is available to all, with no residency requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as of Jan. 1, an annual national parks pass for non U.S. residents, which will allow free entry at any national park, will be $250 per passholder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062211\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12062211\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors look at a welcome at the entrance to Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Howwillfeesforinternationaltravelersbeenforced\">\u003c/a>How will these fees for international travelers be enforced?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of the Interior, all visitors age 16 and older with annual passes will be asked to present a U.S. government-issued photo ID at the entrance of every national park, such as a passport or state driver’s license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who don’t have a U.S. ID to present “will be asked to upgrade to the nonresident annual pass,” a DOI spokesperson told KQED by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Visitors will confirm their residency by providing a ZIP code when purchasing a pass online and must present a U.S. government-issued photo ID when using it,” the DOI spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatshouldUSresidentsknowaboutenteringnationalparksin2026\">\u003c/a>What should U.S. residents know about changes to national parks entry next year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To enforce annual pass compliance for non-U.S. residents, starting Jan. 1, all visitors age 16 and older with annual passes will be asked to present a U.S. government-issued photo ID to prove their U.S. residency. Currently, a national parks annual pass bears a message requiring the pass to be signed by the passholder, who must be present and provide “Valid Photo ID.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month’s DOI announcement also included the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/video/digital-park-passes\">digital annual passes\u003c/a> for national parks, which can be bought and accessed online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062221\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12062221 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors stand at Tunnel View overlook in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new entry policies will also allow two motorcycles, rather than just one, to enter under a single annual park pass in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lineup of the national parks’ fee-free days has also been altered. Martin Luther King Jr. Day and Juneteenth have been removed from the list of days on which visitors can enter the park for free. Flag Day on June 16, which is also President Trump’s birthday, has been added, as has Constitution Day on Sept. 17. The fee-free days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/planyourvisit/passes.htm\">listed here\u003c/a>, do not apply to non-U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year’s annual passes will also feature new graphics on the cards to commemorate the 250th anniversary of U.S. independence, featuring the faces of former President George Washington and President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is there any way for international visitors to avoid the higher fees?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new fees go into effect Jan. 1, 2026. But because annual passes are punched on the date of purchase and are valid for 12 months on a rolling basis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/NationalPark/comments/1p7ae7x/tourist_if_i_buy_this_pass_as_a_non_resident_now/\">some online are recommending\u003c/a> that non U.S. residents intending to visit any national parks in 2026 purchase a pass now under the current rate system, to save money next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the DOI confirmed to KQED by email that “international visitors with a valid 2025 pass can use that pass until it expires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12062224 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person fishes in the Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the announcement, the Mariposa County Tourism Bureau published \u003ca href=\"https://www.yosemite.com/nonresident-and-international-fees/\">a guide to help foreign travelers navigate the new fee structure\u003c/a>. In it, the organization recommends that most groups of international visitors who plan to visit more than one national park in 2026 purchase the $250 annual pass for non U.S. residents — but that solo travelers or couples who are only planning to visit one park, like Yosemite, should probably swallow the $100 per-person fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elisabeth Barton, founding member and CEO of tour company Echo Adventure Cooperative, which operates guided tours in and around Yosemite and Stanislaus National Forest, said tour groups like hers are still waiting on specifics for how the fee change might affect groups entering the park. However, she’s expecting to know more details later in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barton said she’s considering adding certain tours, like more of those operating just outside the park’s boundaries, to cater especially to international visitors in an attempt to keep costs down for them. She pointed to a number of rafting and Jeep tour operators who already offer these price-reduced tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, she even recommended buying the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/fees.htm#pass__4\">$70 annual Yosemite-only pass\u003c/a> as the best current option, “even though it is expensive,” — if only to avoid what she called the “demeaning” exercise of having to produce paperwork when entering and exiting the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have the full picture yet,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is the U.S. government increasing national park fees for international travelers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to a DOI spokesperson, the fee increase is a direct response to President Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/making-america-beautiful-again-by-improving-our-national-parks/\">July 3 executive order\u003c/a> that instructed the Interior Secretary to increase park pass rates for nonresidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Revenue from the increased fees is slated to go to park facility upgrades, maintenance and services, according to the Department of the Interior’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/department-interior-announces-modernized-more-affordable-national-park-access\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SecretaryBurgum/status/1993381881380061610\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their email to KQED, a DOI spokesperson argued that revenue from passes sold will “help keep our parks beautiful and running well, including for … \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/infrastructure/deferred-maintenance.htm\">the deferred maintenance backlog\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nonresident surcharge is a small fraction of total trip costs (airfare, lodging, transport) for foreign tourists,” the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What concerns are already being raised about levying higher fees for parks on international tourists?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In response to the announcement, parks advocacy groups, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2025/11/sierra-club-statement-trump-administration-hike-nps-entrance-fees\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and the Coalition to Protect National Parks, released statements condemning the coming changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, these groups raised concerns about the burden of checking IDs on already overworked parks staff — as well as the potential that increased fees for foreigners could deter international travel to parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11997996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11997996\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper Yosemite Fall is reflected in the Merced River at Swinging Bridge in Yosemite National Park on June 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tracy Barbutes/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If the administration wants to support the National Park System, we urge them to help ensure our national parks are fully funded and fully staffed,” Coalition to Protect National Parks Executive Director Emily Thompson said in an emailed statement to KQED. “That’s the answer rather than focusing on complicated directives that will only increase the workload for park staff already overstretched to keep everything running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite-based tour guides have also expressed concern that the new policy could create long wait times at park gates while IDs are being checked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John DeGrazio, owner of Yosemite tour provider YExplore, said the rules may put park rangers — and even guiding businesses like his — in the uncomfortable position of asking for identification to determine U.S. residency, calling it “a stripping away of freedoms.”[aside postID=news_12062476 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-93-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg']The policy, fears DeGrazio, “could be a gateway: Are they gonna now position ICE agents at the entrance of national parks?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It kind of goes against the whole idea of going out and visiting our national parks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policies could also put a deeper dent in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040535/canadians-tourists-say-they-are-avoiding-the-united-states-due-to-fear\">already precipitous drop in international tourism \u003c/a>reported this year — with \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/suzannerowankelleher/2025/07/03/us-tourism-lose-29-billion-trump-policies/\">estimates as high as $30 billion lost\u003c/a> this year due to fewer international visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeGrazio said he’s worried the parks fee increase will be an even further “inhibitor of visitation” to parks nationwide, shrinking demand for businesses like his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Echo Adventure Cooperative’s Barton said she’d already fielded a cancellation following the announcement, from an international tourist who’d planned to visit Yosemite in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quoting the visitor, she said, “‘The cost is one thing, but just feeling that we get that we’re not wanted in the United States was enough for us to cancel our visit,’” Barton said. “And that broke my heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How many foreigners typically visit these U.S. National Parks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the DOI doesn’t collect statistics on international parks visitorship, a spokesperson told KQED by email that the agency plans to begin doing so next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ustravel.org/sites/default/files/media_root/document/NPS_Overseas_Highlights_V1%20%281%29.pdf\">estimates\u003c/a> from the U.S. Travel Association, around 35% of international travelers visited national parks as part of their trips in 2016 — and more than 14 million foreigners visited national parks in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059389\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors hike the Mist Trail toward Vernal Falls on Aug. 31, 2025, in the Yosemite National Park, California. \u003ccite>(Apu Gomes/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DeGrazio said the number of international customers his Yosemite tour company sees has been going down steadily, from around 30% “a couple of years ago” to less than 10% this year — and is worried it could decrease even more as a result of the new fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a terrible, short-sighted idea that will damage local businesses in and around the national parks,” he said. “Everyone believes that there is no positive outcome for a move like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barton said that changes to travel and immigration policies under President Trump had even left one family who had reserved cabins in the Yosemite area through her company with half their group unable to get into the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already seeing these policies affect our gateway communities, and this is just going to take it another step forward,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also fears that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">Trump’s rhetoric around immigration \u003c/a>has fueled what she calls “us versus them” conversations happening in rural communities where these national parks are located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What permission does that give folks, and how will that change the visitor experience?” she said. “I think that’s my biggest concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, visitors to the United States will have to pay $100 each to enter some of the country’s most popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/national-parks\">national parks\u003c/a> — on top of existing entry fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Department of the Interior Secretary Doug Burgum \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/department-interior-announces-modernized-more-affordable-national-park-access\">announced\u003c/a> over Thanksgiving week that entry fees for 11 national parks — including Yosemite National Park — are going up for foreign visitors only in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while park entry fees for U.S. residents will remain the same, typically $35 per vehicle or $80 for an annual pass, as of Jan. 1, anyone who can’t prove their U.S. residency with a government-issued ID will have to pay the additional $100 at major national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement means a steep increase in national park fees for tourists to the U.S., who will also see the cost of buying an annual pass for themselves rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what we know about the new national park fees for 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#Howwillfeesforinternationaltravelersbeenforced\">How will fees for international travelers be enforced?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#WhatshouldUSresidentsknowaboutenteringnationalparksin2026\">What should U.S. residents know about entering national parks in 2026? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>At which national parks do non-U.S. residents have to pay higher fees?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, 2026, a $100 per-person fee — charged on top of the typical fee of $35 per vehicle — will apply to entry for foreigners ages 16 and older at 11 of the country’s most-visited national parks (see below).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of the Interior confirmed in an email to KQED that the new fees will apply for the amount of time the entry ticket is valid. For Yosemite, for example, the $100 per-person fee would be valid for seven days of entry to the park, just like the $35 vehicle fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12062225 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-114-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors stand at Tunnel View overlook in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, Yosemite National Park and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, other national parks where non U.S. residents will have to pay the extra fees are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Acadia National Park, Maine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Everglades National Park, Florida\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Glacier National Park, Montana\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Zion National Park, Utah\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>To date this year, these 11 parks have seen around a combined 23 million visitors. The National Park Service doesn’t currently track the proportion of visitors coming to parks from outside the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much will an annual pass be for tourists to the U.S.?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Currently,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/planyourvisit/passes.htm\"> an $80 annual National Park Service pass\u003c/a> is available to all, with no residency requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as of Jan. 1, an annual national parks pass for non U.S. residents, which will allow free entry at any national park, will be $250 per passholder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062211\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12062211\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251027-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-18-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors look at a welcome at the entrance to Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Howwillfeesforinternationaltravelersbeenforced\">\u003c/a>How will these fees for international travelers be enforced?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of the Interior, all visitors age 16 and older with annual passes will be asked to present a U.S. government-issued photo ID at the entrance of every national park, such as a passport or state driver’s license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who don’t have a U.S. ID to present “will be asked to upgrade to the nonresident annual pass,” a DOI spokesperson told KQED by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Visitors will confirm their residency by providing a ZIP code when purchasing a pass online and must present a U.S. government-issued photo ID when using it,” the DOI spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatshouldUSresidentsknowaboutenteringnationalparksin2026\">\u003c/a>What should U.S. residents know about changes to national parks entry next year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To enforce annual pass compliance for non-U.S. residents, starting Jan. 1, all visitors age 16 and older with annual passes will be asked to present a U.S. government-issued photo ID to prove their U.S. residency. Currently, a national parks annual pass bears a message requiring the pass to be signed by the passholder, who must be present and provide “Valid Photo ID.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month’s DOI announcement also included the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/video/digital-park-passes\">digital annual passes\u003c/a> for national parks, which can be bought and accessed online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062221\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12062221 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-61-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors stand at Tunnel View overlook in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new entry policies will also allow two motorcycles, rather than just one, to enter under a single annual park pass in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lineup of the national parks’ fee-free days has also been altered. Martin Luther King Jr. Day and Juneteenth have been removed from the list of days on which visitors can enter the park for free. Flag Day on June 16, which is also President Trump’s birthday, has been added, as has Constitution Day on Sept. 17. The fee-free days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/planyourvisit/passes.htm\">listed here\u003c/a>, do not apply to non-U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year’s annual passes will also feature new graphics on the cards to commemorate the 250th anniversary of U.S. independence, featuring the faces of former President George Washington and President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is there any way for international visitors to avoid the higher fees?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new fees go into effect Jan. 1, 2026. But because annual passes are punched on the date of purchase and are valid for 12 months on a rolling basis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/NationalPark/comments/1p7ae7x/tourist_if_i_buy_this_pass_as_a_non_resident_now/\">some online are recommending\u003c/a> that non U.S. residents intending to visit any national parks in 2026 purchase a pass now under the current rate system, to save money next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the DOI confirmed to KQED by email that “international visitors with a valid 2025 pass can use that pass until it expires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12062224 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251028-YOSEMITESHUTDOWN-112-BL_QED-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person fishes in the Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Oct. 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the announcement, the Mariposa County Tourism Bureau published \u003ca href=\"https://www.yosemite.com/nonresident-and-international-fees/\">a guide to help foreign travelers navigate the new fee structure\u003c/a>. In it, the organization recommends that most groups of international visitors who plan to visit more than one national park in 2026 purchase the $250 annual pass for non U.S. residents — but that solo travelers or couples who are only planning to visit one park, like Yosemite, should probably swallow the $100 per-person fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elisabeth Barton, founding member and CEO of tour company Echo Adventure Cooperative, which operates guided tours in and around Yosemite and Stanislaus National Forest, said tour groups like hers are still waiting on specifics for how the fee change might affect groups entering the park. However, she’s expecting to know more details later in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barton said she’s considering adding certain tours, like more of those operating just outside the park’s boundaries, to cater especially to international visitors in an attempt to keep costs down for them. She pointed to a number of rafting and Jeep tour operators who already offer these price-reduced tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, she even recommended buying the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/fees.htm#pass__4\">$70 annual Yosemite-only pass\u003c/a> as the best current option, “even though it is expensive,” — if only to avoid what she called the “demeaning” exercise of having to produce paperwork when entering and exiting the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have the full picture yet,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is the U.S. government increasing national park fees for international travelers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to a DOI spokesperson, the fee increase is a direct response to President Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/making-america-beautiful-again-by-improving-our-national-parks/\">July 3 executive order\u003c/a> that instructed the Interior Secretary to increase park pass rates for nonresidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Revenue from the increased fees is slated to go to park facility upgrades, maintenance and services, according to the Department of the Interior’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/department-interior-announces-modernized-more-affordable-national-park-access\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In their email to KQED, a DOI spokesperson argued that revenue from passes sold will “help keep our parks beautiful and running well, including for … \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/infrastructure/deferred-maintenance.htm\">the deferred maintenance backlog\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nonresident surcharge is a small fraction of total trip costs (airfare, lodging, transport) for foreign tourists,” the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What concerns are already being raised about levying higher fees for parks on international tourists?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In response to the announcement, parks advocacy groups, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2025/11/sierra-club-statement-trump-administration-hike-nps-entrance-fees\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and the Coalition to Protect National Parks, released statements condemning the coming changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, these groups raised concerns about the burden of checking IDs on already overworked parks staff — as well as the potential that increased fees for foreigners could deter international travel to parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11997996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11997996\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/GETTYIMAGES-2021284785-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upper Yosemite Fall is reflected in the Merced River at Swinging Bridge in Yosemite National Park on June 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tracy Barbutes/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If the administration wants to support the National Park System, we urge them to help ensure our national parks are fully funded and fully staffed,” Coalition to Protect National Parks Executive Director Emily Thompson said in an emailed statement to KQED. “That’s the answer rather than focusing on complicated directives that will only increase the workload for park staff already overstretched to keep everything running.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite-based tour guides have also expressed concern that the new policy could create long wait times at park gates while IDs are being checked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John DeGrazio, owner of Yosemite tour provider YExplore, said the rules may put park rangers — and even guiding businesses like his — in the uncomfortable position of asking for identification to determine U.S. residency, calling it “a stripping away of freedoms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The policy, fears DeGrazio, “could be a gateway: Are they gonna now position ICE agents at the entrance of national parks?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It kind of goes against the whole idea of going out and visiting our national parks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policies could also put a deeper dent in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040535/canadians-tourists-say-they-are-avoiding-the-united-states-due-to-fear\">already precipitous drop in international tourism \u003c/a>reported this year — with \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/suzannerowankelleher/2025/07/03/us-tourism-lose-29-billion-trump-policies/\">estimates as high as $30 billion lost\u003c/a> this year due to fewer international visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeGrazio said he’s worried the parks fee increase will be an even further “inhibitor of visitation” to parks nationwide, shrinking demand for businesses like his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Echo Adventure Cooperative’s Barton said she’d already fielded a cancellation following the announcement, from an international tourist who’d planned to visit Yosemite in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quoting the visitor, she said, “‘The cost is one thing, but just feeling that we get that we’re not wanted in the United States was enough for us to cancel our visit,’” Barton said. “And that broke my heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How many foreigners typically visit these U.S. National Parks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the DOI doesn’t collect statistics on international parks visitorship, a spokesperson told KQED by email that the agency plans to begin doing so next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ustravel.org/sites/default/files/media_root/document/NPS_Overseas_Highlights_V1%20%281%29.pdf\">estimates\u003c/a> from the U.S. Travel Association, around 35% of international travelers visited national parks as part of their trips in 2016 — and more than 14 million foreigners visited national parks in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059389\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/YosemiteGetty2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors hike the Mist Trail toward Vernal Falls on Aug. 31, 2025, in the Yosemite National Park, California. \u003ccite>(Apu Gomes/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DeGrazio said the number of international customers his Yosemite tour company sees has been going down steadily, from around 30% “a couple of years ago” to less than 10% this year — and is worried it could decrease even more as a result of the new fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a terrible, short-sighted idea that will damage local businesses in and around the national parks,” he said. “Everyone believes that there is no positive outcome for a move like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barton said that changes to travel and immigration policies under President Trump had even left one family who had reserved cabins in the Yosemite area through her company with half their group unable to get into the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already seeing these policies affect our gateway communities, and this is just going to take it another step forward,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also fears that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">Trump’s rhetoric around immigration \u003c/a>has fueled what she calls “us versus them” conversations happening in rural communities where these national parks are located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What permission does that give folks, and how will that change the visitor experience?” she said. “I think that’s my biggest concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Afghan American leaders in the Bay Area are increasingly worried that last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065556/newsom-condemns-violence-of-any-kind-after-national-guard-troops-are-shot-in-d-c\">shooting of two National Guard members\u003c/a> near the White House will spark a political backlash against Afghan evacuees nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmanullah Lakanwal, a 29-year-old Afghan national who served in a CIA-backed strike force in Afghanistan before being evacuated to the U.S. in 2021, is accused of killing Army Spc. Sarah Beckstrom and wounding Air Force Staff Sgt. Andrew Wolfe. Leaders of the Bay Area’s Afghan community said they were horrified by the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053196/how-fremont-became-a-hub-for-afghan-americans\">largest Afghan populations in the U.S.\u003c/a>, but across the Bay Area, Afghan Americans said they are already feeling the fervor surrounding the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghan American Foundation Board Chair Joseph Azam of Oakland said the community is concerned that the alleged actions of one man will now be used to justify broad restrictions on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As Americans, anybody who doesn’t start with the horror of what happened is missing the gravity of this moment,” Azam said. “But there’s also fear. People are nervous for their safety because political rhetoric comes with real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters after the shooting, President Trump vacillated from suggesting the suspect might have gone “cuckoo” to arguing he was not properly vetted. He went on to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-are-you-stupid-trump-rebuffs-reporters-question-on-afghan-resettlement-vetting\">insult\u003c/a> a CBS reporter who tried to ask why his own administration had recently described the evacuee vetting process as thorough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12051925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12051925 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/GettyImages-2229572233-scaled-e1756854510343.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. President Donald Trump answers questions during a press conference in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House on Aug. 11, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Trump announced he will use his authority to place the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department under federal control to assist in crime prevention in the nation’s capital, and that the National Guard will be deployed to D.C. \u003ccite>(Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At one point, he launched into familiar anti-immigrant rhetoric, describing them as criminals and a national security threat, saying: “For the most part, we don’t want them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the shooting, the Trump administration said it would halt the processing of Afghan immigration applications. Azam said many in the community worry that the federal response signals a return to the suspicion and xenophobia that Middle Easterners and others faced after the Sept. 11 attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m hearing a sense that we’re going back in time, to darker periods when communities have been scapegoated, targeted and used as political pawns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Aisha Wahab (D–Hayward), the first Afghan American \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932627/aisha-wahab-on-her-historic-election-to-the-state-senate\">elected to the California Legislature\u003c/a>, called the attacks on National Guard members on U.S. soil “disheartening.”[aside postID=news_12063980 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231005-TRUCK-GETTY-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Wahab said that while many questions remain for investigators, it’s clear that Afghans undergo some of the most rigorous security screening of any immigrant population, such as biometric data and interagency scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mere fact of this incident taking place should not be used as an excuse by political parties to demonize immigrants,” Wahab said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that Afghans who worked alongside U.S. forces did so under extraordinary circumstances — and at great personal risk — after being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040425/bay-area-afghans-allies-decry-trumps-end-of-tps-theyre-terrified\">promised a path to safety\u003c/a> for themselves and their immediate families. Many, she said, are still coping with trauma from decades of war. She called for a balanced response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are individuals that will have mental health issues, that will have PTSD, that will have a lot of other concerns,” Wahab said, “but we also are a nation built by immigrants. And we need to honor that and make sure that people feel welcomed and supported and treated equally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said approximately 80% of recent Afghan arrivals are working, with many employed at major American companies or serving in the U.S. military. Halting their progress because of one violent act, he said, would be “a tough pill to swallow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060605\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator’s silhouette is cast beneath an American flag during the No Kings National Day of Action in Oakland on Oct. 18, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He called on national leaders in both parties to return to the bipartisan cooperation that once guided Afghan resettlement, pointing to the 2021 testimony of Trump’s former national security advisor-turned United Nations ambassador, Mike Waltz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waltz, the first Green Beret elected to the U.S. House, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/22/167/108/CREC-2021-06-22.pdf\">appeared\u003c/a> before Congress alongside one of his former Afghan interpreters as he urged the Biden White House to take care of its allies as the U.S. military completed its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101885239/afghanistan-in-a-long-history-of-military-withdrawals\">withdrawal from Afghanistan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to ask ourselves, as Americans, what message are we sending in terms of keeping our promises, not only with the Afghans, but again, around the world?” Waltz testified. “The bottom line is, we need to get them out. We have a moral obligation to get them out. This is not just a moral obligation, but it is a national security obligation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said the answer to one heinous act is not collective punishment: “I hope cooler heads prevail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Afghan American leaders in the Bay Area are increasingly worried that last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065556/newsom-condemns-violence-of-any-kind-after-national-guard-troops-are-shot-in-d-c\">shooting of two National Guard members\u003c/a> near the White House will spark a political backlash against Afghan evacuees nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahmanullah Lakanwal, a 29-year-old Afghan national who served in a CIA-backed strike force in Afghanistan before being evacuated to the U.S. in 2021, is accused of killing Army Spc. Sarah Beckstrom and wounding Air Force Staff Sgt. Andrew Wolfe. Leaders of the Bay Area’s Afghan community said they were horrified by the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12053196/how-fremont-became-a-hub-for-afghan-americans\">largest Afghan populations in the U.S.\u003c/a>, but across the Bay Area, Afghan Americans said they are already feeling the fervor surrounding the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afghan American Foundation Board Chair Joseph Azam of Oakland said the community is concerned that the alleged actions of one man will now be used to justify broad restrictions on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As Americans, anybody who doesn’t start with the horror of what happened is missing the gravity of this moment,” Azam said. “But there’s also fear. People are nervous for their safety because political rhetoric comes with real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters after the shooting, President Trump vacillated from suggesting the suspect might have gone “cuckoo” to arguing he was not properly vetted. He went on to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-are-you-stupid-trump-rebuffs-reporters-question-on-afghan-resettlement-vetting\">insult\u003c/a> a CBS reporter who tried to ask why his own administration had recently described the evacuee vetting process as thorough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12051925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12051925 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/GettyImages-2229572233-scaled-e1756854510343.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. President Donald Trump answers questions during a press conference in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House on Aug. 11, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Trump announced he will use his authority to place the D.C. Metropolitan Police Department under federal control to assist in crime prevention in the nation’s capital, and that the National Guard will be deployed to D.C. \u003ccite>(Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At one point, he launched into familiar anti-immigrant rhetoric, describing them as criminals and a national security threat, saying: “For the most part, we don’t want them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the shooting, the Trump administration said it would halt the processing of Afghan immigration applications. Azam said many in the community worry that the federal response signals a return to the suspicion and xenophobia that Middle Easterners and others faced after the Sept. 11 attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m hearing a sense that we’re going back in time, to darker periods when communities have been scapegoated, targeted and used as political pawns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Aisha Wahab (D–Hayward), the first Afghan American \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932627/aisha-wahab-on-her-historic-election-to-the-state-senate\">elected to the California Legislature\u003c/a>, called the attacks on National Guard members on U.S. soil “disheartening.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Wahab said that while many questions remain for investigators, it’s clear that Afghans undergo some of the most rigorous security screening of any immigrant population, such as biometric data and interagency scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mere fact of this incident taking place should not be used as an excuse by political parties to demonize immigrants,” Wahab said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that Afghans who worked alongside U.S. forces did so under extraordinary circumstances — and at great personal risk — after being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040425/bay-area-afghans-allies-decry-trumps-end-of-tps-theyre-terrified\">promised a path to safety\u003c/a> for themselves and their immediate families. Many, she said, are still coping with trauma from decades of war. She called for a balanced response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are individuals that will have mental health issues, that will have PTSD, that will have a lot of other concerns,” Wahab said, “but we also are a nation built by immigrants. And we need to honor that and make sure that people feel welcomed and supported and treated equally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said approximately 80% of recent Afghan arrivals are working, with many employed at major American companies or serving in the U.S. military. Halting their progress because of one violent act, he said, would be “a tough pill to swallow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060605\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251018_NoKingsOakland_Hernandez-26_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator’s silhouette is cast beneath an American flag during the No Kings National Day of Action in Oakland on Oct. 18, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He called on national leaders in both parties to return to the bipartisan cooperation that once guided Afghan resettlement, pointing to the 2021 testimony of Trump’s former national security advisor-turned United Nations ambassador, Mike Waltz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waltz, the first Green Beret elected to the U.S. House, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/22/167/108/CREC-2021-06-22.pdf\">appeared\u003c/a> before Congress alongside one of his former Afghan interpreters as he urged the Biden White House to take care of its allies as the U.S. military completed its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101885239/afghanistan-in-a-long-history-of-military-withdrawals\">withdrawal from Afghanistan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to ask ourselves, as Americans, what message are we sending in terms of keeping our promises, not only with the Afghans, but again, around the world?” Waltz testified. “The bottom line is, we need to get them out. We have a moral obligation to get them out. This is not just a moral obligation, but it is a national security obligation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azam said the answer to one heinous act is not collective punishment: “I hope cooler heads prevail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-fear-of-trumps-immigration-blitz-is-changing-life-in-california-farm-towns",
"title": "How Fear of Trump’s Immigration Blitz Is Changing Life in California Farm Towns",
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"headTitle": "How Fear of Trump’s Immigration Blitz Is Changing Life in California Farm Towns | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trailing in the shade of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/farming\">tractor-pulled harvester\u003c/a>, a small huddle of people in broad hats trawl the ochre rows of a green field. Every six or so feet, someone squats down and pulls into the morning sunlight a bright, spotted watermelon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking a dozen yards behind this crew of pickers is their supervisor, Raul. He has done this for 21 years, since he was 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He, better than anybody, knows that perfectly ripe watermelons aren’t just pulled off the vine, they’re chosen. And the choosing still relies, as it ever has, on workers who are delicate with the fruit and severe with the choice. The job requires years of repetition: seeing the right melon, bending to heft it, cutting its root and placing it carefully on the harvester bed or a bag hanging off the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rookies have trouble. They pick a melon before it’s ready, or they fumble the blades and cut themselves, or their bodies simply inform them after a day or a week of bending and lifting and bending and lifting that they will not be getting out of bed that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-44-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A back view of a person in work clothes and a hat walking through a field of watermelons as workers harvest in the background on a tractor.\">\u003cfigcaption>A farmworker walks through a field where melons are harvested at a farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Raul knows this land. He raised his kids in the farmland around the town of Firebaugh, 38 miles west of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/fresno\">Fresno\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to a grove of full-grown almond trees near the Del Bosque melon farm where he works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were putting in those trees when they were young, my first year,” Raul said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last two decades, Raul would drive north when the melon harvest ends to work in the vineyards and then the apple and cherry orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year is different, and Raul, who didn’t want his last name used in this story because he is in the country illegally, is not sure how much longer he can stay in the United States.[aside postID=news_12055072 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/20250903_FARMLABORCRISIS_GC-20-KQED.jpg']As this year’s harvest ends, the small Central Valley towns that rely on migrant or undocumented labor to survive are themselves forced to imagine the end of a way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worry here is the workers might not return next year, at least not in the numbers that sustain local economies and power the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov/wordpress/?p=29277\">$60 billion agricultural industry\u003c/a>, which grows three-fourths of the fruits and nuts consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration \u003c/a>has pledged to carry out the largest deportation program in American history. They have, so far, mostly left the agricultural industry alone. But Trump and his advisers \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/08/08/trump-teased-a-solution-for-farmers-its-likely-not-coming-soon-00498932\">have wavered\u003c/a> on whether to protect farms from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">immigration raids,\u003c/a> so the seasonal workers and their employers will have to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, what connects tiny truck stop towns and big cities of this part of the valley \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/03/immigration-raids-rumors/\">is fear\u003c/a>: of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2024/04/california-farmers-groundwater-probation-kings-county/\">tightened water allocations\u003c/a>, of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/08/california-european-wines-tariffs/\">market turbulence\u003c/a> and, this year, of immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small farm towns in the Central Valley are similar in their seasonal economics to a beach town on the East Coast: Both swell in summer with a population boom, then dig in for a slow winter. Firebaugh City Manager Ben Gallegos said the town of 4,000 grows to 8,000 people in the summer, then empties out after the harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story plays out in the numbers, but already this year’s numbers tell a different tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-04-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of three watermelons growing on a vine in the middle of a field with the sun rising in the background, as workers pick in the far distance, just out of focus.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person holds up a watermelon after picking it from a field to put it on a conveyor belt while working in a watermelon field. The person has a slight shadow over their face to not show their identity.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First: \u003c/strong>Melons in a field at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> A farmworker picks up a melon while harvesting at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photos by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the second quarter of the year, which runs from April 1 to June 30, total taxable transactions in Firebaugh were down 29% from the same quarter last year, according to the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. In nearby Chowchilla, total taxable receipts are down 21% in the second quarter of this year compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People don’t want to shop or go out to eat, Gallegos said. The city of Firebaugh is staring down cuts to its police force, its parks and its senior center. In September, the appearance of county probation officers dressed in green fatigues caused waves of panicked Whatsapp texts. Some people went into hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food bank in Firebaugh used to serve about 50 families. Today, at weekly distributions behind city hall, that number is up to 150. When it’s over, volunteers take the remaining food boxes to families who are too afraid to leave their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need those individuals to drive our community,” Gallegos said. “They’re the ones that eat at our local restaurants, they’re the ones that shop at our local stores. Without them, what do we do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-06-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A side view of field workers picking watermelons in a green field filled with vines behind a tractor pulling a conveyor belt. In the background are more green fields and a view of a semi-truck driving on a highway.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers harvest melons behind a tractor on a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re scared to come out \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/09/la-immigration-sweeps-supreme-court/\">because of the color of their skin\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raul and his crew of six pickers will have to choose, too. Will they come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Borrowed time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“My clients say this country’s not for them anymore,” said Fresno immigration attorney Jesus Ibañez, who works with farmworkers. “They feel like they’re on borrowed time here. That sentiment is not one I heard a lot one year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices to stay or self-deport come down to money, but also the futures those farmworkers want for their children born in the United States, Ibañez said.[aside postID=news_12065240 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/IMG_4486-1020x765.jpeg']Sometimes the choice is more complicated – the U.S. isn’t as safe for them as it was, but its school districts still offer things like mental health care and physical therapy that migrant workers fear they won’t get in their home countries. Balanced against that is the possibility of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/10/caregiver-deportation-california/\">one or both parents being deported\u003c/a>, leaving the children with no legal guardians in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistically, it’s difficult to even know the number of farmworkers employed today, let alone how much the fear of deportation is affecting employment in the industry. In late October, Ag Alert, a publication of the California Farm Bureau, \u003ca href=\"https://www.agalert.com/california-ag-news/archives/october-22-2025/farmworkers-set-fear-aside-to-pick-california-bounty/\">broke the news\u003c/a> that both the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Labor canceled annual farmworker labor surveys. That means that, for the first time since the late 1980s, there is no federal documentation of farmworker hours, wages or demographics. Historically, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/chart-detail?chartId=63466\">about 40% of farmworkers\u003c/a> in the last decade were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Pew Research Center found that more immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/08/21/key-findings-about-us-immigrants/?mod=ANLink\">left the country or were deported\u003c/a> this year than the number who arrived. If the trend holds until the end of the year, 2025 will be the first year since the 1960s that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/08/immigrant-population-declines/\">the population of immigrants in the U.S. falls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Raul, the question of returning is simple. He will need to earn money so he can support his kids, so he plans on coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Que quisiera un padre? Raul said. “Quiere que sea lo mejor para los hijos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What would a father want? He wants what’s best for his children.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A town shaped by a river\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The road into Firebaugh rolls up and over a wash, next to the spot where Andrew Firebaugh founded a ferry across the San Joaquin River that became an important stop on stagecoach routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river has always been what kept this town alive, first as an obstacle around which they built a settlement and later as the lifeblood of its farms and fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-38-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A water tower that reads “Firebaugh” on its side over a street in a small town, with vehicles driving by between local businesses.\">\u003cfigcaption>The water tower in Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside of town, the pavement has fractured and buckled. The street signs are tiny and faded on the broad grid of roads bounded by fields that push right up to the street. You orient yourself with both cardinal directions and crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prunus amygdalus\u003c/em>, also called almond trees, look like they’re raising their arms. \u003cem>Pistacia vera\u003c/em>, the pistachio tree, look like they’re shrugging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uncovered truck bed bins spill ripe red tomatoes on tight turns. Tractors with their tillers raised trundle slowly down the highway. On the side of the road bobs of lettuce heads peek out of the ground, followed by a massive pile of unhulled almonds, and then a series of palm trees, some very tall and some a little squat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of two rows of trees growing crops in an agricultural field on a cloudy morning.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425_Melon-Farm-Day-2_LV_CM_08-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A semi-truck carrying crops drives down the street during an early morning illuminated by the soft orange light of the sunrise.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> Rows of trees in an orchard outside of Firebaugh.\u003cstrong> Last:\u003c/strong> A truck carrying crops drives through farmland outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the corner of one of these roads, just before it meets the interstate, is the melon farm owned by Joe Del Bosque, Raul’s employer of 21 years. And the first thing people inclined to these kinds of questions will ask Del Bosque is why he hires undocumented labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He begins explaining his trouble hiring people on the federal H-2A visa, which permits employers to hire foreign seasonal workers. It’s not just that he has to pay them $3 more per hour, Del Bosque said. It’s that he must also pay for their transportation to and from the farm every day. He must pay for the rooms where they sleep and the food they eat. It is, he said, economically impossible to rely on the visa program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next suggestion is hiring local people. Del Bosque laughed and said he tried that. The locals made it a week, at the most, and then found some other way to make money that didn’t leave them sore all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows that one day soon, he’ll likely have to turn over operations to the only family member active in the business, his son-in-law. But that’s only if there’s still a farm to hand over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have a lot of confidence that the future of our farm and a lot of farms is looking very good right now,” Del Bosque said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-30.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of a man dressed in a cowboy hat and a button-down shirt standing in a watermelon field. The vines from the field are visible in the lower portion of the frame, with a part of a mountain range peaking out in the background and a blue sky as the backdrop.\">\u003cfigcaption>Joe Del Bosque, owner of Del Bosque Farms, stands in one of his melon fields as they are being harvested outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is already sounding the alarm on losing farmworkers and the threat that poses to the nation’s food supply in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/02/2025-19365/adverse-effect-wage-rate-methodology-for-the-temporary-employment-of-h-2a-nonimmigrants-in-non-range\">notice in the Federal Register in October.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The near total cessation of the inflow of illegal aliens combined with the lack of an available legal workforce, results in significant disruptions to production costs and threatening the stability of domestic food production and prices for U.S consumers,” the department said in a rule-making proposal that would allow employers to pay H-2A workers less than they are paying now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless the Department acts immediately to provide a source of stable and lawful labor, this threat will grow,” the notice said, citing the likelihood of enhanced immigration enforcement under the budget bill Trump signed earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those longer-term consequences in the labor market won’t be felt evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This is Trump country\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno County and the rest of the Central Valley went for Trump in the 2024 election. Del Bosque calls himself a conservative, though he \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=joe+del+bosque\">donates to both parties\u003c/a> – Democratic Sen. Adam Schiff and former President \u003ca href=\"https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/joe-del-bosque\">Barack Obama\u003c/a> have both made public visits to his acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to his farm – right up on the property line where everyone will see it – is a massive Trump 2024 sign, erected by his neighbor. No one driving to the Del Bosque Farm will miss it. Del Bosque laughs about it, but it’s also a reflection of how their differing crops help define their politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-34-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A banner on a sign that reads “2024 TRUMP END THIS HELL SAVE AMERICA NOW” on the side of a country road next to a fence. In the background is a red barn on a ranch and a mountain range.\">\u003cfigcaption>A Trump sign posted on a neighboring property of Del Bosque Farms outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Del Bosque grows melons, which are labor intensive and require lots of people to work long hours. He supports an easier path to employment for undocumented workers. Next door, his neighbor grows almonds. They only require one person to drive a “shaker” to get the nuts out of the trees and another to operate the basket that catches them as they fall. His neighbor, whom CalMatters was unable to contact, doesn’t require much labor at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the thing, not all farms are the same, not all farmers are the same,” Del Bosque said. “I’m concerned about these people. (The neighbor) is not concerned about that, because he has almonds. He manages his almonds with just him and one or two more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can do his whole farm with two, three people. So this immigration (enforcement) does not affect him at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Author and Central Valley farmer David Mas Masumoto wrote about neighborly tension in his 1995 “Epitaph for a Peach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on labor from Mexico, part of a seasonal flow of men and families. Many come here for the summer, return to Mexico during the slow winter months, and return the following year. They’re predominantly young men with the faces of boys. We’re dependent on their strong backs and quick hands. And they are hungry for work.…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This September, farmers drive down the road staring straight ahead, steering clear of a chance meeting with a competitor who was once a neighbor. Eyes avoid eyes, hands hesitate and refrain from waving. It’s an ugly September.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics out here can make it a whole ugly season.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Big and rapid change’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a precedent for trying to understand that major of a disruption to our state’s economy and demographics,” said Liz Carlisle, an associate professor in the Environmental Studies Program at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-12-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A view of field workers walking in a line between rows of trees in an agricultural field and a country road. The workers are walking along power poles near the field as the sun rises in the background, casting a golden haze across the sky.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers walk past rows of trees on an orchard outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Something is changing in one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060895/visiting-a-vineyard-to-see-how-the-bays-wine-industry-is-doing\">Wine grapes are going unharvested\u003c/a>, rotting in the fields, as exports to Canada collapsed under new tariffs and younger consumers started shying away from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalley.com/2025/01/28/california-groundwater-crisis-farms-fail/\">Land values are cratering\u003c/a> in places with limited water, leaving farmers in multi-million dollar debt. Water costs are skyrocketing in part because of a \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">2014 conservation law\u003c/a> that seeks to regulate years of agricultural over-pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think we’re looking at the potential of really big and rapid change to California’s agricultural sector and all of the workers and everything that touches the economy,” Carlisle said. “It’s kind of a perfect storm because you have major shifts in trade policy at the same time as you have major shifts in the workforce at the same time you have major shifts in climate and potential regulatory responses to those climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s a lot of huge transformations for people in the agricultural sector to try to manage at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the problems were the usual problems: Five or six big storms clobbered the Central Valley with rain and hail, hitting young crops just as they were approaching maturity. But larger battles loom.[aside postID=news_12063793 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251028_IMMIGRANT-MASS-_HERNANDEZ-17-KQED.jpg']During the first Trump administration, the labor market for Central Valley farmers tightened significantly, said California Fresh Fruits Association president Daniel Hartwig, when migration numbers plummeted and farms would lose workers to a neighboring operation that offered an extra 25 cents per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this second go-round with Trump as president, those concerns seem almost archaic. Now, Hartwig said, he’ll spend a couple hours every week running down rumors of immigration enforcement: an unmarked white van in Madera County that turned out to belong to a carpet cleaning business; a cluster of cars outside a health clinic that turned out to be a local police operation; a shaky TikTok of unknown provenance showing men in green fatigues that sent farmworkers rushing back to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you did let your imagination run wild, especially if you were undocumented, everywhere you look, around the corner, is somebody that you’re fearful is going to try and get you and deport you,” Hartwig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these towns in the lower basin of the Central Valley hunker down for an anxious winter, on the farms, at the food bank, in Firebaugh’s City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are dependent on so many factors out of their own control. Executive impulses in the White House. Cloud formations and wind speeds. Commodity prices set globally. Water prices set locally. And in the winter there is time to think and there is time to ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will the federal government increase immigration enforcement at farms? Will it rain enough early in the season? Will it rain too much when the fruit is in the fields? Could there be a repeat of last year’s heat wave? Or this year’s storms? What if the water gets costlier? What if the commodities get cheaper?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a question perhaps more crucial than any other: What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: Author David Mas Masumoto is a member of the CalMatters board of director\u003c/em>s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Tax receipts are down almost 30% in one California farm town, where immigrants are afraid to go out and some longtime workers are weighing self-deportation.",
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"title": "How Fear of Trump’s Immigration Blitz Is Changing Life in California Farm Towns | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trailing in the shade of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/farming\">tractor-pulled harvester\u003c/a>, a small huddle of people in broad hats trawl the ochre rows of a green field. Every six or so feet, someone squats down and pulls into the morning sunlight a bright, spotted watermelon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking a dozen yards behind this crew of pickers is their supervisor, Raul. He has done this for 21 years, since he was 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He, better than anybody, knows that perfectly ripe watermelons aren’t just pulled off the vine, they’re chosen. And the choosing still relies, as it ever has, on workers who are delicate with the fruit and severe with the choice. The job requires years of repetition: seeing the right melon, bending to heft it, cutting its root and placing it carefully on the harvester bed or a bag hanging off the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rookies have trouble. They pick a melon before it’s ready, or they fumble the blades and cut themselves, or their bodies simply inform them after a day or a week of bending and lifting and bending and lifting that they will not be getting out of bed that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-44-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A back view of a person in work clothes and a hat walking through a field of watermelons as workers harvest in the background on a tractor.\">\u003cfigcaption>A farmworker walks through a field where melons are harvested at a farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Raul knows this land. He raised his kids in the farmland around the town of Firebaugh, 38 miles west of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/fresno\">Fresno\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to a grove of full-grown almond trees near the Del Bosque melon farm where he works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were putting in those trees when they were young, my first year,” Raul said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last two decades, Raul would drive north when the melon harvest ends to work in the vineyards and then the apple and cherry orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year is different, and Raul, who didn’t want his last name used in this story because he is in the country illegally, is not sure how much longer he can stay in the United States.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As this year’s harvest ends, the small Central Valley towns that rely on migrant or undocumented labor to survive are themselves forced to imagine the end of a way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worry here is the workers might not return next year, at least not in the numbers that sustain local economies and power the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov/wordpress/?p=29277\">$60 billion agricultural industry\u003c/a>, which grows three-fourths of the fruits and nuts consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration \u003c/a>has pledged to carry out the largest deportation program in American history. They have, so far, mostly left the agricultural industry alone. But Trump and his advisers \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2025/08/08/trump-teased-a-solution-for-farmers-its-likely-not-coming-soon-00498932\">have wavered\u003c/a> on whether to protect farms from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">immigration raids,\u003c/a> so the seasonal workers and their employers will have to wait and see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, what connects tiny truck stop towns and big cities of this part of the valley \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/03/immigration-raids-rumors/\">is fear\u003c/a>: of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/water/2024/04/california-farmers-groundwater-probation-kings-county/\">tightened water allocations\u003c/a>, of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/08/california-european-wines-tariffs/\">market turbulence\u003c/a> and, this year, of immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small farm towns in the Central Valley are similar in their seasonal economics to a beach town on the East Coast: Both swell in summer with a population boom, then dig in for a slow winter. Firebaugh City Manager Ben Gallegos said the town of 4,000 grows to 8,000 people in the summer, then empties out after the harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story plays out in the numbers, but already this year’s numbers tell a different tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-04-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of three watermelons growing on a vine in the middle of a field with the sun rising in the background, as workers pick in the far distance, just out of focus.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person holds up a watermelon after picking it from a field to put it on a conveyor belt while working in a watermelon field. The person has a slight shadow over their face to not show their identity.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First: \u003c/strong>Melons in a field at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> A farmworker picks up a melon while harvesting at a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photos by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the second quarter of the year, which runs from April 1 to June 30, total taxable transactions in Firebaugh were down 29% from the same quarter last year, according to the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. In nearby Chowchilla, total taxable receipts are down 21% in the second quarter of this year compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People don’t want to shop or go out to eat, Gallegos said. The city of Firebaugh is staring down cuts to its police force, its parks and its senior center. In September, the appearance of county probation officers dressed in green fatigues caused waves of panicked Whatsapp texts. Some people went into hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food bank in Firebaugh used to serve about 50 families. Today, at weekly distributions behind city hall, that number is up to 150. When it’s over, volunteers take the remaining food boxes to families who are too afraid to leave their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need those individuals to drive our community,” Gallegos said. “They’re the ones that eat at our local restaurants, they’re the ones that shop at our local stores. Without them, what do we do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-06-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A side view of field workers picking watermelons in a green field filled with vines behind a tractor pulling a conveyor belt. In the background are more green fields and a view of a semi-truck driving on a highway.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers harvest melons behind a tractor on a melon farm outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re scared to come out \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/09/la-immigration-sweeps-supreme-court/\">because of the color of their skin\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raul and his crew of six pickers will have to choose, too. Will they come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Borrowed time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“My clients say this country’s not for them anymore,” said Fresno immigration attorney Jesus Ibañez, who works with farmworkers. “They feel like they’re on borrowed time here. That sentiment is not one I heard a lot one year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The choices to stay or self-deport come down to money, but also the futures those farmworkers want for their children born in the United States, Ibañez said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sometimes the choice is more complicated – the U.S. isn’t as safe for them as it was, but its school districts still offer things like mental health care and physical therapy that migrant workers fear they won’t get in their home countries. Balanced against that is the possibility of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/10/caregiver-deportation-california/\">one or both parents being deported\u003c/a>, leaving the children with no legal guardians in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistically, it’s difficult to even know the number of farmworkers employed today, let alone how much the fear of deportation is affecting employment in the industry. In late October, Ag Alert, a publication of the California Farm Bureau, \u003ca href=\"https://www.agalert.com/california-ag-news/archives/october-22-2025/farmworkers-set-fear-aside-to-pick-california-bounty/\">broke the news\u003c/a> that both the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Labor canceled annual farmworker labor surveys. That means that, for the first time since the late 1980s, there is no federal documentation of farmworker hours, wages or demographics. Historically, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/chart-detail?chartId=63466\">about 40% of farmworkers\u003c/a> in the last decade were undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Pew Research Center found that more immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/08/21/key-findings-about-us-immigrants/?mod=ANLink\">left the country or were deported\u003c/a> this year than the number who arrived. If the trend holds until the end of the year, 2025 will be the first year since the 1960s that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/08/immigrant-population-declines/\">the population of immigrants in the U.S. falls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Raul, the question of returning is simple. He will need to earn money so he can support his kids, so he plans on coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Que quisiera un padre? Raul said. “Quiere que sea lo mejor para los hijos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What would a father want? He wants what’s best for his children.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A town shaped by a river\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The road into Firebaugh rolls up and over a wash, next to the spot where Andrew Firebaugh founded a ferry across the San Joaquin River that became an important stop on stagecoach routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The river has always been what kept this town alive, first as an obstacle around which they built a settlement and later as the lifeblood of its farms and fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-38-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A water tower that reads “Firebaugh” on its side over a street in a small town, with vehicles driving by between local businesses.\">\u003cfigcaption>The water tower in Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just outside of town, the pavement has fractured and buckled. The street signs are tiny and faded on the broad grid of roads bounded by fields that push right up to the street. You orient yourself with both cardinal directions and crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prunus amygdalus\u003c/em>, also called almond trees, look like they’re raising their arms. \u003cem>Pistacia vera\u003c/em>, the pistachio tree, look like they’re shrugging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uncovered truck bed bins spill ripe red tomatoes on tight turns. Tractors with their tillers raised trundle slowly down the highway. On the side of the road bobs of lettuce heads peek out of the ground, followed by a massive pile of unhulled almonds, and then a series of palm trees, some very tall and some a little squat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-13-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of two rows of trees growing crops in an agricultural field on a cloudy morning.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425_Melon-Farm-Day-2_LV_CM_08-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A semi-truck carrying crops drives down the street during an early morning illuminated by the soft orange light of the sunrise.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> Rows of trees in an orchard outside of Firebaugh.\u003cstrong> Last:\u003c/strong> A truck carrying crops drives through farmland outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the corner of one of these roads, just before it meets the interstate, is the melon farm owned by Joe Del Bosque, Raul’s employer of 21 years. And the first thing people inclined to these kinds of questions will ask Del Bosque is why he hires undocumented labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He begins explaining his trouble hiring people on the federal H-2A visa, which permits employers to hire foreign seasonal workers. It’s not just that he has to pay them $3 more per hour, Del Bosque said. It’s that he must also pay for their transportation to and from the farm every day. He must pay for the rooms where they sleep and the food they eat. It is, he said, economically impossible to rely on the visa program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next suggestion is hiring local people. Del Bosque laughed and said he tried that. The locals made it a week, at the most, and then found some other way to make money that didn’t leave them sore all over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows that one day soon, he’ll likely have to turn over operations to the only family member active in the business, his son-in-law. But that’s only if there’s still a farm to hand over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have a lot of confidence that the future of our farm and a lot of farms is looking very good right now,” Del Bosque said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-30.jpg\" alt=\"A ground-level view of a man dressed in a cowboy hat and a button-down shirt standing in a watermelon field. The vines from the field are visible in the lower portion of the frame, with a part of a mountain range peaking out in the background and a blue sky as the backdrop.\">\u003cfigcaption>Joe Del Bosque, owner of Del Bosque Farms, stands in one of his melon fields as they are being harvested outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is already sounding the alarm on losing farmworkers and the threat that poses to the nation’s food supply in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/02/2025-19365/adverse-effect-wage-rate-methodology-for-the-temporary-employment-of-h-2a-nonimmigrants-in-non-range\">notice in the Federal Register in October.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The near total cessation of the inflow of illegal aliens combined with the lack of an available legal workforce, results in significant disruptions to production costs and threatening the stability of domestic food production and prices for U.S consumers,” the department said in a rule-making proposal that would allow employers to pay H-2A workers less than they are paying now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless the Department acts immediately to provide a source of stable and lawful labor, this threat will grow,” the notice said, citing the likelihood of enhanced immigration enforcement under the budget bill Trump signed earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those longer-term consequences in the labor market won’t be felt evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This is Trump country\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno County and the rest of the Central Valley went for Trump in the 2024 election. Del Bosque calls himself a conservative, though he \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=joe+del+bosque\">donates to both parties\u003c/a> – Democratic Sen. Adam Schiff and former President \u003ca href=\"https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/joe-del-bosque\">Barack Obama\u003c/a> have both made public visits to his acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next to his farm – right up on the property line where everyone will see it – is a massive Trump 2024 sign, erected by his neighbor. No one driving to the Del Bosque Farm will miss it. Del Bosque laughs about it, but it’s also a reflection of how their differing crops help define their politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/091125-Melon-Farm-and-Kerman-LV-34-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A banner on a sign that reads “2024 TRUMP END THIS HELL SAVE AMERICA NOW” on the side of a country road next to a fence. In the background is a red barn on a ranch and a mountain range.\">\u003cfigcaption>A Trump sign posted on a neighboring property of Del Bosque Farms outside of Firebaugh on Sept. 11, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Del Bosque grows melons, which are labor intensive and require lots of people to work long hours. He supports an easier path to employment for undocumented workers. Next door, his neighbor grows almonds. They only require one person to drive a “shaker” to get the nuts out of the trees and another to operate the basket that catches them as they fall. His neighbor, whom CalMatters was unable to contact, doesn’t require much labor at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the thing, not all farms are the same, not all farmers are the same,” Del Bosque said. “I’m concerned about these people. (The neighbor) is not concerned about that, because he has almonds. He manages his almonds with just him and one or two more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can do his whole farm with two, three people. So this immigration (enforcement) does not affect him at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Author and Central Valley farmer David Mas Masumoto wrote about neighborly tension in his 1995 “Epitaph for a Peach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on labor from Mexico, part of a seasonal flow of men and families. Many come here for the summer, return to Mexico during the slow winter months, and return the following year. They’re predominantly young men with the faces of boys. We’re dependent on their strong backs and quick hands. And they are hungry for work.…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This September, farmers drive down the road staring straight ahead, steering clear of a chance meeting with a competitor who was once a neighbor. Eyes avoid eyes, hands hesitate and refrain from waving. It’s an ugly September.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politics out here can make it a whole ugly season.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Big and rapid change’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a precedent for trying to understand that major of a disruption to our state’s economy and demographics,” said Liz Carlisle, an associate professor in the Environmental Studies Program at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/092425-Melon-Farm-Day-2-LV-12-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A view of field workers walking in a line between rows of trees in an agricultural field and a country road. The workers are walking along power poles near the field as the sun rises in the background, casting a golden haze across the sky.\">\u003cfigcaption>Farmworkers walk past rows of trees on an orchard outside of Firebaugh in Fresno County on Sept. 24, 2025. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Something is changing in one of the world’s most productive agricultural regions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060895/visiting-a-vineyard-to-see-how-the-bays-wine-industry-is-doing\">Wine grapes are going unharvested\u003c/a>, rotting in the fields, as exports to Canada collapsed under new tariffs and younger consumers started shying away from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.siliconvalley.com/2025/01/28/california-groundwater-crisis-farms-fail/\">Land values are cratering\u003c/a> in places with limited water, leaving farmers in multi-million dollar debt. Water costs are skyrocketing in part because of a \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">2014 conservation law\u003c/a> that seeks to regulate years of agricultural over-pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think we’re looking at the potential of really big and rapid change to California’s agricultural sector and all of the workers and everything that touches the economy,” Carlisle said. “It’s kind of a perfect storm because you have major shifts in trade policy at the same time as you have major shifts in the workforce at the same time you have major shifts in climate and potential regulatory responses to those climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s a lot of huge transformations for people in the agricultural sector to try to manage at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the problems were the usual problems: Five or six big storms clobbered the Central Valley with rain and hail, hitting young crops just as they were approaching maturity. But larger battles loom.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During the first Trump administration, the labor market for Central Valley farmers tightened significantly, said California Fresh Fruits Association president Daniel Hartwig, when migration numbers plummeted and farms would lose workers to a neighboring operation that offered an extra 25 cents per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this second go-round with Trump as president, those concerns seem almost archaic. Now, Hartwig said, he’ll spend a couple hours every week running down rumors of immigration enforcement: an unmarked white van in Madera County that turned out to belong to a carpet cleaning business; a cluster of cars outside a health clinic that turned out to be a local police operation; a shaky TikTok of unknown provenance showing men in green fatigues that sent farmworkers rushing back to their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you did let your imagination run wild, especially if you were undocumented, everywhere you look, around the corner, is somebody that you’re fearful is going to try and get you and deport you,” Hartwig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these towns in the lower basin of the Central Valley hunker down for an anxious winter, on the farms, at the food bank, in Firebaugh’s City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are dependent on so many factors out of their own control. Executive impulses in the White House. Cloud formations and wind speeds. Commodity prices set globally. Water prices set locally. And in the winter there is time to think and there is time to ask questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will the federal government increase immigration enforcement at farms? Will it rain enough early in the season? Will it rain too much when the fruit is in the fields? Could there be a repeat of last year’s heat wave? Or this year’s storms? What if the water gets costlier? What if the commodities get cheaper?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a question perhaps more crucial than any other: What if they don’t come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: Author David Mas Masumoto is a member of the CalMatters board of director\u003c/em>s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "misinformation-spreads-as-trump-moves-to-cut-aid-for-some-california-students",
"title": "Misinformation Spreads as Trump Moves to Cut Aid for Some California Students",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration\u003c/a> sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> last week, threatening to end key benefits for students without legal status, Michelle was scrolling social media when she saw a video that made her panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf\">is challenging\u003c/a> California’s policy of providing in-state tuition, scholarships and subsidized loans to immigrants without legal status — including Michelle, an immigrant who is a community college student in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-mateo-county\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>. CalMatters has agreed to withhold her full name because she fears drawing attention to her legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, rumors swirled. Michelle saw a video of a young man, around her age, asking if the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@king.squidwardd/video/7574821777012985118?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away%20king.squidwardd&t=1764088724748\">is gone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, FAFSA is still around, and while the new lawsuit could affect some students’ financial aid, some top legal experts say the Trump administration is unlikely to win. Regardless, the court process may take weeks or much longer to resolve the government’s claims against California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the U.S. Department of Justice alleges that California’s policy of granting in-state tuition and financial aid for some students without legal status is unconstitutional. Federal lawyers also argue that California’s policies violate a 1996 federal law, which bars states from providing benefits to residents without legal status that aren’t also available to U.S. citizens who live anywhere in the U.S. The Justice Department is arguing that California either needs to drop the policy or let all U.S. citizens, including those who are out-of-state, pay the same rate.[aside postID=news_12063723 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251110-COLLEGE-STUDENTS-CALFRESH-MD-01-KQED.jpg']In California, over \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">100,000 college students\u003c/a> lack legal status, according to one estimate by an alliance of university leaders who advocate for immigrants. Federal assistance, such as Pell grants and federal student loans, are off-limits to anyone who isn’t a U.S. citizen or does not have permanent legal status. California has its own money for college financial aid, which it distributes according to state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as individuals meet certain requirements, such as attending three years of high school in California, they’re eligible for in-state tuition, saving as much as $39,000 of dollars each year \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/tuition-cost-of-attendance/\">compared\u003c/a> to their out-of-state peers. Once they meet those requirements, students without legal status can also qualify for the state’s cornerstone financial aid program, known as Cal Grant, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/undocumented-student-affordability-report\">only a small fraction\u003c/a> of these students actually apply for and receive it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis, Trump’s actions may be more about political wins than legal ones. “The Trump administration is engaged in a full-court press on undocumented immigrants and so-called sanctuary jurisdictions, and California and Governor Newsom in particular,” Johnson said. That the U.S. Department of Justice named the suit “United States of America v. Newsom” is another indication that this is political, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others noted that states have\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/08/immigrants-california/\"> already invested\u003c/a> in students without legal status and denying them an affordable path toward a college education is a waste of resources. Economists have pointed out that immigrants without status also are \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">integral\u003c/a> to the U.S. workforce and aren’t \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/06/trumps-first-immigration-crackdown-shrank-californias-population-it-could-happen-again/\">easily replaceable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We didn’t expect them to go this low’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even weak lawsuits or outright misinformation can make students nervous during November, when college and financial aid application season is in full swing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, videos of students \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@biancadanae_/video/7351047038030597422?q=fafsa%20glitches&t=1764088866073\">panicking\u003c/a> about the financial aid system surfaced last winter, after the Biden administration delayed and botched the rollout of the new FAFSA. Among its many \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/02/federal-financial-aid/\">glitches\u003c/a>, the new form prevented students whose parents lacked a Social Security number from submitting their information.[aside postID=news_12065240 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/IMG_4486-1020x765.jpeg']After Trump was elected last November, fears about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@brisprivatediary/video/7434187434746711327?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">total demise\u003c/a> of federal financial aid swirled again on TikTok. Over the course of this year, as his administration targets universities and continues to dismantle the U.S. Department of Education, those fears have \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@christian_jwalker/video/7484092163530280235?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">persisted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Trump seeks to impose a $1 billion penalty on UCLA for alleged civil rights abuses, though a federal judge recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc/\">handed the White House a temporary loss \u003c/a>on that front. His administration is also suing California colleges and universities for alleged antisemitism violations and has sought to freeze or curtail billions of dollars in federal research funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of those freezes have been blocked or reversed \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/09/ucla-research-grants/\">by federal judges\u003c/a>, but hundreds of millions of dollars still remain \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc-tuition/#:~:text=Nearly%20800%20employees,totalling%20%24230%20million\">cut off to campuses\u003c/a>. Much, if not all, of those friction points between California and Trump could be resolved through settlements and negotiations, which are political in nature, said UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Trump was elected, state leaders, including Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/david-alvarez-112993\">David Alvarez\u003c/a>, a Chula Vista Democrat, pushed for California to offer additional benefits to students without legal status, such as the opportunity to work \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/undocumented-students-work/\">campus jobs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with access to financial aid programs at risk for these students, Alvarez said the focus is shifting. “We didn’t expect it would go this low as to go after students that the president had previously said should be welcomed here.” In 2024, Trump told a podcast host that students should \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/theallinpod/status/1803932968794108081?lang=en\">“automatically”\u003c/a> receive “a Green Card,” otherwise known as permanent residency, when they get their college diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal scholars doubt Trump’s lawsuit will win\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against California is the Trump administration’s sixth against states with policies allowing in-state tuition for students without legal status. The White House went after \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas first\u003c/a>, in June. Underscoring how much of a bipartisan issue in-state tuition is, Texan lawmakers were the first in the U.S. to enshrine the policy in 2001. In all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/states/\">more than\u003c/a> 20 states passed some in-state tuition policy benefiting some residents without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s legal attacks on the policy this year prompted leaders in \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70562424/united-states-v-beshear/\">Kentucky\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/08/06/after-doj-sues-okla-ends-state-tuition-noncitizens\">Oklahoma\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas\u003c/a> to side with the White House to terminate the benefit in those respective states. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/11/20/judge-lets-group-defend-kys-undocumented-state-tuition\">legal groups\u003c/a> that want to continue in-state tuition for students lacking legal status are challenging those states’ moves.[aside postID=news_12065375 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/240508-Berkeley-High-File-MD-03_qed.jpg']Trump has also sued Minnesota and Illinois, states with Democrats as governors and attorneys general who are \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137.9.0.pdf\">challenging\u003c/a> Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533.18.0.pdf\">lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf#page=12\">says that\u003c/a> the federal law in question bars students without legal status from receiving in-state tuition and financial aid benefits based on their living in the state. This, the federal lawyers argue, violates federal law since public campuses in California require U.S. citizens from other states to pay higher tuition rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, California’s law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200120020AB540\">Assembly Bill 540\u003c/a>, doesn’t extend in-state tuition based on where students live, scholars and a previous court ruling say. Instead, students generally need to prove that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/california-nonresident-tuition-exemption\">attended three years of high school\u003c/a> or community college in California; they also need to earn in California a high school diploma or obtain enough community college credits to be eligible for transfer into a public university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice says those three-year high school or community college requirements are tantamount to an in-state residency criteria and therefore violate the 1996 federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the California Supreme Court in 2010 already \u003ca href=\"https://cases.justia.com/california/supreme-court/S167791.PDF?ts=1462305163\">struck down that interpretation\u003c/a>. The high court observed that some students living in areas bordering California are permitted to study at California high schools. High school students from out of state enrolled in private boarding schools also satisfy the requirement; they don’t count as residents of California either. And students who were residents of California during high school but moved to a different state could still enroll in California colleges or universities paying in-state tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these scenarios require a student to complete the same AB 540 application as students who lack legal status. The only difference is that students without status must also complete an affidavit that they’ll pursue legal residency as soon as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the University of California enrolled more students under AB 540 who were legal U.S. residents than those who weren’t, the state high court said then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Congress had intended to prohibit states entirely from making unlawful aliens eligible for in-state tuition, it could easily have done so,” the state Supreme Court wrote in 2010. But Congress didn’t do that, the court noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in California who passed AB 540 in 2001 knew what the federal law restricted, said Motomura, and they crafted a state law that wouldn’t contravene what Congress intended. “It was drafted to avoid the residency test, and it was drafted to avoid the exclusion of U.S. citizens,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s likely next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already signaled that it will fight the lawsuit. “The Trump Administration has once again missed the mark with its latest attack on California, and we look forward to proving it in court,” wrote Nina Sheridan, a spokesperson for the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the UC and the community college system said their tuition and financial aid policies have always been legally compliant. The Cal State University system did not respond to a request for comment.[aside postID=news_12063793 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251028_IMMIGRANT-MASS-_HERNANDEZ-17-KQED.jpg']The Trump administration may also seek a preliminary injunction to halt California’s in-state tuition law for nonresidents, which would again expose Californians to a seesaw of temporary court orders, sometimes contradictory in nature, while the full legal merits of the case play out slowly in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, or MALDEF, thinks the U.S. Supreme Court will likely side with California despite its conservative orientation if the case goes that far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major legal question underscoring the case against California is when and how federal rules preempt or supersede state laws. The Trump White House is arguing California’s in-state policies are preempted by federal law. But the legal concept of preemption is a pillar in jurisprudence. Liberal and conservative interests benefit similarly from a consistent application of preemption as a legal concept, Saenz said. For example, businesses rely on preemption rules in situations where a state law is more progressive or consumer-friendly than a federal rule and want courts to defend them from following the more demanding state rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is “going to be very wary of making bad law in the realm of preemption, because it could then come back to bite the right wing in protecting businesses,” Saenz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Michelle and other students without legal status navigating their own financial aid applications — and the misinformation online — a series of temporary court orders could create more panic. Financial aid is top of mind, said Michelle, but she doesn’t have time to track the legal back-and-forth of her eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being a full-time student, Michelle works four days a week at a restaurant, saving up money not only to support herself but also her family. She’s the oldest of four kids and said she sends $500 to her parents each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College is “an opportunity for me to be someone in life, to make my parents proud,” she said. Asked about the lawsuit at the cafeteria of her college, Michelle made a choking gesture with her hand, as though the threat of losing financial aid next year could kill her. “Trump is taking that opportunity away because he doesn’t like immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline to submit financial aid applications for community college is Sept. 2, but Michelle is already working on her application, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/electric-bills-will-not-reflect-historically-low-profit-margins/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Misinformation Spreads as Trump Moves to Cut Aid for Some California Students",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration\u003c/a> sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> last week, threatening to end key benefits for students without legal status, Michelle was scrolling social media when she saw a video that made her panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf\">is challenging\u003c/a> California’s policy of providing in-state tuition, scholarships and subsidized loans to immigrants without legal status — including Michelle, an immigrant who is a community college student in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-mateo-county\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>. CalMatters has agreed to withhold her full name because she fears drawing attention to her legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, rumors swirled. Michelle saw a video of a young man, around her age, asking if the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@king.squidwardd/video/7574821777012985118?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away%20king.squidwardd&t=1764088724748\">is gone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, FAFSA is still around, and while the new lawsuit could affect some students’ financial aid, some top legal experts say the Trump administration is unlikely to win. Regardless, the court process may take weeks or much longer to resolve the government’s claims against California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit, the U.S. Department of Justice alleges that California’s policy of granting in-state tuition and financial aid for some students without legal status is unconstitutional. Federal lawyers also argue that California’s policies violate a 1996 federal law, which bars states from providing benefits to residents without legal status that aren’t also available to U.S. citizens who live anywhere in the U.S. The Justice Department is arguing that California either needs to drop the policy or let all U.S. citizens, including those who are out-of-state, pay the same rate.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In California, over \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">100,000 college students\u003c/a> lack legal status, according to one estimate by an alliance of university leaders who advocate for immigrants. Federal assistance, such as Pell grants and federal student loans, are off-limits to anyone who isn’t a U.S. citizen or does not have permanent legal status. California has its own money for college financial aid, which it distributes according to state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as individuals meet certain requirements, such as attending three years of high school in California, they’re eligible for in-state tuition, saving as much as $39,000 of dollars each year \u003ca href=\"https://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/tuition-financial-aid/tuition-cost-of-attendance/\">compared\u003c/a> to their out-of-state peers. Once they meet those requirements, students without legal status can also qualify for the state’s cornerstone financial aid program, known as Cal Grant, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/undocumented-student-affordability-report\">only a small fraction\u003c/a> of these students actually apply for and receive it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis, Trump’s actions may be more about political wins than legal ones. “The Trump administration is engaged in a full-court press on undocumented immigrants and so-called sanctuary jurisdictions, and California and Governor Newsom in particular,” Johnson said. That the U.S. Department of Justice named the suit “United States of America v. Newsom” is another indication that this is political, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others noted that states have\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/08/immigrants-california/\"> already invested\u003c/a> in students without legal status and denying them an affordable path toward a college education is a waste of resources. Economists have pointed out that immigrants without status also are \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/immigration-california-farms/\">integral\u003c/a> to the U.S. workforce and aren’t \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/06/trumps-first-immigration-crackdown-shrank-californias-population-it-could-happen-again/\">easily replaceable\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We didn’t expect them to go this low’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even weak lawsuits or outright misinformation can make students nervous during November, when college and financial aid application season is in full swing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On TikTok, videos of students \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@biancadanae_/video/7351047038030597422?q=fafsa%20glitches&t=1764088866073\">panicking\u003c/a> about the financial aid system surfaced last winter, after the Biden administration delayed and botched the rollout of the new FAFSA. Among its many \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/02/federal-financial-aid/\">glitches\u003c/a>, the new form prevented students whose parents lacked a Social Security number from submitting their information.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After Trump was elected last November, fears about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@brisprivatediary/video/7434187434746711327?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">total demise\u003c/a> of federal financial aid swirled again on TikTok. Over the course of this year, as his administration targets universities and continues to dismantle the U.S. Department of Education, those fears have \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@christian_jwalker/video/7484092163530280235?q=is%20fafsa%20getting%20taken%20away&t=1764076992930\">persisted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Trump seeks to impose a $1 billion penalty on UCLA for alleged civil rights abuses, though a federal judge recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc/\">handed the White House a temporary loss \u003c/a>on that front. His administration is also suing California colleges and universities for alleged antisemitism violations and has sought to freeze or curtail billions of dollars in federal research funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of those freezes have been blocked or reversed \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/09/ucla-research-grants/\">by federal judges\u003c/a>, but hundreds of millions of dollars still remain \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/11/uc-tuition/#:~:text=Nearly%20800%20employees,totalling%20%24230%20million\">cut off to campuses\u003c/a>. Much, if not all, of those friction points between California and Trump could be resolved through settlements and negotiations, which are political in nature, said UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Trump was elected, state leaders, including Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/david-alvarez-112993\">David Alvarez\u003c/a>, a Chula Vista Democrat, pushed for California to offer additional benefits to students without legal status, such as the opportunity to work \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/undocumented-students-work/\">campus jobs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with access to financial aid programs at risk for these students, Alvarez said the focus is shifting. “We didn’t expect it would go this low as to go after students that the president had previously said should be welcomed here.” In 2024, Trump told a podcast host that students should \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/theallinpod/status/1803932968794108081?lang=en\">“automatically”\u003c/a> receive “a Green Card,” otherwise known as permanent residency, when they get their college diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal scholars doubt Trump’s lawsuit will win\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit against California is the Trump administration’s sixth against states with policies allowing in-state tuition for students without legal status. The White House went after \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas first\u003c/a>, in June. Underscoring how much of a bipartisan issue in-state tuition is, Texan lawmakers were the first in the U.S. to enshrine the policy in 2001. In all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/states/\">more than\u003c/a> 20 states passed some in-state tuition policy benefiting some residents without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s legal attacks on the policy this year prompted leaders in \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/70562424/united-states-v-beshear/\">Kentucky\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/08/06/after-doj-sues-okla-ends-state-tuition-noncitizens\">Oklahoma\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/04/texas-justice-department-lawsuit-undocumented-in-state-tuition/\">Texas\u003c/a> to side with the White House to terminate the benefit in those respective states. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2025/11/20/judge-lets-group-defend-kys-undocumented-state-tuition\">legal groups\u003c/a> that want to continue in-state tuition for students lacking legal status are challenging those states’ moves.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Trump has also sued Minnesota and Illinois, states with Democrats as governors and attorneys general who are \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137/gov.uscourts.mnd.226137.9.0.pdf\">challenging\u003c/a> Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533/gov.uscourts.ilsd.106533.18.0.pdf\">lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.caed.475466/gov.uscourts.caed.475466.1.0.pdf#page=12\">says that\u003c/a> the federal law in question bars students without legal status from receiving in-state tuition and financial aid benefits based on their living in the state. This, the federal lawyers argue, violates federal law since public campuses in California require U.S. citizens from other states to pay higher tuition rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, California’s law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200120020AB540\">Assembly Bill 540\u003c/a>, doesn’t extend in-state tuition based on where students live, scholars and a previous court ruling say. Instead, students generally need to prove that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/california-nonresident-tuition-exemption\">attended three years of high school\u003c/a> or community college in California; they also need to earn in California a high school diploma or obtain enough community college credits to be eligible for transfer into a public university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice says those three-year high school or community college requirements are tantamount to an in-state residency criteria and therefore violate the 1996 federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the California Supreme Court in 2010 already \u003ca href=\"https://cases.justia.com/california/supreme-court/S167791.PDF?ts=1462305163\">struck down that interpretation\u003c/a>. The high court observed that some students living in areas bordering California are permitted to study at California high schools. High school students from out of state enrolled in private boarding schools also satisfy the requirement; they don’t count as residents of California either. And students who were residents of California during high school but moved to a different state could still enroll in California colleges or universities paying in-state tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these scenarios require a student to complete the same AB 540 application as students who lack legal status. The only difference is that students without status must also complete an affidavit that they’ll pursue legal residency as soon as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the University of California enrolled more students under AB 540 who were legal U.S. residents than those who weren’t, the state high court said then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Congress had intended to prohibit states entirely from making unlawful aliens eligible for in-state tuition, it could easily have done so,” the state Supreme Court wrote in 2010. But Congress didn’t do that, the court noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in California who passed AB 540 in 2001 knew what the federal law restricted, said Motomura, and they crafted a state law that wouldn’t contravene what Congress intended. “It was drafted to avoid the residency test, and it was drafted to avoid the exclusion of U.S. citizens,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s likely next\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already signaled that it will fight the lawsuit. “The Trump Administration has once again missed the mark with its latest attack on California, and we look forward to proving it in court,” wrote Nina Sheridan, a spokesperson for the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the UC and the community college system said their tuition and financial aid policies have always been legally compliant. The Cal State University system did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration may also seek a preliminary injunction to halt California’s in-state tuition law for nonresidents, which would again expose Californians to a seesaw of temporary court orders, sometimes contradictory in nature, while the full legal merits of the case play out slowly in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, or MALDEF, thinks the U.S. Supreme Court will likely side with California despite its conservative orientation if the case goes that far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major legal question underscoring the case against California is when and how federal rules preempt or supersede state laws. The Trump White House is arguing California’s in-state policies are preempted by federal law. But the legal concept of preemption is a pillar in jurisprudence. Liberal and conservative interests benefit similarly from a consistent application of preemption as a legal concept, Saenz said. For example, businesses rely on preemption rules in situations where a state law is more progressive or consumer-friendly than a federal rule and want courts to defend them from following the more demanding state rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court is “going to be very wary of making bad law in the realm of preemption, because it could then come back to bite the right wing in protecting businesses,” Saenz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Michelle and other students without legal status navigating their own financial aid applications — and the misinformation online — a series of temporary court orders could create more panic. Financial aid is top of mind, said Michelle, but she doesn’t have time to track the legal back-and-forth of her eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to being a full-time student, Michelle works four days a week at a restaurant, saving up money not only to support herself but also her family. She’s the oldest of four kids and said she sends $500 to her parents each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>College is “an opportunity for me to be someone in life, to make my parents proud,” she said. Asked about the lawsuit at the cafeteria of her college, Michelle made a choking gesture with her hand, as though the threat of losing financial aid next year could kill her. “Trump is taking that opportunity away because he doesn’t like immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline to submit financial aid applications for community college is Sept. 2, but Michelle is already working on her application, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/11/electric-bills-will-not-reflect-historically-low-profit-margins/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In this country, people with criminal records are regularly used in fear-mongering news reports or political catchphrases to sway the general public’s opinion about crime, violence and public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no surprise, then, that many find it hard to accept those who’ve spent time behind bars as full human beings. But a criminal conviction doesn’t negate a person’s need to learn, love, play with their kids and practice religious ceremonies. Hell, some folks who’ve been incarcerated even find joy in painting images of hummingbirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13984126\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13984126\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"Two women stand on a beach sharing an embrace as the sunsets.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM.png 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM-160x106.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM-768x510.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM-1536x1020.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Arroyo (at right), executive director of the Young Women’s Freedom Center, shares a moment on the beach with her daughter as the sun sets in the film ‘Off the Record: Julia.’ \u003ccite>(The Adachi Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Dec. 2, San Francisco’s Roxie Theater hosts \u003ca href=\"https://roxie.com/film/adachi-project-presents-defender-off-the-record/\">Defender: Off The Record\u003c/a>, a series of films about three people who’ve seen the ins and outs of the criminal justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accompanying the films is a discussion with filmmaker, organizer and rapper Boots Riley and San Francisco’s sitting public defender \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732158/s-f-mayor-breed-appoints-manohar-raju-as-successor-to-late-public-defender-jeff-adachi\">Manohar “Mano” Raju\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The duo will be joined by two subjects of the films: Bayview-Hunters Point–raised rapper \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13828036/talking-with-prezi-the-rapper-pledging-to-do-better-for-hunters-point\">Charles ‘Prezi’ Gardner\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://youngwomenfree.org/staff/julia-arroyo/\">Julia Arroyo\u003c/a>, the executive director of the Young Women’s Freedom Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13984128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1308px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13984128\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"An older man with long hair in a grey hoodie sitting on a park bench painting. \" width=\"1308\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33 PM.png 1308w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33 PM-160x184.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33 PM-768x883.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1308px) 100vw, 1308px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the short film ‘Off the Record: Sal,’ Salesh Prasad shares his affinity for art and his deep appreciation for hummingbirds. \u003ccite>(The Adachi Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The subject of the third film, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/28/queer-california-man-deportation-fiji-us\">Salesh Prasad\u003c/a>, was born in Fiji and immigrated to the U.S. at the age of six. He was raised in Modesto, where a rough childhood left him scarred. During an altercation at the age of 22, Prasad took someone’s life and was later charged with second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He served 27 years in prison before being granted parole. As soon as he was released, he was taken into ICE custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although not currently incarcerated, Prasad is haunted by the fear of deportation, given the administration’s escalated actions against immigrants. Additionally, as a queer man, he faces potential persecution in Fiji. Prasad and his legal team are seeking a full pardon from Governor Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much you can say about the narrative of crime, and how that has been so weaponized in San Francisco and the Bay Area,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/hkinder/\">Henry Kinder\u003c/a>, a creative producer at \u003ca href=\"https://evenodd.studio/\">Even/Odd\u003c/a> who also directed two of the three films.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have a real opportunity to present an alternative vision for what public safety really looks like,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13984129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13984129\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46%E2%80%AFPM-2000x1330.png\" alt=\"Two people stand atop a lookout point, overlooking San Francisco. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-2000x1330.png 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-160x106.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-768x511.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-1536x1021.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-2048x1362.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Arroyo and her daughter overlook San Francisco as they prepare for an upcoming ceremony in the short documentary ‘Off the Record: Julia.’ \u003ccite>(The Adachi Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A filmmaker who uses his skills to bring attention to injustice, Kinder insists that correcting the narrative is more than just about \u003cem>how\u003c/em> the story is told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want these stories to be made for, by and with the people of San Francisco,” he says, excited to show the films next week to the very communities featured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short films are poetic, touching even, but not corny. Instead, there’s a edge to them, along with a visual gloss that makes for a highly produced but relatable aesthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sort of defies the expectation,” Kinder says, about a public defender’s office producing films of such quality. But that’s part of the strategy. “A lot of that comes from trying to reach audiences that are closer to the clientele that the public defender serves,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinder adds that a short “sentencing mitigation video” will also screen on Dec. 2, allowing the audience to see the media he and his team create to steer judges into more lenient sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all part of a push to understand and represent defendants’ full humanity, both in media and in the courtroom. That’s the central mission of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13899104/firsthand-accounts-of-surviving-prisons-and-pandemic-power-the-adachi-projects-films\">The Adachi Project\u003c/a>, an organization carrying on the work of the late San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a person’s story is told well, with thorough context, the result tends to be empathy. And when one commits themselves to comprehending the complexities of another person, it might start as a social study but can quickly become a public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhere in the process, it morphs into an art form — in this case, one that’s fit for the silver screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Adachi Project Presents ‘\u003ca href=\"https://roxie.com/film/adachi-project-presents-defender-off-the-record/\">Defender: Off The Record\u003c/a>’ on Tuesday, Dec. 2, at the Roxie Theater (3117 16th St., San Francisco). \u003ca href=\"https://roxie.com/film/adachi-project-presents-defender-off-the-record/\">Tickets and more information here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In this country, people with criminal records are regularly used in fear-mongering news reports or political catchphrases to sway the general public’s opinion about crime, violence and public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no surprise, then, that many find it hard to accept those who’ve spent time behind bars as full human beings. But a criminal conviction doesn’t negate a person’s need to learn, love, play with their kids and practice religious ceremonies. Hell, some folks who’ve been incarcerated even find joy in painting images of hummingbirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13984126\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13984126\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"Two women stand on a beach sharing an embrace as the sunsets.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM.png 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM-160x106.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM-768x510.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.24.09 PM-1536x1020.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Arroyo (at right), executive director of the Young Women’s Freedom Center, shares a moment on the beach with her daughter as the sun sets in the film ‘Off the Record: Julia.’ \u003ccite>(The Adachi Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Dec. 2, San Francisco’s Roxie Theater hosts \u003ca href=\"https://roxie.com/film/adachi-project-presents-defender-off-the-record/\">Defender: Off The Record\u003c/a>, a series of films about three people who’ve seen the ins and outs of the criminal justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accompanying the films is a discussion with filmmaker, organizer and rapper Boots Riley and San Francisco’s sitting public defender \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732158/s-f-mayor-breed-appoints-manohar-raju-as-successor-to-late-public-defender-jeff-adachi\">Manohar “Mano” Raju\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The duo will be joined by two subjects of the films: Bayview-Hunters Point–raised rapper \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13828036/talking-with-prezi-the-rapper-pledging-to-do-better-for-hunters-point\">Charles ‘Prezi’ Gardner\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://youngwomenfree.org/staff/julia-arroyo/\">Julia Arroyo\u003c/a>, the executive director of the Young Women’s Freedom Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13984128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1308px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13984128\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33%E2%80%AFPM.png\" alt=\"An older man with long hair in a grey hoodie sitting on a park bench painting. \" width=\"1308\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33 PM.png 1308w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33 PM-160x184.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-25-at-9.46.33 PM-768x883.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1308px) 100vw, 1308px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the short film ‘Off the Record: Sal,’ Salesh Prasad shares his affinity for art and his deep appreciation for hummingbirds. \u003ccite>(The Adachi Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The subject of the third film, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/28/queer-california-man-deportation-fiji-us\">Salesh Prasad\u003c/a>, was born in Fiji and immigrated to the U.S. at the age of six. He was raised in Modesto, where a rough childhood left him scarred. During an altercation at the age of 22, Prasad took someone’s life and was later charged with second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He served 27 years in prison before being granted parole. As soon as he was released, he was taken into ICE custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although not currently incarcerated, Prasad is haunted by the fear of deportation, given the administration’s escalated actions against immigrants. Additionally, as a queer man, he faces potential persecution in Fiji. Prasad and his legal team are seeking a full pardon from Governor Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much you can say about the narrative of crime, and how that has been so weaponized in San Francisco and the Bay Area,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/hkinder/\">Henry Kinder\u003c/a>, a creative producer at \u003ca href=\"https://evenodd.studio/\">Even/Odd\u003c/a> who also directed two of the three films.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have a real opportunity to present an alternative vision for what public safety really looks like,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13984129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13984129\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46%E2%80%AFPM-2000x1330.png\" alt=\"Two people stand atop a lookout point, overlooking San Francisco. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-2000x1330.png 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-160x106.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-768x511.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-1536x1021.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/11/Screenshot-2025-11-06-at-7.22.46 PM-2048x1362.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Arroyo and her daughter overlook San Francisco as they prepare for an upcoming ceremony in the short documentary ‘Off the Record: Julia.’ \u003ccite>(The Adachi Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A filmmaker who uses his skills to bring attention to injustice, Kinder insists that correcting the narrative is more than just about \u003cem>how\u003c/em> the story is told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want these stories to be made for, by and with the people of San Francisco,” he says, excited to show the films next week to the very communities featured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short films are poetic, touching even, but not corny. Instead, there’s a edge to them, along with a visual gloss that makes for a highly produced but relatable aesthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sort of defies the expectation,” Kinder says, about a public defender’s office producing films of such quality. But that’s part of the strategy. “A lot of that comes from trying to reach audiences that are closer to the clientele that the public defender serves,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinder adds that a short “sentencing mitigation video” will also screen on Dec. 2, allowing the audience to see the media he and his team create to steer judges into more lenient sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all part of a push to understand and represent defendants’ full humanity, both in media and in the courtroom. That’s the central mission of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13899104/firsthand-accounts-of-surviving-prisons-and-pandemic-power-the-adachi-projects-films\">The Adachi Project\u003c/a>, an organization carrying on the work of the late San Francisco public defender Jeff Adachi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a person’s story is told well, with thorough context, the result tends to be empathy. And when one commits themselves to comprehending the complexities of another person, it might start as a social study but can quickly become a public service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somewhere in the process, it morphs into an art form — in this case, one that’s fit for the silver screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Adachi Project Presents ‘\u003ca href=\"https://roxie.com/film/adachi-project-presents-defender-off-the-record/\">Defender: Off The Record\u003c/a>’ on Tuesday, Dec. 2, at the Roxie Theater (3117 16th St., San Francisco). \u003ca href=\"https://roxie.com/film/adachi-project-presents-defender-off-the-record/\">Tickets and more information here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "after-trump-fires-5-more-sf-immigration-judges-legal-scholars-fear-a-more-partisan-system",
"title": "After Trump Fires 5 More SF Immigration Judges, Legal Scholars Fear a More Partisan System",
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"headTitle": "After Trump Fires 5 More SF Immigration Judges, Legal Scholars Fear a More Partisan System | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>After five federal judges were fired last week in San Francisco, legal scholars and advocates are warning that t\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">he Trump administration\u003c/a> is taking unprecedented steps to remake the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/immigration-court\">immigration court system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s firings bring the total number of immigration court judges removed by the Trump Administration to 90 across the country, including 12 on the Bay Area’s bench, according to the National Association of Immigration Judges. This overhaul comes amid a nationwide backlog of immigration cases — with about 120,000 currently pending in the Bay Area alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis Law Professor Kevin Johnson said that it’s not uncommon for presidents to appoint judges whose philosophy matches their own, but that the current administration appears to be not only at hiring, but firing, the federal judges based on their immigration ideology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very aggressive, and it’s like nothing we’ve seen in any of the previous five or six administrations. I don’t remember it ever happening in U.S. history,” he told KQED. “But it’s happening now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Judges Amber George, Jeremiah Johnson, Louis Gordon, Shuting Chen and Patrick Savage were fired from San Francisco’s immigration court, which at the start of the year had more than 20 judges, according to Milli Atkinson, the director of the Immigrant Legal Defense Program with the Bar Association of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she said, the bench is down to just nine judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054620/despite-a-growing-case-backlog-trump-fires-6th-san-francisco-immigration-judge\">seven other Bay Area judges were fired\u003c/a>, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055416/trump-fires-san-franciscos-top-immigration-judge\">city’s top judge, Loi McCleskey, who was terminated\u003c/a> after just over a year on the job in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator holds a sign reading “Santuario: Manteniendo Familias Unidas” (“Sanctuary: Keeping Families United”) during the Faith in Action “Walking Our Faith” vigil outside the San Francisco Immigration Court on Nov. 6, 2025. The multi-faith gathering called for compassion and protection for immigrant families. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The firings of longstanding adjudicators have been without explanation from the DOJ, according to Atkinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The general belief among the immigration legal community is that they are trying to remove judges who’ve been longstanding civil servants who’ve been very experienced in adjudicating these cases here in San Francisco and filling the bench with judges who are more aligned with the political beliefs of this administration and are going to follow policy memos and directives from the administration,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice did not respond to a request for comment on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s immigration court has historically granted asylum at higher rates than the national average, and 11 of the 12 judges who have lost their jobs have higher-than-average asylum-granting rates. The three San Francisco judges with the highest rates of asylum were all terminated earlier this year.[aside postID=news_12065068 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/HooverElementaryGetty.jpg']Attorneys told KQED in September that the discrepancy between rates across jurisdictions is likely due to a multitude of factors, including that asylum seekers in San Francisco are more likely to have representation and required to meet different standards than in some other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former immigration judge Dana Leigh Marks told KQED at the time that the firings also appear to be targeting those who have previously worked in immigrant advocacy rights, private practice or public interest law, while others who rose through the ranks as prosecutors for the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Division of the Department of Homeland Security have kept their appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an effort to change things by removing people as well as selecting new people who are going to be with their party line,” Professor Kevin Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkinson said that the firings will require a major reshuffling of scheduled proceedings, which will make attorneys’ jobs more difficult, since they usually know how the presiding judge runs proceedings and tailor preparation and testimony and preparation to fit their style.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also jarring for asylum seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003275\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12003275 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In August, the U.S. Department of Justice lowered the prerequisites to qualify for temporary judge positions, removing the requirement that candidates have prior experience. \u003ccite>(J. David Ake/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People are being arrested when they go to their hearings. They’re being arrested when they show up for appointments. So, they’re already terrified,” Atkinson said. “Now, everything that they’d been working towards and kind of building themselves up for mentally to prepare for — to suddenly have that taken out from under them is really challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shake-up will also add more strain to an overloaded immigration system, especially as temporary judges filling in remotely are no longer required to have a background in immigration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the DOJ lowered the prerequisites to qualify for temporary judge positions, removing the requirement that candidates have prior experience. The following week, the federal government authorized 600 military lawyers to serve as temporary immigration judges, NPR reported.[aside postID=news_12063980 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231005-TRUCK-GETTY-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Experts who spoke with KQED worried more, though, that in the long term, the firings could be making way for a more partisan immigration court system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has just been so extreme that it really is a radical departure from past experiences in terms of people being fired despite good performance,” Marks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the court’s enforcement priorities typically shift with each administration, since it is housed within the Department of Justice, Atkinson said sitting judges are now under unprecedented pressure to make decisions that the DOJ agrees with, or face possible termination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New immigration judge job\u003ca href=\"https://join.justice.gov/\"> postings\u003c/a> in San Francisco and other cities, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Sec_Noem\">advertised\u003c/a> on social media by Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem the day before the firings, seek candidates to apply for roles as “deportation judges,” who would “restore integrity and honor to our Nation’s Immigration Court system” and ensure that “only aliens with legally meritorious claims are allowed to remain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think immigration judges are the canaries in the coal mine of the judicial system in America, they are the early warning system,” Marks said. “I fear that this kind of erratic, irrational and probably illegal behavior by the administration is just starting at the immigration courts. And I worry as to how it’s going to affect the legal system writ large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/wcruz\">\u003cem>Billy Cruz\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After five federal judges were fired last week in San Francisco, legal scholars and advocates are warning that t\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">he Trump administration\u003c/a> is taking unprecedented steps to remake the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/immigration-court\">immigration court system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s firings bring the total number of immigration court judges removed by the Trump Administration to 90 across the country, including 12 on the Bay Area’s bench, according to the National Association of Immigration Judges. This overhaul comes amid a nationwide backlog of immigration cases — with about 120,000 currently pending in the Bay Area alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis Law Professor Kevin Johnson said that it’s not uncommon for presidents to appoint judges whose philosophy matches their own, but that the current administration appears to be not only at hiring, but firing, the federal judges based on their immigration ideology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very aggressive, and it’s like nothing we’ve seen in any of the previous five or six administrations. I don’t remember it ever happening in U.S. history,” he told KQED. “But it’s happening now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Judges Amber George, Jeremiah Johnson, Louis Gordon, Shuting Chen and Patrick Savage were fired from San Francisco’s immigration court, which at the start of the year had more than 20 judges, according to Milli Atkinson, the director of the Immigrant Legal Defense Program with the Bar Association of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she said, the bench is down to just nine judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12054620/despite-a-growing-case-backlog-trump-fires-6th-san-francisco-immigration-judge\">seven other Bay Area judges were fired\u003c/a>, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055416/trump-fires-san-franciscos-top-immigration-judge\">city’s top judge, Loi McCleskey, who was terminated\u003c/a> after just over a year on the job in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/20251106_ICE-Vigil_GH-15_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator holds a sign reading “Santuario: Manteniendo Familias Unidas” (“Sanctuary: Keeping Families United”) during the Faith in Action “Walking Our Faith” vigil outside the San Francisco Immigration Court on Nov. 6, 2025. The multi-faith gathering called for compassion and protection for immigrant families. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The firings of longstanding adjudicators have been without explanation from the DOJ, according to Atkinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The general belief among the immigration legal community is that they are trying to remove judges who’ve been longstanding civil servants who’ve been very experienced in adjudicating these cases here in San Francisco and filling the bench with judges who are more aligned with the political beliefs of this administration and are going to follow policy memos and directives from the administration,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice did not respond to a request for comment on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s immigration court has historically granted asylum at higher rates than the national average, and 11 of the 12 judges who have lost their jobs have higher-than-average asylum-granting rates. The three San Francisco judges with the highest rates of asylum were all terminated earlier this year.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Attorneys told KQED in September that the discrepancy between rates across jurisdictions is likely due to a multitude of factors, including that asylum seekers in San Francisco are more likely to have representation and required to meet different standards than in some other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former immigration judge Dana Leigh Marks told KQED at the time that the firings also appear to be targeting those who have previously worked in immigrant advocacy rights, private practice or public interest law, while others who rose through the ranks as prosecutors for the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Division of the Department of Homeland Security have kept their appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an effort to change things by removing people as well as selecting new people who are going to be with their party line,” Professor Kevin Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atkinson said that the firings will require a major reshuffling of scheduled proceedings, which will make attorneys’ jobs more difficult, since they usually know how the presiding judge runs proceedings and tailor preparation and testimony and preparation to fit their style.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also jarring for asylum seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12003275\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12003275 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/USDeptofJusticeGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In August, the U.S. Department of Justice lowered the prerequisites to qualify for temporary judge positions, removing the requirement that candidates have prior experience. \u003ccite>(J. David Ake/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People are being arrested when they go to their hearings. They’re being arrested when they show up for appointments. So, they’re already terrified,” Atkinson said. “Now, everything that they’d been working towards and kind of building themselves up for mentally to prepare for — to suddenly have that taken out from under them is really challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shake-up will also add more strain to an overloaded immigration system, especially as temporary judges filling in remotely are no longer required to have a background in immigration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the DOJ lowered the prerequisites to qualify for temporary judge positions, removing the requirement that candidates have prior experience. The following week, the federal government authorized 600 military lawyers to serve as temporary immigration judges, NPR reported.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Experts who spoke with KQED worried more, though, that in the long term, the firings could be making way for a more partisan immigration court system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has just been so extreme that it really is a radical departure from past experiences in terms of people being fired despite good performance,” Marks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the court’s enforcement priorities typically shift with each administration, since it is housed within the Department of Justice, Atkinson said sitting judges are now under unprecedented pressure to make decisions that the DOJ agrees with, or face possible termination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New immigration judge job\u003ca href=\"https://join.justice.gov/\"> postings\u003c/a> in San Francisco and other cities, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Sec_Noem\">advertised\u003c/a> on social media by Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem the day before the firings, seek candidates to apply for roles as “deportation judges,” who would “restore integrity and honor to our Nation’s Immigration Court system” and ensure that “only aliens with legally meritorious claims are allowed to remain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think immigration judges are the canaries in the coal mine of the judicial system in America, they are the early warning system,” Marks said. “I fear that this kind of erratic, irrational and probably illegal behavior by the administration is just starting at the immigration courts. And I worry as to how it’s going to affect the legal system writ large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/wcruz\">\u003cem>Billy Cruz\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Satima Flaherty was working from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12064801/heres-what-we-know-about-ice-activity-near-west-oakland-schools\">her West Oakland home on Wednesday \u003c/a>when she heard tires screeching and a loud smash outside her door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She rushed to her front window, assuming there had been a car crash — and hoped it didn’t involve hers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I go outside, I look, it’s my car,” she recalled. “I was almost in tears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaherty said she saw an older man, who appeared to be limping, get out of the grey Dodge Charger that rammed into the front of her black Honda and take off down the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she thought it had been a typical hit-and-run until neighbors informed her that the officers on scene were federal immigration officials who had been following the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collision occurred after 9 a.m. Wednesday morning, shortly before reports that Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents had been spotted conducting a targeted enforcement operation nearby Hoover Elementary School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commotion led to secure lockout procedures at Hoover and Harriet Tubman Child Development Center and standard protocol for ICE activity at other nearby Oakland Unified School District sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626216 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS18012_GettyImages-492659230-e1509046076403.jpg\" alt=\"A U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent detains an immigrant in Los Angeles in 2015.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Councilmember Carroll Fife, the targeted man had been dropping a child off at school that morning when he was “chased by masked men,” believed to be ICE officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crash came just months after Oakland loosened its vehicle chase policies for local law enforcement, reversing restrictions from 2022 intended to protect bystanders during high-speed pursuits. Oakland’s rules don’t apply to state and federal agencies, including ICE and the Department of Homeland Security. The speed at which the agents and the pursued vehicle were traveling is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaherty said that when she went outside to check on her car, she approached the agents, who were searching through the Dodge. They told her that Oakland Police would follow up on the incident and drove away, she said, guessing they were still in pursuit of the man they had aimed to detain.[aside postID=news_12064801 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/ICEGetty.jpg']“It left me with a huge amount of damage and no accountability,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The front bumper of Flaherty’s car was completely totaled and undrivable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She filed a police report with OPD later that day, but said she hasn’t been contacted. In a statement on Wednesday, OPD said it was investigating the collision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like I’m just left dangling here,” Flaherty told KQED. “It’s going to be a setback, especially during the holidays.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 38-year-old Oakland native, who lives with her nine-year-old daughter and mother, said she doesn’t have a reliable way to take her child to school or visit the clients she serves as a social worker. She is also pregnant and relies on her car to get to and from prenatal doctor’s appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother has a car, but it isn’t in reliable condition, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaherty said Fife offered to help her get reimbursed for a rental car, but she doesn’t have one yet. Instead, she’s used Uber to travel to and from her daughter’s school at pick-up and drop-off and took Thursday off from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has insurance and said she’s begun the claim process, but isn’t expecting to get enough compensation to replace the car. She started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/ice-hit-and-run-victim-seeking-help-for-reliable-vehicle\">fundraiser on GoFundMe\u003c/a> asking neighbors to help her raise money to purchase a new vehicle in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she wanted to be able to be independent again, but didn’t want to see the driver get in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It caused a huge setback for me, but for me, it’s material stuff and for him, it’s his life. When he was running, he was running for his life,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, she thought it had been a typical hit-and-run until neighbors informed her that the officers on scene were federal immigration officials who had been following the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collision occurred after 9 a.m. Wednesday morning, shortly before reports that Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents had been spotted conducting a targeted enforcement operation nearby Hoover Elementary School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commotion led to secure lockout procedures at Hoover and Harriet Tubman Child Development Center and standard protocol for ICE activity at other nearby Oakland Unified School District sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626216 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS18012_GettyImages-492659230-e1509046076403.jpg\" alt=\"A U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent detains an immigrant in Los Angeles in 2015.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Councilmember Carroll Fife, the targeted man had been dropping a child off at school that morning when he was “chased by masked men,” believed to be ICE officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crash came just months after Oakland loosened its vehicle chase policies for local law enforcement, reversing restrictions from 2022 intended to protect bystanders during high-speed pursuits. Oakland’s rules don’t apply to state and federal agencies, including ICE and the Department of Homeland Security. The speed at which the agents and the pursued vehicle were traveling is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaherty said that when she went outside to check on her car, she approached the agents, who were searching through the Dodge. They told her that Oakland Police would follow up on the incident and drove away, she said, guessing they were still in pursuit of the man they had aimed to detain.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It left me with a huge amount of damage and no accountability,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The front bumper of Flaherty’s car was completely totaled and undrivable, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She filed a police report with OPD later that day, but said she hasn’t been contacted. In a statement on Wednesday, OPD said it was investigating the collision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like I’m just left dangling here,” Flaherty told KQED. “It’s going to be a setback, especially during the holidays.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 38-year-old Oakland native, who lives with her nine-year-old daughter and mother, said she doesn’t have a reliable way to take her child to school or visit the clients she serves as a social worker. She is also pregnant and relies on her car to get to and from prenatal doctor’s appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mother has a car, but it isn’t in reliable condition, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flaherty said Fife offered to help her get reimbursed for a rental car, but she doesn’t have one yet. Instead, she’s used Uber to travel to and from her daughter’s school at pick-up and drop-off and took Thursday off from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has insurance and said she’s begun the claim process, but isn’t expecting to get enough compensation to replace the car. She started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/ice-hit-and-run-victim-seeking-help-for-reliable-vehicle\">fundraiser on GoFundMe\u003c/a> asking neighbors to help her raise money to purchase a new vehicle in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she wanted to be able to be independent again, but didn’t want to see the driver get in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It caused a huge setback for me, but for me, it’s material stuff and for him, it’s his life. When he was running, he was running for his life,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The woman facing federal charges for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062859/suspected-u-haul-driver-charged-with-assaulting-federal-officers-after-bay-area-protest\">driving a U-Haul truck toward Coast Guard officers\u003c/a> during an immigration protest in Oakland last month was released on bail early Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bella Thompson, 26, is expected to reside with her parents in Southern California while attending an outpatient mental health treatment program pending trial, according to new court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson is accused of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061436/2-injured-after-officers-shoot-at-truck-outside-alameda-base-following-day-of-protests\">reversing a U-Haul truck toward a blockade of federal officers\u003c/a> on the bridge to Alameda’s Coast Guard Island on the night of Oct. 23. That day, U.S. Border Patrol agents had arrived on the base ahead of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061209/lurie-trump-is-calling-off-plans-to-send-federal-troops-to-san-francisco\">planned “surge”\u003c/a> of immigration enforcement activity in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Coast Guard said the Department of Homeland Security planned to use the base as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061080/federal-border-agents-to-arrive-in-bay-area-as-cities-brace-for-enforcement-surge\">place of operation\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their arrival that morning sparked protests across the Bay Area, including at the intersection of Dennison Street and Embarcadero in Oakland, which leads onto the base’s single access bridge. For hours, hundreds of activists tried to block vehicles from driving on or off the island, though most dispersed in the afternoon after California Highway Patrol cleared the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before 10 p.m., prosecutors say, Thompson arrived at the intersection, where a few dozen protesters remained. Prosecutors allege she reversed the truck onto the bridge and defied orders to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062874\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12062874\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police officers examine a U-Haul truck involved in a shooting at the entrance to Coast Guard Base Alameda, according to an officer at the scene, Friday, Oct. 24, 2025, in Oakland, California. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They say Coast Guard personnel feared for their lives and opened fire on the truck, striking Thompson and a bystander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson drove off but was detained later that night at Highland Hospital in Oakland, where she was being treated for a gunshot wound to the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order to release Thompson pending trial on Thursday comes a week after she appeared in court for a bail hearing that was sealed to the public, since defense attorneys said it would include discussion of her mental health diagnosis and medical and hospitalization information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to federal prosecutors, she returned to the court on Thursday for further proceedings and was ultimately granted bail. They moved to pause Thompson’s release that day, saying they planned to appeal the decision.[aside postID=news_12063471 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251023-MAYOR-LEE-PRESSER-MD-02_qed.jpg']Prosecutors had argued that Thompson should remain in custody pending trial, calling her a “danger to the community” and citing her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12063898/suspected-u-haul-driver-tried-to-flee-hospital-after-coast-guard-shooting-police-report-says\">attempt to flee detention\u003c/a> on the night of her arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to police reports, Thompson tried to escape Alameda police officers at Highland Hospital after asking to use the restroom. Officers wrote that they tackled her to the ground and handcuffed her to a gurney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night, Thompson was transferred to John George Psychiatric Hospital and underwent a mental health evaluation. She was later placed on a 72-hour involuntary psychiatric hold before being booked into Santa Rita Jail in Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conditions of release currently set — which include release to a ‘partial hospitalization plan’ — are insufficient to ensure the safety of the community,” the government’s motion read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Judge Casey Pitts late Thursday granted a temporary delay on her release until 4 p.m. Friday. Normally, that order would have required Thompson to remain in custody until it expired or Pitts issued a further instruction, but she was released around 2:30 a.m. Friday, according to her attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063909\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Law enforcement agents stand at the intersection of Dennison Street and Embarcadero in front of Coast Guard Island in Oakland on Oct. 24, 2025, following a shooting late last night in which security personnel opened fire on a U-Haul near the base. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a motion they filed Friday morning opposing the delay of Thompson’s release, attorneys Elisse Larouche and Kaitlyn Frysek wrote that the government did not make a strong case that her release posed a danger to the community, citing that she had no criminal record and would be required to reside with her parents in Southern California pending trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also wrote that delaying bail would delay Thompson’s participation in a mental health treatment program 25 hours per week beginning Monday, and could cause potential harm to her mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitts vacated the temporary delay of release on Friday morning, writing that it was not warranted since Thompson had been released from custody and “a judge had ‘appropriately tailored’ the conditions of release ‘to avoid risk to the community’” pending appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The woman facing federal charges for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062859/suspected-u-haul-driver-charged-with-assaulting-federal-officers-after-bay-area-protest\">driving a U-Haul truck toward Coast Guard officers\u003c/a> during an immigration protest in Oakland last month was released on bail early Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bella Thompson, 26, is expected to reside with her parents in Southern California while attending an outpatient mental health treatment program pending trial, according to new court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson is accused of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061436/2-injured-after-officers-shoot-at-truck-outside-alameda-base-following-day-of-protests\">reversing a U-Haul truck toward a blockade of federal officers\u003c/a> on the bridge to Alameda’s Coast Guard Island on the night of Oct. 23. That day, U.S. Border Patrol agents had arrived on the base ahead of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061209/lurie-trump-is-calling-off-plans-to-send-federal-troops-to-san-francisco\">planned “surge”\u003c/a> of immigration enforcement activity in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Coast Guard said the Department of Homeland Security planned to use the base as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061080/federal-border-agents-to-arrive-in-bay-area-as-cities-brace-for-enforcement-surge\">place of operation\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their arrival that morning sparked protests across the Bay Area, including at the intersection of Dennison Street and Embarcadero in Oakland, which leads onto the base’s single access bridge. For hours, hundreds of activists tried to block vehicles from driving on or off the island, though most dispersed in the afternoon after California Highway Patrol cleared the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before 10 p.m., prosecutors say, Thompson arrived at the intersection, where a few dozen protesters remained. Prosecutors allege she reversed the truck onto the bridge and defied orders to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12062874\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12062874\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/UHaulCoastGuardAlamedaAP-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police officers examine a U-Haul truck involved in a shooting at the entrance to Coast Guard Base Alameda, according to an officer at the scene, Friday, Oct. 24, 2025, in Oakland, California. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They say Coast Guard personnel feared for their lives and opened fire on the truck, striking Thompson and a bystander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson drove off but was detained later that night at Highland Hospital in Oakland, where she was being treated for a gunshot wound to the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order to release Thompson pending trial on Thursday comes a week after she appeared in court for a bail hearing that was sealed to the public, since defense attorneys said it would include discussion of her mental health diagnosis and medical and hospitalization information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to federal prosecutors, she returned to the court on Thursday for further proceedings and was ultimately granted bail. They moved to pause Thompson’s release that day, saying they planned to appeal the decision.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Prosecutors had argued that Thompson should remain in custody pending trial, calling her a “danger to the community” and citing her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12063898/suspected-u-haul-driver-tried-to-flee-hospital-after-coast-guard-shooting-police-report-says\">attempt to flee detention\u003c/a> on the night of her arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to police reports, Thompson tried to escape Alameda police officers at Highland Hospital after asking to use the restroom. Officers wrote that they tackled her to the ground and handcuffed her to a gurney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night, Thompson was transferred to John George Psychiatric Hospital and underwent a mental health evaluation. She was later placed on a 72-hour involuntary psychiatric hold before being booked into Santa Rita Jail in Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conditions of release currently set — which include release to a ‘partial hospitalization plan’ — are insufficient to ensure the safety of the community,” the government’s motion read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Judge Casey Pitts late Thursday granted a temporary delay on her release until 4 p.m. Friday. Normally, that order would have required Thompson to remain in custody until it expired or Pitts issued a further instruction, but she was released around 2:30 a.m. Friday, according to her attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12063909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12063909\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/251024-CoastGuard-01-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Law enforcement agents stand at the intersection of Dennison Street and Embarcadero in front of Coast Guard Island in Oakland on Oct. 24, 2025, following a shooting late last night in which security personnel opened fire on a U-Haul near the base. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a motion they filed Friday morning opposing the delay of Thompson’s release, attorneys Elisse Larouche and Kaitlyn Frysek wrote that the government did not make a strong case that her release posed a danger to the community, citing that she had no criminal record and would be required to reside with her parents in Southern California pending trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also wrote that delaying bail would delay Thompson’s participation in a mental health treatment program 25 hours per week beginning Monday, and could cause potential harm to her mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pitts vacated the temporary delay of release on Friday morning, writing that it was not warranted since Thompson had been released from custody and “a judge had ‘appropriately tailored’ the conditions of release ‘to avoid risk to the community’” pending appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two schools in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/west-oakland\">West Oakland\u003c/a> and concerned neighbors were on alert Wednesday after an immigration enforcement operation appeared to have led to a car crash near the campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the schools followed the district’s “\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uvwTgGIS_2SFTspbEnU7oPMTggaP8QOS6ieKHCDEh2c/edit?tab=t.0\">secure protocol\u003c/a>” for Immigration and Customs Enforcement activity, the Oakland Unified School District and Alameda County’s rapid response network said the sites were not targeted by ICE and remained safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what we know, and don’t know, about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enforcement activity in West Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to the Alameda County Immigration Legal Education Partnership, federal immigration officers were conducting targeted enforcement activity in the area on Wednesday morning when a vehicle crashed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crash happened just before 10 a.m. on the 800 block of 31st Street as “an outside law enforcement agency was conducting an investigation within the City of Oakland,” according to the Oakland Police Department, which is investigating the collision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043210\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Unified School District Offices in Oakland on April 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outside agency — presumed to be ICE — was trying to contact a vehicle involved in its case, Oakland police said. That vehicle collided with another vehicle, which was not involved in the operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Carroll Fife \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/DRQJ6nGEk8E/?hl=en\">said in a video on social media\u003c/a> that the crash happened as a parent dropping their child off at school was “chased by masked men” believed to be ICE officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monique Berlanga, who heads Centro Legal de la Raza in Oakland, said the collision scared people in the neighborhood, where there are multiple OUSD campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The district said in a message to parents on Wednesday that it placed Hoover Elementary School and Harriet Tubman Child Development Center under its secure school protocol after hearing reports of ICE activity in their vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your child is safe in school,” the message continued, adding that other campuses were following standard protocol for ICE activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013785\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12013785 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at recess at an Oakland school on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berlanga said the Alameda County Immigration Legal Education Partnership got reports that staff at Hoover questioned the officers and asked them to identify themselves, but that they had not been able to confirm what agency they were with. She said the network had no reason to believe that either school was the target of enforcement activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It appears likely that this was targeted ICE enforcement nearby the school, which may have been related to a collision nearby,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the incident rattled community members and sparked a protest of about 50 people, including Oakland teachers and teachers union staff, outside Hoover in the late morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They told KQED they were gathered to support families and school staff if there was increased ICE presence, especially around pickup time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Udovic, a kindergarten teacher and Oakland Education Association officer, said principals were driving some students home from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What we don’t know\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oakland police said their investigation into the crash is ongoing, and they did not specify which outside law enforcement agency was involved.[aside postID=news_12063793 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/20251028_IMMIGRANT-MASS-_HERNANDEZ-17-KQED.jpg']OUSD said it had heard reports of ICE presence in other Oakland neighborhoods, including between 71st and 81st avenues and International Boulevard, but those had not been confirmed. ICE did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fife said that after the collision, neighbors surrounded the immigration officials’ vehicle and prevented them from making any arrest, though that has not been confirmed. Berlanga said ACILEP was still determining whether the morning’s enforcement activity had led to any arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Barbara Lee said in a statement that her office was in communication with the school district and police about the reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to reiterate to our immigrant community: Oakland stands firmly with you — this is who we are and what we believe. You are not alone, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/jlara\">\u003cem>Juan Carlos Lara\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two schools in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/west-oakland\">West Oakland\u003c/a> and concerned neighbors were on alert Wednesday after an immigration enforcement operation appeared to have led to a car crash near the campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the schools followed the district’s “\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uvwTgGIS_2SFTspbEnU7oPMTggaP8QOS6ieKHCDEh2c/edit?tab=t.0\">secure protocol\u003c/a>” for Immigration and Customs Enforcement activity, the Oakland Unified School District and Alameda County’s rapid response network said the sites were not targeted by ICE and remained safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what we know, and don’t know, about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enforcement activity in West Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to the Alameda County Immigration Legal Education Partnership, federal immigration officers were conducting targeted enforcement activity in the area on Wednesday morning when a vehicle crashed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crash happened just before 10 a.m. on the 800 block of 31st Street as “an outside law enforcement agency was conducting an investigation within the City of Oakland,” according to the Oakland Police Department, which is investigating the collision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12043210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12043210\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250428-OUSD-OFFICE-FILE-MD-04_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Unified School District Offices in Oakland on April 28, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outside agency — presumed to be ICE — was trying to contact a vehicle involved in its case, Oakland police said. That vehicle collided with another vehicle, which was not involved in the operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Carroll Fife \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/DRQJ6nGEk8E/?hl=en\">said in a video on social media\u003c/a> that the crash happened as a parent dropping their child off at school was “chased by masked men” believed to be ICE officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monique Berlanga, who heads Centro Legal de la Raza in Oakland, said the collision scared people in the neighborhood, where there are multiple OUSD campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The district said in a message to parents on Wednesday that it placed Hoover Elementary School and Harriet Tubman Child Development Center under its secure school protocol after hearing reports of ICE activity in their vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your child is safe in school,” the message continued, adding that other campuses were following standard protocol for ICE activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013785\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12013785 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/030_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at recess at an Oakland school on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berlanga said the Alameda County Immigration Legal Education Partnership got reports that staff at Hoover questioned the officers and asked them to identify themselves, but that they had not been able to confirm what agency they were with. She said the network had no reason to believe that either school was the target of enforcement activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It appears likely that this was targeted ICE enforcement nearby the school, which may have been related to a collision nearby,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the incident rattled community members and sparked a protest of about 50 people, including Oakland teachers and teachers union staff, outside Hoover in the late morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They told KQED they were gathered to support families and school staff if there was increased ICE presence, especially around pickup time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Udovic, a kindergarten teacher and Oakland Education Association officer, said principals were driving some students home from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What we don’t know\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oakland police said their investigation into the crash is ongoing, and they did not specify which outside law enforcement agency was involved.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>OUSD said it had heard reports of ICE presence in other Oakland neighborhoods, including between 71st and 81st avenues and International Boulevard, but those had not been confirmed. ICE did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fife said that after the collision, neighbors surrounded the immigration officials’ vehicle and prevented them from making any arrest, though that has not been confirmed. Berlanga said ACILEP was still determining whether the morning’s enforcement activity had led to any arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Barbara Lee said in a statement that her office was in communication with the school district and police about the reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to reiterate to our immigrant community: Oakland stands firmly with you — this is who we are and what we believe. You are not alone, and we will not be intimidated by federal operations designed to create fear and division,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/jlara\">\u003cem>Juan Carlos Lara\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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