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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he was scrolling through social media, Steve Saltwick came across a video of protesting students ripping up the Constitution. “I’m a conservative,” said Saltwick, who works at \u003ca href=\"https://braverangels.org/\">Braver Angels\u003c/a>, a national nonprofit focused on bridging political divides. “The Constitution is a pretty serious document for me. So with righteous indignation, I [reposted] it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the video was fake. “I fell for it immediately,” he admitted. The experience drove home just how easy it is to be misled and how crucial it is to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63681/how-do-you-counter-misinformation-critical-thinking-is-step-one\">think critically about the media we consume\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sxswedu.com/\">2025 SXSW EDU conference\u003c/a>, a panel moderated by MindShift brought together experts on media literacy to discuss what young people and the adults who teach them need now. Panelists included Saltwick, a senior fellow of Braver Angels; \u003ca href=\"https://www.tannerhiggin.com/\">Tanner Higgin\u003c/a>, a senior educational technology researcher at WestEd; and Kiera Beddes, a Utah-based digital teaching and learning specialist. Together, they painted a picture of how media literacy has evolved and how educators can make it a meaningful, integrated part of their teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Media literacy is for everyone\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Media literacy has traditionally been associated with fact-checking and spotting misinformation. But as Higgin pointed out, it has often been framed around fear, particularly in response to the spread of new technology. Sometimes it can seem like setting up fences, he said, about how there is often an emphasis on making sure students can filter information. “We can be less reactive and more proactive in media literacy education,” added Higgin. Today media literacy also includes understanding how identity, community and algorithms shape our experience of information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While media literacy can seem politically charged, its core goals are widely shared. Words like “fake news” or “misinformation” may raise alarms, but “everyone wants kids to be knowledgeable, thoughtful, critical thinkers,” said Higgin. He cited data from \u003ca href=\"https://medialiteracynow.org/nationalsurvey2022/\">Media Literacy Now that said 84%\u003c/a> of surveyed adults believe media literacy should be a required part of school, while a study from the \u003ca href=\"https://newslit.org/news-literacy-in-america/\">News Literacy Project found that 94%\u003c/a> of teens agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite widespread support, many educators feel unsure how to approach the topic, especially in polarized environments. Beddes noted that most teachers don’t have a background in media studies, and discomfort around addressing controversial topics can lead to media literacy being sidelined. \u003ca href=\"https://digitalthriving.gse.harvard.edu/\">The Center for Digital Thriving\u003c/a> offers a possible solution with resources that help educators take a nonpartisan, student-led approach, including classroom-ready lesson plans and teacher training.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Build a Culture of Respectful Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Media literacy isn’t just about analyzing content; it also requires students to discuss what they’re seeing and feeling, especially when they disagree. “What we find is many people are hesitant to share a view, especially a view that might be in the minority in a given group,” said Saltwick. “But with a few simple techniques, you can really get a good dialogue going to make sure all these perspectives are heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saltwick recommended using a clear structure for these conversations. He teaches the LAPP technique — Listen, Acknowledge, Pivot, Perspective — as a way to model respectful disagreement and build trust. “The tenor of the conversation changes dramatically,” he said. “So it’s not a battle of wills: ‘I’m right, you’re wrong.’ It’s ‘let’s understand.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beddes agreed that structure can help students navigate difficult discussions. She provides sentence stems to help them express curiosity and respond without escalating conflict. In her classroom, she also uses the \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/63335c5039fd1568331b8332/t/67b758dd1695b75d62b81307/1740069086806/DI+Card+v2.2.pdf\">Dignity Index\u003c/a>, a tool that evaluates the tone of speech, to help students ground their arguments in mutual respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When media literacy conversations touch on identity, they can be particularly challenging. “False belief systems, conspiracy theories, can fuse to people’s identities now. And that is something that any number of skills can’t unwind,” said Higgin. “That’s why I think media literacy needs to not just be about skills—it needs to be about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54286/how-a-school-prioritizes-character-as-much-as-academics\">character\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62501/want-your-kids-to-be-happier-and-healthier-start-talking-with-them-about-uncomfortable-emotions\">social-emotional learning\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Use Real Media, Not Hypotheticals\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be effective, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63390/ai-images-and-conspiracy-theories-are-driving-a-push-for-media-literacy-education\">media literacy education must engage with the actual media\u003c/a> students encounter in their daily lives. While there are tools that recreate media and try to approximate what a newsfeed would look like, “it can be very challenging to get something that feels authentic,” said Higgin. “We need to increasingly figure out how to manage the privacy and safety and maturity level of kids, but get them as much exposure to the actual media and thinking through the media in authentic environments as possible.” That includes analyzing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">social media platforms\u003c/a> students already use since algorithms often present a partial view of a topic as if it’s the whole truth and may reinforce students’ existing beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To push back against those filters, Saltwick leads an activity called \u003cem>Walk a Mile in My News,\u003c/em> in which students exchange the media they consume, such as a favorite news outlet or influencer, and reflect on the differences in perspective. Exploring news sources outside of their usual echo chambers helps students realize what perspectives might be missing from their own sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beddes offered a similar activity to encourage critical thinking and highlight bias. She shares \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62710/like-it-or-not-kids-hear-the-news-heres-how-teachers-help-them-understand-it\">news articles\u003c/a> from outlets with different political leanings, removes the names of the publications and authors and asks students to guess the source. “It’s helping the students recognize who’s not part of this conversation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, starting small can make the work more sustainable and more impactful. That could mean doing a short “media moment” where students reflect on how a recent viral post relates to what they’re learning in history or science. According to Beddes, resources like The \u003ca href=\"https://newslit.org/educators/sift/\">SIFT newsletter from the News Literacy Project\u003c/a> can support this kind of integration by providing timely examples and analysis of real media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers are often hesitant to take on media literacy because it can feel like another box to check, but Beddes says it doesn’t have to be that way. “Make media the lens through which you teach your subject matter so that it is not just another thing,” she advised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5161212251\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>Welcome to Mind Shift, the podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir. This year, I went to the South by Southwest EDU conference in Austin, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> I moderated a panel all about media literacy and I got to talk to three amazing people who are really thinking about this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>Hey everybody, I’m Tanner Higgin. I’m a senior educational technology researcher at WestEd which is a large and old education research organization focused on all ages and stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>Hi everyone, my name is Kiera Beddes. I’m a digital teaching and learning specialist in Utah. Been in education for about 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> And my name is Steve Saltwick and I volunteer pretty much full time for an organization called Braver Angels, which is a national nonprofit totally focused on bridging the political divide in all demographic areas because we feel that is essential in strengthening our democratic republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>Together, they brought a lot of insight and heart to that conversation. And today we’re sharing an excerpt of that panel. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> I wanted to start with a question that you all could answer about a moment that made you realize how important media literacy is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> Right after the mass shooting at the Marjory Stoner Douglas, where several of the students became quite active and well-known on social media. I remember seeing a post on my social feeds of those students ripping up a copy of the Constitution. And I’m a conservative. I mean, the Constitution’s a pretty serious document for me. So with righteous indignation, I posted this thing. And then came to find out from several of my friends who posted saying that’s a fake video and it just absolutely stunned me. So I withdrew, you know, I apologized it withdrew the post You know, and it made me really think my goodness How powerful a video image was of something like that and I fell for it immediately. I realized I needed to be a lot more mature, if you will, I guess in the way I consumed media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I have kind of a similar experience. I was at my nail tech and I was a captive audience because, you know, when you’re there for a couple of hours getting your nails done. And she’d be telling me, “Oh, I saw this thing on TikTok and isn’t that the craziest thing you’ve ever heard?” And I’d be like, “I don’t think that’s real.” And so one-handedly I’d be like hurriedly like googling something on my phone So I could be like this article says that’s not true or or these things also say kind of the opposite and so it was this really kind of aha moment that I had where She was seeing things and her algorithm was telling her things that were not crossing my dashboard And I just realized that like oh if she is is thinking these things and having these conversations in her home, what does that look like in my classroom? What are my kids seeing and what’s impacting them? And I realized the skills of lateral reading, of fact checking, but even going beyond that to say why is it so easy to kind of fall for these things? And so that was my aha moment. I was like, this is important and we need to do more about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>Yeah, it may come at this from a different angle, which is, my academic background is more in the media studies world. And one thing I love about media literacy is that when done well, it sort of unlocks a whole new layer of meaning in the world. The world comes alive once you start to understand audiovisual media and how to interpret it and unpack it. And the different systems for understanding that by looking at the medium itself, right, as part of the architecture of the meaning of something. I had some great intro to film professors who sort of gave me this new media studies and media literacy lens, tapped into the, you know, the whole notion of film language, and it felt like I’d been let into this sort of secret knowledge that exists and can really make meaning everywhere you look once you tap into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Thank you. And I do want to start with asking you a question, Tanner, because you actually brought to my attention when we were first discussing this session that media literacy has transformed throughout time because our world is also changing. Like the technology that we have, even in the past like two years, has grown by leaps and bounds. So can you kind of frame for us the way that media literacy has evolved over time? Maybe even what historical trends have shaped the way that we teach it today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> What I love about media literacy is that it kind of reflects culture at that time, but then shapes it as well. Media literacy education, interestingly, is a whole other thing. And it really grows out of policy. And policy, as I think everyone knows, especially in education, often, needs to get pushed. And it often gets pushed from a standpoint of fear, I would argue, especially media literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> You know, these new technologies pop up and with it you see a new spark and interest in media literacy but it’s often from a feeling of “We need to do something for the children because this new technology is scary and is transforming everything we see.” You know, television to internet, web publishing, eroding the whole idea of authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Whereas traditional literacy, ELA kind of instruction is all about like building bridges, opening up worlds for kids to like see and read the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Media literacy education when it gets operationalized through policy is like setting up fences. Like let’s protect and filter information and let’s make sure kids have that capability—Very, very important, but it cuts off all of the amazing extraordinary aspects of media literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> So that’s kinda been my passion. And the way I sort of think through media history, media literacy history is this battle between what happens in the media studies world and what happens in the Media Literacy Education world. And how maybe we can be less reactive and more proactive in media literacy education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> I want to bring it to Kiera, who I’m so happy to have on this panel, because I feel like when we get up in theories and ideas, you being at school really brings us back down to the rubber meets the road, ‘what does this look like in classrooms?’ So can you maybe talk about some of the challenges that you’re seeing with media literacy in your position in schools?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> The biggest thing that teachers are always gonna say is that they need time. And then also, they say I can’t add one more thing onto my plate. And so the problem with that though is that when we see media literacy as some sort of other, then it gets left by the wayside because they’re gonna focus on their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>Whereas like I try to emphasize with my teachers, media literacy isn’t another thing, it becomes the lens through which you can teach your content. Media literacy, when it’s done well, you’re not just looking at the film or the message or the content of whatever you’re looking at, whatever media that you’re interacting with, but you’re also looking at the form and the choices that were made in production that impact how you, the viewer, you, the consumer, interacts with that media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Thank you, and I’m curious, Steve, if you have anything to add to that, because I know that Braver Angels is in the business of creating containers for better conversations, which I think is a big part of media literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick: \u003c/strong>What we’re focused on is the idea that everyone has a perspective and a point of view, including the media you consume. We have one program called Walk a Mile in My News. So you take two people who have very different viewpoints, and they actually switch the kinds of media they consume. And then they talk about that. And they realize, well, wait a minute, I’m missing things, because I’m not reading what the other person is reading, and much of this is not that one is right or one is wrong, it’s just to appreciate the fact that others have perspectives that are quite different from you, and if you have ground rules that set the stage for a respectful dialog about that, you can really get to a further appreciation of what the topic is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>I’ve heard of other teachers doing activities where they have their students swap phones and go through each other’s feeds to see what are you seeing? How is it different from what I’m seeing? Kiera, have you seen any activities that have actually been successful in having students realize that what I see is not what everybody sees?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I’ve heard teachers where they will print out articles and they remove all identifying features of the article so that they’re just looking at the language that is used in the article. And based on the word choice, you can kind of see, oh, based on how they’re talking about this topic, you can guess, is it left leaning, is right leaning? And it kind of calls to mind the ultimate promise of media literacy, which is like looking at the form, right? What is the structure and how is it used and what choices are being used. But there’s also perspectives that are noticeably absent and it’s helping the students recognize who’s not part of this conversation. Just being aware of like, oh, there is more to this and how can I go out and find that missing perspective and bring it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> And I want to bring you into this too, Tanner. Are there tech tools or ed tech tools that can kind of foster this idea that, like I might be seeing like a certain thing, but I am aware that there is a bigger story or a bigger narrative out there beyond what I see on my own feeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Since I would say 2016, there’s been a growing sector within ed tech specifically focused on various approaches to what one might call fake news. I’m of two minds about these tools because I think one of the tricky things with media literacy in particular is if the medium is the message. Then you need to engage with the medium to understand it. Tools that recreate media and try and like, especially for younger kids, approximate what a newsfeed would look like. I think it can be very challenging to get something that feels authentic to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>My recommendation is when possible to get kids engaging with the actual media itself. Otherwise, it’s like you’re teaching film studies by having students reading film synopses or something instead of looking at the actual film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>I think we need to increasingly figure out how to manage privacy and safety and maturity level of kids, but get them as much exposure to the actual media and thinking through the media in authentic environments as possible, because that’s what’s actually gonna serve them well when they are. You know, maybe sneaking some usage of things that we otherwise might not approve of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> When you were speaking, my brain snagged on, you mentioned fake news and I think even the words misinformation and disinformation can be kind of like politically coded and can feel a little bit divisive. Media literacy, I think we talked about this too, can be a non-partisan issue. What are some shared concerns that parents and educators across ideological lines can actually come together on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Yeah, I think particularly at this moment in time, it can feel like in education, there’s no common ground. But media literacy is one of, it has universal support. I think it’s somewhere around, media literacy now did a survey, like 84% of adults think it should be required in classrooms. And when you ask teens, 94% think it should be require in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>Everyone wants kids to be knowledgeable, thoughtful, critical thinkers. I mean, everyone wants that. It’s at the heart of education, right? Media literacy is at the core of what we want education to do, which is to empower people to be self-determined, to think for themselves, and to explore and engage with the world thoughtfully. There is no debate around whether that’s important or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I would add to that, for the average teacher, they don’t have the background of media studies to then feel comfortable talking about it in their classes. And so it gets put onto the wayside. And so I think it’s interesting that we see this universal need for it. But then the question is, how do we empower teachers to do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> What we find in the classroom, both in secondary schools and university, and really adults as well, is that with a few simple techniques, you can really get a good dialog going to make sure all these perspectives are heard and things like that. I mean, so a couple of just simple ground rules, right, of respectful conversation, especially body language, so no rolling of your eyes, sighing and things that, and just state them is a big deal. And then what we use is a very simple technique called LAPP for listen, acknowledge, pivot and perspective. And really the main thing about all of that is that the speaker needs to feel that they are understood. So when you listen, you’re not listening to frame a reply, you’re listening to understand. In Texas we call it, you listen to understand not reload. You know, and so, and that’s hard work. That’s hard, right? And then the pivot is to actually ask permission before you share your perspective. So someone would say, I hear you. This is what, you know, there’s an element I agree with. At the very least, you can say, it’s clearly an emotional topic for you. And then along, something along the lines of, you know I’ve been doing some reading on this, or I’ve seen some things on this. Would you mind if I share my perspective? And then if the other person says, sure, well then you now have permission to share a differing perspective. And that is handled differently than if the first reply you have is let me tell you my perspective, let me you what the truth is, right? That’s gonna be resisted. We find that as an amazingly powerful technique to use in these discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>It sounds like that process slows down the conversation in a way where it’s not as reactive. And that seems like a really important component of a conversation not kind of devolving into, I don’t know, finger pointing or talking past each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick: \u003c/strong>What we find is many people are hesitant to share a view, especially a view that might be in the minority in a given group, right? And if they feel heard, if someone says what you’re saying is blah, right, whether you agree with blah or not, right. But I now feel heard. Then there’s all sorts of trust that starts being built. There’s all sorts of personalization that starts being built. And the tenor of the conversation changes dramatically. So it’s not a battle of wills. “I’m right, you’re wrong.” It’s “Let’s understand each other” because both of us probably missed something in understanding this complicated thing, whatever it is, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> And I wonder, this is maybe something that Steve, you, and maybe Kiera, you as well, can weigh in on. I do feel like when we get into things that are related to maybe identity, social identity, things that are seen as values or like close to personhood, those can get really, really emotional very fast and they’re kind of unwieldy. It can be hard, I would think as an educator, to facilitate those conversations, and I know it’s really hard to be in those conversations. Do you have any strategies for, it sounds like LAPP could work for something like that. Are there any other things you’ve found that work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> One of my favorites, and it sounds so simple, but having sentence stems available for students… I’ve seen elementary school teachers through middle and high school, when you’re going to have a conversation, and if it’s going to be about a heated topic, you have kind of these sentence starters of like, okay, I see where you’re coming from, or this is my perspective, or. And there’s like a whole list of them. But I think it helps give students a framework for having a conversation, right? And I loved what you said about slowing the conversation down because a lot of what we see online is people share immediately out of strong emotion, right, either anger or fear or whatever the case may be. And so slowing down the reaction and really getting at “why do I react this way? Why am I feeling this way?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> One thing we’ve found with Braver Angels is that the importance of structure, right? So we will have some simple ground rules and there’s also a clear structure to the conversation. You know, here’s what we’re doing, here is how we’re going to do it, you know, here’s some very simple ground roles but it’s not just a free for all of everybody jumping in, talking over one another, all of that. By having ground rules and a structure to the conversation, you create a much open space for people to share their ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>Tanner, was there anything you wanted to add to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> I’m really struck by this notion of identity and values and how it comes into play in the interpretation of media and how we receive it and understand it and what we cling to. And one thing I’ve really been doing a lot of thinking about is like, I picture this as a relatively modern phenomenon, I think spurred by social media and how as a medium, conditions culture in a way, where false beliefs, false belief systems, conspiracy theories, can fuse to people’s identities now. And that is something that any number of skills can’t unwind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>You can teach people in that position all of the media literacy skills in the world and Dana Boyd had a great talk on this, titled, “Did Media Literacy Backfire?” because she was observing how in some of these communities, critical thinking skills get applied. They just go the wrong way. But I believe, I hypothesize, that to untether false belief from identity takes humility. And that is in very short supply in the world of social media. We’re almost conditioned against it. And people with false beliefs that are tethered to their identity, it becomes like their entire world can come crumbling down if they are to take a different view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>And that’s why I think media literacy needs to not just be about skills, it needs to be about character. And social-emotional learning and that I haven’t seen many approaches that really take that seriously. I think there are some but I think a lot more work to be done and there’s a lot of research to be done in maybe proving me correct or half correct or completely false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>That does make me think of, Kiera, you posed a question when you were answering a question earlier, which was teachers need to be kind of empowered to kind of take on media literacy. And from what Tanner said, it is kind of a tall order. What do you think teachers need to get that work started?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>My answer to this is always to start small, because I don’t want to overwhelm teachers, but I do want to start, right? Find a direction and head in that direction. The resources, The SIFT from the news literacy project, so it’s a newsletter they put out each week. In it, they have rumor guard where they take a viral piece of media and they break down why it went viral and what was true and what is false and kind of helping reinforce those skills. That we want our students to gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>And I think something as simple as a media moment, right? Where a teacher could be a classroom starter, it could be an exit ticket, it could anything that you just have two minutes, three minutes, pop up a piece of media, and this can be anything, right, because text is very broadly based. But then you have your students practice those skills, you’re reinforcing those skills. And as a teacher, you don’t have to have a degree in media analyzes, but you’re helping them break down not only what are they seeing, like what is the content, but you also ask them questions about how it was created and what is meaning behind how it is created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> MindShift is all about solutions. I think it’s easy to get kind of mired in the work that needs to be done. But I’m wondering, for all three of you, if you can share an example of someone who’s doing this work well, whether it’s an organization or an experience that you’ve had where it’s gone really positively. You got one, Steve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick: \u003c/strong>Well, I would say Braver Angels, right? I mean, what a layup, okay, right, but I certainly know one thing that strikes me about Braver Angels. It started in 2016 where a group of Trump voters and a group Hillary voters got very worried about the state of the country and it was all adults, right-typically retired adults and all of that. And then subsequently has branched out to college campuses, high schools, some middle schools. And we do workshops, and I’ve moderated many of those workshops. I’ve probably seen about 100 workshops, and probably 20%, 30% of them have been in the high school and college area. What always strikes me is really unbelievable is the thirst that I see in students to have real conversations about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I have two that came to mind. One is very similar to the work that Braver Angels is doing, so the Dignity Index, they’ve developed this ranking scale of public speech and whether or not it gives dignity to the people that they’re talking about, which is a fascinating way of looking at how we talk about other people, especially people we disagree with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>You can look at articles, you can look at speech, you can also look at conversations between students, right? What kind of dignity are you offering the other person and how are you validating their perspective? So that’s one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>The second one and I’m not just saying this but I honestly believe this: KQED teach has a whole bunch of mini courses for educators about this very topic. One is how to teach students how to look at the form and how to analyze media and how did look at bias and And how to like share their perspectives, which is great. That’s kind of the back end, the theory behind media literacy. But then they also offer very practical, like, this is how to do video projects in your class. This is how do photo projects in our class. Like you learn the theory and then you apply it and I love it. So those are my two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> We did not pay Kiera to say that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I honestly love it so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> I’ll point to the Center for Digital Thriving out of Harvard, I think, is doing some really path-breaking work around digital well-being specifically, which I think is an increasingly important part of media literacy, is getting students to reflect on the presence of smartphones in their lives and to think critically about it and decide for themselves what purpose it should serve and if it’s serving those purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>And to that end, that research group at the Center for Digital Thriving developed an activity that’s rooted in Harvard’s long-term Project Zero Thinking Routines framework, like real simple pedagogical moves anyone can apply to just about any learning scenario. And they’ve developed one of these called The Value Sort, where you get students to choose from a big board of values which ones kind of represent them, like which ones they hold really dear. And then you can use that as a sort of critical lens to apply to just about anything in the media world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>So their example is using that value sort to get students to think about their usage of smartphones, track like what they’re doing on their smartphones, and then go, hey, remember those values that you hold dear? Like how are those being represented in that activity or not, right? And I think that’s a way of. Of providing students with a really interesting lens to make sure that like what they’re consuming and doing is in standing with what they truly believe and their image of themselves. And I think that’s like, to me that’s a picture of the future of media literacy is this merging of traditional critical thinking skills with values and character-based education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Can we give a round of applause to our panelists?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> That was Tanner Higgin, Kiera Bettes, and Steve Saltwick at the SXSW EDU Conference in Austin, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he was scrolling through social media, Steve Saltwick came across a video of protesting students ripping up the Constitution. “I’m a conservative,” said Saltwick, who works at \u003ca href=\"https://braverangels.org/\">Braver Angels\u003c/a>, a national nonprofit focused on bridging political divides. “The Constitution is a pretty serious document for me. So with righteous indignation, I [reposted] it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the video was fake. “I fell for it immediately,” he admitted. The experience drove home just how easy it is to be misled and how crucial it is to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63681/how-do-you-counter-misinformation-critical-thinking-is-step-one\">think critically about the media we consume\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sxswedu.com/\">2025 SXSW EDU conference\u003c/a>, a panel moderated by MindShift brought together experts on media literacy to discuss what young people and the adults who teach them need now. Panelists included Saltwick, a senior fellow of Braver Angels; \u003ca href=\"https://www.tannerhiggin.com/\">Tanner Higgin\u003c/a>, a senior educational technology researcher at WestEd; and Kiera Beddes, a Utah-based digital teaching and learning specialist. Together, they painted a picture of how media literacy has evolved and how educators can make it a meaningful, integrated part of their teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Media literacy is for everyone\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Media literacy has traditionally been associated with fact-checking and spotting misinformation. But as Higgin pointed out, it has often been framed around fear, particularly in response to the spread of new technology. Sometimes it can seem like setting up fences, he said, about how there is often an emphasis on making sure students can filter information. “We can be less reactive and more proactive in media literacy education,” added Higgin. Today media literacy also includes understanding how identity, community and algorithms shape our experience of information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While media literacy can seem politically charged, its core goals are widely shared. Words like “fake news” or “misinformation” may raise alarms, but “everyone wants kids to be knowledgeable, thoughtful, critical thinkers,” said Higgin. He cited data from \u003ca href=\"https://medialiteracynow.org/nationalsurvey2022/\">Media Literacy Now that said 84%\u003c/a> of surveyed adults believe media literacy should be a required part of school, while a study from the \u003ca href=\"https://newslit.org/news-literacy-in-america/\">News Literacy Project found that 94%\u003c/a> of teens agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite widespread support, many educators feel unsure how to approach the topic, especially in polarized environments. Beddes noted that most teachers don’t have a background in media studies, and discomfort around addressing controversial topics can lead to media literacy being sidelined. \u003ca href=\"https://digitalthriving.gse.harvard.edu/\">The Center for Digital Thriving\u003c/a> offers a possible solution with resources that help educators take a nonpartisan, student-led approach, including classroom-ready lesson plans and teacher training.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Build a Culture of Respectful Conversation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Media literacy isn’t just about analyzing content; it also requires students to discuss what they’re seeing and feeling, especially when they disagree. “What we find is many people are hesitant to share a view, especially a view that might be in the minority in a given group,” said Saltwick. “But with a few simple techniques, you can really get a good dialogue going to make sure all these perspectives are heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saltwick recommended using a clear structure for these conversations. He teaches the LAPP technique — Listen, Acknowledge, Pivot, Perspective — as a way to model respectful disagreement and build trust. “The tenor of the conversation changes dramatically,” he said. “So it’s not a battle of wills: ‘I’m right, you’re wrong.’ It’s ‘let’s understand.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beddes agreed that structure can help students navigate difficult discussions. She provides sentence stems to help them express curiosity and respond without escalating conflict. In her classroom, she also uses the \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/63335c5039fd1568331b8332/t/67b758dd1695b75d62b81307/1740069086806/DI+Card+v2.2.pdf\">Dignity Index\u003c/a>, a tool that evaluates the tone of speech, to help students ground their arguments in mutual respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When media literacy conversations touch on identity, they can be particularly challenging. “False belief systems, conspiracy theories, can fuse to people’s identities now. And that is something that any number of skills can’t unwind,” said Higgin. “That’s why I think media literacy needs to not just be about skills—it needs to be about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54286/how-a-school-prioritizes-character-as-much-as-academics\">character\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62501/want-your-kids-to-be-happier-and-healthier-start-talking-with-them-about-uncomfortable-emotions\">social-emotional learning\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Use Real Media, Not Hypotheticals\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be effective, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63390/ai-images-and-conspiracy-theories-are-driving-a-push-for-media-literacy-education\">media literacy education must engage with the actual media\u003c/a> students encounter in their daily lives. While there are tools that recreate media and try to approximate what a newsfeed would look like, “it can be very challenging to get something that feels authentic,” said Higgin. “We need to increasingly figure out how to manage the privacy and safety and maturity level of kids, but get them as much exposure to the actual media and thinking through the media in authentic environments as possible.” That includes analyzing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62233/how-to-help-your-kids-navigate-social-media-without-getting-lost\">social media platforms\u003c/a> students already use since algorithms often present a partial view of a topic as if it’s the whole truth and may reinforce students’ existing beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To push back against those filters, Saltwick leads an activity called \u003cem>Walk a Mile in My News,\u003c/em> in which students exchange the media they consume, such as a favorite news outlet or influencer, and reflect on the differences in perspective. Exploring news sources outside of their usual echo chambers helps students realize what perspectives might be missing from their own sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beddes offered a similar activity to encourage critical thinking and highlight bias. She shares \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62710/like-it-or-not-kids-hear-the-news-heres-how-teachers-help-them-understand-it\">news articles\u003c/a> from outlets with different political leanings, removes the names of the publications and authors and asks students to guess the source. “It’s helping the students recognize who’s not part of this conversation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, starting small can make the work more sustainable and more impactful. That could mean doing a short “media moment” where students reflect on how a recent viral post relates to what they’re learning in history or science. According to Beddes, resources like The \u003ca href=\"https://newslit.org/educators/sift/\">SIFT newsletter from the News Literacy Project\u003c/a> can support this kind of integration by providing timely examples and analysis of real media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers are often hesitant to take on media literacy because it can feel like another box to check, but Beddes says it doesn’t have to be that way. “Make media the lens through which you teach your subject matter so that it is not just another thing,” she advised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5161212251\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>Welcome to Mind Shift, the podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir. This year, I went to the South by Southwest EDU conference in Austin, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> I moderated a panel all about media literacy and I got to talk to three amazing people who are really thinking about this work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>Hey everybody, I’m Tanner Higgin. I’m a senior educational technology researcher at WestEd which is a large and old education research organization focused on all ages and stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>Hi everyone, my name is Kiera Beddes. I’m a digital teaching and learning specialist in Utah. Been in education for about 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> And my name is Steve Saltwick and I volunteer pretty much full time for an organization called Braver Angels, which is a national nonprofit totally focused on bridging the political divide in all demographic areas because we feel that is essential in strengthening our democratic republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>Together, they brought a lot of insight and heart to that conversation. And today we’re sharing an excerpt of that panel. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> I wanted to start with a question that you all could answer about a moment that made you realize how important media literacy is today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> Right after the mass shooting at the Marjory Stoner Douglas, where several of the students became quite active and well-known on social media. I remember seeing a post on my social feeds of those students ripping up a copy of the Constitution. And I’m a conservative. I mean, the Constitution’s a pretty serious document for me. So with righteous indignation, I posted this thing. And then came to find out from several of my friends who posted saying that’s a fake video and it just absolutely stunned me. So I withdrew, you know, I apologized it withdrew the post You know, and it made me really think my goodness How powerful a video image was of something like that and I fell for it immediately. I realized I needed to be a lot more mature, if you will, I guess in the way I consumed media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I have kind of a similar experience. I was at my nail tech and I was a captive audience because, you know, when you’re there for a couple of hours getting your nails done. And she’d be telling me, “Oh, I saw this thing on TikTok and isn’t that the craziest thing you’ve ever heard?” And I’d be like, “I don’t think that’s real.” And so one-handedly I’d be like hurriedly like googling something on my phone So I could be like this article says that’s not true or or these things also say kind of the opposite and so it was this really kind of aha moment that I had where She was seeing things and her algorithm was telling her things that were not crossing my dashboard And I just realized that like oh if she is is thinking these things and having these conversations in her home, what does that look like in my classroom? What are my kids seeing and what’s impacting them? And I realized the skills of lateral reading, of fact checking, but even going beyond that to say why is it so easy to kind of fall for these things? And so that was my aha moment. I was like, this is important and we need to do more about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>Yeah, it may come at this from a different angle, which is, my academic background is more in the media studies world. And one thing I love about media literacy is that when done well, it sort of unlocks a whole new layer of meaning in the world. The world comes alive once you start to understand audiovisual media and how to interpret it and unpack it. And the different systems for understanding that by looking at the medium itself, right, as part of the architecture of the meaning of something. I had some great intro to film professors who sort of gave me this new media studies and media literacy lens, tapped into the, you know, the whole notion of film language, and it felt like I’d been let into this sort of secret knowledge that exists and can really make meaning everywhere you look once you tap into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Thank you. And I do want to start with asking you a question, Tanner, because you actually brought to my attention when we were first discussing this session that media literacy has transformed throughout time because our world is also changing. Like the technology that we have, even in the past like two years, has grown by leaps and bounds. So can you kind of frame for us the way that media literacy has evolved over time? Maybe even what historical trends have shaped the way that we teach it today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> What I love about media literacy is that it kind of reflects culture at that time, but then shapes it as well. Media literacy education, interestingly, is a whole other thing. And it really grows out of policy. And policy, as I think everyone knows, especially in education, often, needs to get pushed. And it often gets pushed from a standpoint of fear, I would argue, especially media literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> You know, these new technologies pop up and with it you see a new spark and interest in media literacy but it’s often from a feeling of “We need to do something for the children because this new technology is scary and is transforming everything we see.” You know, television to internet, web publishing, eroding the whole idea of authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Whereas traditional literacy, ELA kind of instruction is all about like building bridges, opening up worlds for kids to like see and read the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Media literacy education when it gets operationalized through policy is like setting up fences. Like let’s protect and filter information and let’s make sure kids have that capability—Very, very important, but it cuts off all of the amazing extraordinary aspects of media literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> So that’s kinda been my passion. And the way I sort of think through media history, media literacy history is this battle between what happens in the media studies world and what happens in the Media Literacy Education world. And how maybe we can be less reactive and more proactive in media literacy education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> I want to bring it to Kiera, who I’m so happy to have on this panel, because I feel like when we get up in theories and ideas, you being at school really brings us back down to the rubber meets the road, ‘what does this look like in classrooms?’ So can you maybe talk about some of the challenges that you’re seeing with media literacy in your position in schools?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> The biggest thing that teachers are always gonna say is that they need time. And then also, they say I can’t add one more thing onto my plate. And so the problem with that though is that when we see media literacy as some sort of other, then it gets left by the wayside because they’re gonna focus on their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>Whereas like I try to emphasize with my teachers, media literacy isn’t another thing, it becomes the lens through which you can teach your content. Media literacy, when it’s done well, you’re not just looking at the film or the message or the content of whatever you’re looking at, whatever media that you’re interacting with, but you’re also looking at the form and the choices that were made in production that impact how you, the viewer, you, the consumer, interacts with that media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Thank you, and I’m curious, Steve, if you have anything to add to that, because I know that Braver Angels is in the business of creating containers for better conversations, which I think is a big part of media literacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick: \u003c/strong>What we’re focused on is the idea that everyone has a perspective and a point of view, including the media you consume. We have one program called Walk a Mile in My News. So you take two people who have very different viewpoints, and they actually switch the kinds of media they consume. And then they talk about that. And they realize, well, wait a minute, I’m missing things, because I’m not reading what the other person is reading, and much of this is not that one is right or one is wrong, it’s just to appreciate the fact that others have perspectives that are quite different from you, and if you have ground rules that set the stage for a respectful dialog about that, you can really get to a further appreciation of what the topic is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>I’ve heard of other teachers doing activities where they have their students swap phones and go through each other’s feeds to see what are you seeing? How is it different from what I’m seeing? Kiera, have you seen any activities that have actually been successful in having students realize that what I see is not what everybody sees?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I’ve heard teachers where they will print out articles and they remove all identifying features of the article so that they’re just looking at the language that is used in the article. And based on the word choice, you can kind of see, oh, based on how they’re talking about this topic, you can guess, is it left leaning, is right leaning? And it kind of calls to mind the ultimate promise of media literacy, which is like looking at the form, right? What is the structure and how is it used and what choices are being used. But there’s also perspectives that are noticeably absent and it’s helping the students recognize who’s not part of this conversation. Just being aware of like, oh, there is more to this and how can I go out and find that missing perspective and bring it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> And I want to bring you into this too, Tanner. Are there tech tools or ed tech tools that can kind of foster this idea that, like I might be seeing like a certain thing, but I am aware that there is a bigger story or a bigger narrative out there beyond what I see on my own feeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Since I would say 2016, there’s been a growing sector within ed tech specifically focused on various approaches to what one might call fake news. I’m of two minds about these tools because I think one of the tricky things with media literacy in particular is if the medium is the message. Then you need to engage with the medium to understand it. Tools that recreate media and try and like, especially for younger kids, approximate what a newsfeed would look like. I think it can be very challenging to get something that feels authentic to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>My recommendation is when possible to get kids engaging with the actual media itself. Otherwise, it’s like you’re teaching film studies by having students reading film synopses or something instead of looking at the actual film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>I think we need to increasingly figure out how to manage privacy and safety and maturity level of kids, but get them as much exposure to the actual media and thinking through the media in authentic environments as possible, because that’s what’s actually gonna serve them well when they are. You know, maybe sneaking some usage of things that we otherwise might not approve of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> When you were speaking, my brain snagged on, you mentioned fake news and I think even the words misinformation and disinformation can be kind of like politically coded and can feel a little bit divisive. Media literacy, I think we talked about this too, can be a non-partisan issue. What are some shared concerns that parents and educators across ideological lines can actually come together on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> Yeah, I think particularly at this moment in time, it can feel like in education, there’s no common ground. But media literacy is one of, it has universal support. I think it’s somewhere around, media literacy now did a survey, like 84% of adults think it should be required in classrooms. And when you ask teens, 94% think it should be require in classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>Everyone wants kids to be knowledgeable, thoughtful, critical thinkers. I mean, everyone wants that. It’s at the heart of education, right? Media literacy is at the core of what we want education to do, which is to empower people to be self-determined, to think for themselves, and to explore and engage with the world thoughtfully. There is no debate around whether that’s important or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I would add to that, for the average teacher, they don’t have the background of media studies to then feel comfortable talking about it in their classes. And so it gets put onto the wayside. And so I think it’s interesting that we see this universal need for it. But then the question is, how do we empower teachers to do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> What we find in the classroom, both in secondary schools and university, and really adults as well, is that with a few simple techniques, you can really get a good dialog going to make sure all these perspectives are heard and things like that. I mean, so a couple of just simple ground rules, right, of respectful conversation, especially body language, so no rolling of your eyes, sighing and things that, and just state them is a big deal. And then what we use is a very simple technique called LAPP for listen, acknowledge, pivot and perspective. And really the main thing about all of that is that the speaker needs to feel that they are understood. So when you listen, you’re not listening to frame a reply, you’re listening to understand. In Texas we call it, you listen to understand not reload. You know, and so, and that’s hard work. That’s hard, right? And then the pivot is to actually ask permission before you share your perspective. So someone would say, I hear you. This is what, you know, there’s an element I agree with. At the very least, you can say, it’s clearly an emotional topic for you. And then along, something along the lines of, you know I’ve been doing some reading on this, or I’ve seen some things on this. Would you mind if I share my perspective? And then if the other person says, sure, well then you now have permission to share a differing perspective. And that is handled differently than if the first reply you have is let me tell you my perspective, let me you what the truth is, right? That’s gonna be resisted. We find that as an amazingly powerful technique to use in these discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>It sounds like that process slows down the conversation in a way where it’s not as reactive. And that seems like a really important component of a conversation not kind of devolving into, I don’t know, finger pointing or talking past each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick: \u003c/strong>What we find is many people are hesitant to share a view, especially a view that might be in the minority in a given group, right? And if they feel heard, if someone says what you’re saying is blah, right, whether you agree with blah or not, right. But I now feel heard. Then there’s all sorts of trust that starts being built. There’s all sorts of personalization that starts being built. And the tenor of the conversation changes dramatically. So it’s not a battle of wills. “I’m right, you’re wrong.” It’s “Let’s understand each other” because both of us probably missed something in understanding this complicated thing, whatever it is, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> And I wonder, this is maybe something that Steve, you, and maybe Kiera, you as well, can weigh in on. I do feel like when we get into things that are related to maybe identity, social identity, things that are seen as values or like close to personhood, those can get really, really emotional very fast and they’re kind of unwieldy. It can be hard, I would think as an educator, to facilitate those conversations, and I know it’s really hard to be in those conversations. Do you have any strategies for, it sounds like LAPP could work for something like that. Are there any other things you’ve found that work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> One of my favorites, and it sounds so simple, but having sentence stems available for students… I’ve seen elementary school teachers through middle and high school, when you’re going to have a conversation, and if it’s going to be about a heated topic, you have kind of these sentence starters of like, okay, I see where you’re coming from, or this is my perspective, or. And there’s like a whole list of them. But I think it helps give students a framework for having a conversation, right? And I loved what you said about slowing the conversation down because a lot of what we see online is people share immediately out of strong emotion, right, either anger or fear or whatever the case may be. And so slowing down the reaction and really getting at “why do I react this way? Why am I feeling this way?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick:\u003c/strong> One thing we’ve found with Braver Angels is that the importance of structure, right? So we will have some simple ground rules and there’s also a clear structure to the conversation. You know, here’s what we’re doing, here is how we’re going to do it, you know, here’s some very simple ground roles but it’s not just a free for all of everybody jumping in, talking over one another, all of that. By having ground rules and a structure to the conversation, you create a much open space for people to share their ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>Tanner, was there anything you wanted to add to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> I’m really struck by this notion of identity and values and how it comes into play in the interpretation of media and how we receive it and understand it and what we cling to. And one thing I’ve really been doing a lot of thinking about is like, I picture this as a relatively modern phenomenon, I think spurred by social media and how as a medium, conditions culture in a way, where false beliefs, false belief systems, conspiracy theories, can fuse to people’s identities now. And that is something that any number of skills can’t unwind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>You can teach people in that position all of the media literacy skills in the world and Dana Boyd had a great talk on this, titled, “Did Media Literacy Backfire?” because she was observing how in some of these communities, critical thinking skills get applied. They just go the wrong way. But I believe, I hypothesize, that to untether false belief from identity takes humility. And that is in very short supply in the world of social media. We’re almost conditioned against it. And people with false beliefs that are tethered to their identity, it becomes like their entire world can come crumbling down if they are to take a different view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>And that’s why I think media literacy needs to not just be about skills, it needs to be about character. And social-emotional learning and that I haven’t seen many approaches that really take that seriously. I think there are some but I think a lot more work to be done and there’s a lot of research to be done in maybe proving me correct or half correct or completely false.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/strong>That does make me think of, Kiera, you posed a question when you were answering a question earlier, which was teachers need to be kind of empowered to kind of take on media literacy. And from what Tanner said, it is kind of a tall order. What do you think teachers need to get that work started?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>My answer to this is always to start small, because I don’t want to overwhelm teachers, but I do want to start, right? Find a direction and head in that direction. The resources, The SIFT from the news literacy project, so it’s a newsletter they put out each week. In it, they have rumor guard where they take a viral piece of media and they break down why it went viral and what was true and what is false and kind of helping reinforce those skills. That we want our students to gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>And I think something as simple as a media moment, right? Where a teacher could be a classroom starter, it could be an exit ticket, it could anything that you just have two minutes, three minutes, pop up a piece of media, and this can be anything, right, because text is very broadly based. But then you have your students practice those skills, you’re reinforcing those skills. And as a teacher, you don’t have to have a degree in media analyzes, but you’re helping them break down not only what are they seeing, like what is the content, but you also ask them questions about how it was created and what is meaning behind how it is created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> MindShift is all about solutions. I think it’s easy to get kind of mired in the work that needs to be done. But I’m wondering, for all three of you, if you can share an example of someone who’s doing this work well, whether it’s an organization or an experience that you’ve had where it’s gone really positively. You got one, Steve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steve Saltwick: \u003c/strong>Well, I would say Braver Angels, right? I mean, what a layup, okay, right, but I certainly know one thing that strikes me about Braver Angels. It started in 2016 where a group of Trump voters and a group Hillary voters got very worried about the state of the country and it was all adults, right-typically retired adults and all of that. And then subsequently has branched out to college campuses, high schools, some middle schools. And we do workshops, and I’ve moderated many of those workshops. I’ve probably seen about 100 workshops, and probably 20%, 30% of them have been in the high school and college area. What always strikes me is really unbelievable is the thirst that I see in students to have real conversations about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I have two that came to mind. One is very similar to the work that Braver Angels is doing, so the Dignity Index, they’ve developed this ranking scale of public speech and whether or not it gives dignity to the people that they’re talking about, which is a fascinating way of looking at how we talk about other people, especially people we disagree with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>You can look at articles, you can look at speech, you can also look at conversations between students, right? What kind of dignity are you offering the other person and how are you validating their perspective? So that’s one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes: \u003c/strong>The second one and I’m not just saying this but I honestly believe this: KQED teach has a whole bunch of mini courses for educators about this very topic. One is how to teach students how to look at the form and how to analyze media and how did look at bias and And how to like share their perspectives, which is great. That’s kind of the back end, the theory behind media literacy. But then they also offer very practical, like, this is how to do video projects in your class. This is how do photo projects in our class. Like you learn the theory and then you apply it and I love it. So those are my two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> We did not pay Kiera to say that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kiera Beddes:\u003c/strong> I honestly love it so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin:\u003c/strong> I’ll point to the Center for Digital Thriving out of Harvard, I think, is doing some really path-breaking work around digital well-being specifically, which I think is an increasingly important part of media literacy, is getting students to reflect on the presence of smartphones in their lives and to think critically about it and decide for themselves what purpose it should serve and if it’s serving those purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>And to that end, that research group at the Center for Digital Thriving developed an activity that’s rooted in Harvard’s long-term Project Zero Thinking Routines framework, like real simple pedagogical moves anyone can apply to just about any learning scenario. And they’ve developed one of these called The Value Sort, where you get students to choose from a big board of values which ones kind of represent them, like which ones they hold really dear. And then you can use that as a sort of critical lens to apply to just about anything in the media world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tanner Higgin: \u003c/strong>So their example is using that value sort to get students to think about their usage of smartphones, track like what they’re doing on their smartphones, and then go, hey, remember those values that you hold dear? Like how are those being represented in that activity or not, right? And I think that’s a way of. Of providing students with a really interesting lens to make sure that like what they’re consuming and doing is in standing with what they truly believe and their image of themselves. And I think that’s like, to me that’s a picture of the future of media literacy is this merging of traditional critical thinking skills with values and character-based education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Can we give a round of applause to our panelists?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> That was Tanner Higgin, Kiera Bettes, and Steve Saltwick at the SXSW EDU Conference in Austin, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.minniephan.com/\">Minnie Phan\u003c/a> has been honing her craft for many years, but her journey to becoming an artist meant better understanding herself, her heritage and her family. On the MindShift Podcast, she discussed how the Vietnamese diaspora inspired her to pursue art. She also shares what motivated her to create the book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/735246/simone-by-viet-thanh-nguyen-illustrated-by-minnie-phan/\">Simone\u003c/a>” with Pulitzer-prize winning author \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/735246/simone-by-viet-thanh-nguyen-illustrated-by-minnie-phan/\">Viet Thanh Nguyen\u003c/a>. The book follows a young child who has to evacuate her home because of a wildfire. In the process, she learns about how her mother had to evacuate her home when she lived in Vietnam because of a flood. The book also shares how kids can process displacement and see who is helping them during tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3930425690\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phan also shared some of her favorite books by Vietnamese American authors:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.muonthivan.com/p/wishes.html\">Wishes\u003c/a>,” by Muon Thi Van and Victo Ngai\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29936927-the-best-we-could-do\">The Best We Could Do\u003c/a>,” by Thi Bui\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/602718/the-magic-fish-by-trung-le-nguyen/\">The Magic Fish\u003c/a>,” by Trung Le Nguyen\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250809728/familystyle/\">“Family Style: Memories of an American from Vietnam\u003c/a>,” by Thien Pham\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://threeroomspress.com/product/my-vietnam-your-vietnam-by-christina-vo-and-nghia-m-vo/\">My Vietnam, Your Vietnam\u003c/a>,” by Christina Vo and Nghia M. Vo\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=mindshift_50874 hero=’https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/iStock-696810722-1180×787.jpg’]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung : \u003c/strong>Welcome to the MindShift Podcast where we explore the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Ki Sung. This month marks 50 years since the fall of Saigon, the end of the Vietnam War. And while the Vietnamese-American community here has flourished and grown, their representation in children’s books is catching up with the population. In today’s episode, we’ll hear from children’s book illustrator Minnie Phan, who illustrated the book, Simone. The story of Simone is set in California and brings to life some of the decisions a young girl is forced to make when evacuating her home because of a wildfire. Minnie Phan illustrated the book, but the text of the story was written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Viet Thanh Nguyen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung: \u003c/strong>Minnie Phan, welcome to Mind Shift. Tell us about your book, Simone, and what inspired you to tell this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Hi, it’s so great to be here. I’m thrilled. It’s an honor. And Simone actually came from 2020 during a very intense time for I think everyone across the globe where especially especially in the Bay Area where we had not just the pandemic but the wildfires as well. So as I’m processing and and going through the motions I was leaning into myself as an adult I was leading into what I’ve always which was drawing and painting and writing. And I thought, what are kids doing? And I had a feeling kids were doing the exact same thing. They were drawing and writing and recording, reflecting. And so I wrote a short book about wildfires and this experience of this little girl who is trying to understand the world through her sketchbook. I pitched it to my agent and she said, I love the art, but the story is somewhere, it’s not quite there yet. Do you wanna work with a writer? in, you know, I guess I’ve got guts because I suddenly said, I know a writer and I suggested, I suggested Viet Thanh Nguyen who I met 10 years ago and he’s one of my literary heroes and I was there at the launch of The Sympathizer before it won the Pulitzer and I followed his career for almost a decade over and I just always knew that one day I wanted to work with him. So when this opportunity came up, I said, try to ask Viet. And I remember before any editors or publishers or any contracts, anything happened, Viet got the email from his agent about my project and Viet said, call me. So I call him, I pitch him this wordless storybook, this word less storyboard. And, I swear in that moment, I thought, I bombed, I blew it, he’s never gonna work with me. And then 20 minutes later, I got an email and he said, Okay, let’s go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> Congrats on landing such a big fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>My family’s from a fishing village, so I’ve got it in my bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> Awesome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>So, I often pitch the book as a young girl facing intergenerational… experiences with climate change. But Viet often says, I think it’s more about a young girl and the power of art and how art is used to connect with herself and other people. Because the book is more than just about this terrifying fire that threatens her home. It’s about how she’s able to connect with other people who are going through similar experiences by saying, hey, draw with me, tell me your story. Let’s draw your house. What does it look like? Do you want to go home? What does your home look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung: \u003c/strong>I do love that contrast maybe between the kids’ experience versus the adults because there is one page where adults are using big words that kids may have seen. But this is really about processing events that happen in kids’ lives that may be out of their control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Absolutely, for sure. I mean, I’m thinking about, can I go into my favorite children’s book?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung: \u003c/strong>Absolutely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Okay. I’m think about when I was a kid, I actually did not read very much. My parents are like many Vietnamese immigrants, refugees from Vietnam, specifically central Vietnam. And I remember I didn’t really have very many avenues for for communication, connection, understanding, but there was one book that I remember so clearly. I’m gonna read the title. Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day. And I remember, so clearly, picking up this book and saying, this is how I feel on a really bad day. This is how feel. And it didn’t matter, really, what happened that day, but it was that I could connect and identify what was going on. And that was because of a picture book. You know, my parents and I… We didn’t have a very strong shared language. I moved a lot as a kid in the Bay Area. I was born in Stockton, but went to five elementary schools all over the Bay Area. So I didn’t have a lot of stable connections, but I always had books, drawing, writing, and sketchbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> To be honest, this is inspiring to me because I think there are a lot of educators who do teach students who have struggles communicating with their parents, who maybe are the translator for their family, translating very important documents, who move from place to place, don’t ever really feel settled. So this is really great to hear your reflection on your personal experience and help other kids access that as well through this book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Representation is vital to my work, of course, but really, I think the core of why I do what I do is to connect with my inner child, which I think all of us have within. And I think, the closer you are to your inner child the better you are able to make media and art for children, because you really understand the experience. Being a kid is both joyful and beautiful and exciting and fun, of cause, but I think adults underplay, underappreciate the deep. feelings that children have, the deep ability that children are capable of. Not many people go through growing up in a refugee immigrant family. It’s a lonely experience, and it’s scary. But I did it, and so many millions of other have. And I think that’s also why we need art in the Vietnamese diaspora, because it captures this experience that is truly unique and special. And I could go into my journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung \u003c/strong>: Yeah, let’s hear it. I know you just got back from a big trip to Japan and Korea, is that right? And a few years ago you had also gone to Vietnam. Can you talk about your travels?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Okay, yeah, this is big, we’re gonna get into it. So, I mentioned I’ve moved a lot as a kid, five elementary schools. I actually ended up going to high school in Pleasanton and I struggled a lot in high school. I almost didn’t graduate, I had a terrible GPA and I was just in the wrong crowd. But my art teacher really saw something in me and he believed in me. Shout out to Mr. Doyle at Amateur Valley High, He’s phenomenal. changed my life. He really showed me what art could do and I found passion and meaning and direction and so I applied to art school my senior year and I got a full-ride scholarship to California College of the Arts. And I remember it broke my parents heart. They were so upset they couldn’t believe it even if it was a full- ride scholarship to a private art school. They felt that I was choosing hunger in a way where They did not choose hunger. It was forced upon them. My parents grew up in central Vietnam in a small village in a province called Quang Thi, which I’m so sorry to the Vietnamese people listening. I know my Vietnamese is not good, but that’s okay. But they’re from a small fishing village. And my mother had to drop out of school when she was in third grade. My father, when he was in fifth grade, because they were surviving a famine, war. They’ve lost loved ones. Hunger was not an option. It was a reality. And so when I chose art school, all they could see was she’s choosing a difficult life. But they did not understand at that moment that what I was choosing was to tell our stories, was to heal so many of the intergenerational wounds or at least attempt to heal through a chorus of artists’ voices, the wounds that the Vietnamese diaspora across the globe has. And it has been a beautiful journey. I think my life wouldn’t be what it is if I didn’t go to art school. When I was a junior at CCA, I won a scholarship that was no strings attached money. I could do anything, pay tuition, get art supplies. And I decided to go to Vietnam for the first time by myself. Three weeks, I had no idea what I was doing. I’d never been on a plane alone before and I’d ever been to a rural place, a developing country, I’ve never met so many family members. But I had to, I have to because my parents really just wanted to lift us up economically in a safe place where we didn’t have to worry about. disease, war, et cetera. But I wanted to know, who am I? Who are we? How do we get here? Why are we here? And there’s so many things that we did not learn in school, in high school, et cetera. So I had to really, I think I wanted to be brave and do hard things. And that experience changed my life. I was 21 and I met so many kind relatives. People were so sweet and I saw wealth inequality and poverty at a scale I’d never experienced before. But I also saw love and joy and affection in a way that only a village, a true village could provide. And also, The experience humanized my parents because my parents were so upset about my choice to go to art school. But when I went to Vietnam, I was staying at the home of my parents, my mother’s childhood home, and I suddenly could see, I could suddenly see her little kid feet running through the sand. And I remember this elder came to visit the house and she had lost her sight and she actually had raised my mother when my grandmother had died. And this woman, she lifts her hands and she touches my face and she goes, I know who this is. This is Tay’s daughter. I know her. And so then I suddenly had this opportunity to ask, what was my mother like when she was a girl? What was she like when was little? There were suddenly so many avenues and I needed that healing. And I think I could not make it through or be there at that place if I weren’t an artist, seeing the world through an artist’s lens. I was there to bear witness to the lives of the people around me and also my own life. It really changed me going back to Vietnam. I came back and I think I held a lot more forgiveness and understanding and love for my parents and my family best they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> I know teenage years are hard for everybody, but when you’re able to look at the longer arc of a relationship, those moments of recovery, right, of healing can be so beneficial in the longer term. So I’m glad you had that experience. And the art that you make is also how people can recall and process their experiences. So you’re imprinting your message on to. kids and adults as well when they go through the hardship and think about how to recover from that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan:\u003c/strong> Hmm. Yeah, it’s interesting. Actually, I think the going so thinking about the picture book space as specifically about diversity and representation. I Think the most successful books are the ones that capture The child experience or the experience of an individual in that moment I’ve noticed a few directions in the picturebook Community that’s about diversity or diverse picture books one is the writer healing a trauma, the really specific things that they wish they had seen when they were a kid. And they want this book to exist because it’s important. And it’s like, if this book exists now, my younger child self can have it. And I think there are also other books where it’s specifically about the experience of the kid. I also illustrated a book called The Yellow Aoi with Han Bui. And the Aoi, that’s… Al-Yai. Al-yai. OK. And that book was about another metaphor for intergenerational connection about a young girl who finds her mother’s al-yaj and dances in it and then tears it, and she feels so bad. But an essential part of that book is forgiveness. I think that’s part of the healing that I think kids want to hear, like it’s OK to make mistakes. It’s OK. And so I think those are the stories that I really, really connect with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> Yeah, and breaking something of your parents or tearing something that is always terrifying as a kid. Definitely. Okay, so what books can you recommend that feature Vietnamese American characters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan:\u003c/strong> Oh, there’s so many. I really love the book Wishes. I believe that one’s by Monty. And I also I love, I loved The Best We Could Do by Tee Bui. It’s been my North star. I actually met Tee when she was still working on it and I was there at the launch of her book and it’s just been so beautiful seeing the reception to her graphic novel. And also I feel like we’re in a I’m in a sance right now. I see creative power, cultural power, building in the Vietnamese community. And I love it, I love. And Viet talks about this often, narrative plentitude, for us to have many, many voices and to eventually go beyond the pain and trauma of war, which of course is vital and important and must be honored. But for us, to move forward as individuals and as a community, we have to see beyond the heartache, the pain and see the potential, the joy, the future. And so much of our future is in our young people who get to have so many opportunities that we and our parents didn’t get to have, but they get right this second. Any other books you want to recommend? Yeah. Oh, let’s see. There’s the Magic Fish, which is about coming out and being queer. There’s Family Style about food. Oh, there’s a great, really interesting book called My Vietnam, Your Vietnam by Christina Vo, or Vo. And it’s It’s told, this is actually maybe more of an adult book, but it’s her perspective of living in Vietnam and her father’s experience of living in Vietnam. So it’s both of their experiences living abroad and the book eventually converges in the center where they meet. It’s very interesting. It’s like a dual memoir. Oh, you know what? I wanna give a big shout out. I wanna to give a shout out UN, UNFAM, UNfam. So when I graduated art school, I was brand new to the field. I had no examples of Vietnamese people in the arts. And I was browsing spectator books in Oakland one day and I picked up this book and I just loved the art. It was watercolors. It was playful. It was cute. And it was just so good. I believe it was Vampirina Ballerina. but I picked it up and I suddenly saw the name and it was a Vietnamese name, the last name Pham. And it was such a beautiful, inspiring moment where I remember saying, if she can do it, I can do. And actually I had this beautiful full circle moment where I was on stage with her last year at the Viet Book Fest, presented by Vala. And I got to tell her the story and it was just beautiful that she was a trailblazer. She’s a Vietnamese American illustrator and writer making it happen. If my 18 year old self could see her and just know that even though my community has no idea what I’m pursuing, it is possible. I can be an artist. And I hope whoever’s listening to this, it really does not give up telling their story, making art, being creative. And if you see your little, if you your little making art and being creative, let that flourish. It’s gonna show up in so many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung\u003c/strong>: Those are great recommendations. I hope that more kids and parents read those books. I hope they see themselves in the stories and also embody what gives them joy. And at every age, art is that, and it can unlock so many other experiences, much like what you have learned throughout your career. So thank you, Minnie Phan, for being here with us on Mind Shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Thank you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung\u003c/strong>: Minnie Phan is a children’s book illustrator who recently published Simone with Viet Thanh Nguyen, and she’s a writer and artist based in Oakland. We’ll bring you more ideas and innovations from experts in education and beyond. Hit follow on your favorite podcast app so you don’t miss a thing. The MindShift team includes me, Ki Sung, Nima Gobier, Marlena Jackson-Retondo, and Marnette Federis. Our editor is Chris Hamburg. Seth Samuel is our sound designer. Additional support from Jen Chien, Katie Springer, Maha Sanad, and Holly Kernan. MindShift is supported in part by the generosity of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and members of KQED. Thank you so much for listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.minniephan.com/\">Minnie Phan\u003c/a> has been honing her craft for many years, but her journey to becoming an artist meant better understanding herself, her heritage and her family. On the MindShift Podcast, she discussed how the Vietnamese diaspora inspired her to pursue art. She also shares what motivated her to create the book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/735246/simone-by-viet-thanh-nguyen-illustrated-by-minnie-phan/\">Simone\u003c/a>” with Pulitzer-prize winning author \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/735246/simone-by-viet-thanh-nguyen-illustrated-by-minnie-phan/\">Viet Thanh Nguyen\u003c/a>. The book follows a young child who has to evacuate her home because of a wildfire. In the process, she learns about how her mother had to evacuate her home when she lived in Vietnam because of a flood. The book also shares how kids can process displacement and see who is helping them during tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3930425690\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phan also shared some of her favorite books by Vietnamese American authors:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.muonthivan.com/p/wishes.html\">Wishes\u003c/a>,” by Muon Thi Van and Victo Ngai\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung : \u003c/strong>Welcome to the MindShift Podcast where we explore the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Ki Sung. This month marks 50 years since the fall of Saigon, the end of the Vietnam War. And while the Vietnamese-American community here has flourished and grown, their representation in children’s books is catching up with the population. In today’s episode, we’ll hear from children’s book illustrator Minnie Phan, who illustrated the book, Simone. The story of Simone is set in California and brings to life some of the decisions a young girl is forced to make when evacuating her home because of a wildfire. Minnie Phan illustrated the book, but the text of the story was written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Viet Thanh Nguyen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung: \u003c/strong>Minnie Phan, welcome to Mind Shift. Tell us about your book, Simone, and what inspired you to tell this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Hi, it’s so great to be here. I’m thrilled. It’s an honor. And Simone actually came from 2020 during a very intense time for I think everyone across the globe where especially especially in the Bay Area where we had not just the pandemic but the wildfires as well. So as I’m processing and and going through the motions I was leaning into myself as an adult I was leading into what I’ve always which was drawing and painting and writing. And I thought, what are kids doing? And I had a feeling kids were doing the exact same thing. They were drawing and writing and recording, reflecting. And so I wrote a short book about wildfires and this experience of this little girl who is trying to understand the world through her sketchbook. I pitched it to my agent and she said, I love the art, but the story is somewhere, it’s not quite there yet. Do you wanna work with a writer? in, you know, I guess I’ve got guts because I suddenly said, I know a writer and I suggested, I suggested Viet Thanh Nguyen who I met 10 years ago and he’s one of my literary heroes and I was there at the launch of The Sympathizer before it won the Pulitzer and I followed his career for almost a decade over and I just always knew that one day I wanted to work with him. So when this opportunity came up, I said, try to ask Viet. And I remember before any editors or publishers or any contracts, anything happened, Viet got the email from his agent about my project and Viet said, call me. So I call him, I pitch him this wordless storybook, this word less storyboard. And, I swear in that moment, I thought, I bombed, I blew it, he’s never gonna work with me. And then 20 minutes later, I got an email and he said, Okay, let’s go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> Congrats on landing such a big fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>My family’s from a fishing village, so I’ve got it in my bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> Awesome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>So, I often pitch the book as a young girl facing intergenerational… experiences with climate change. But Viet often says, I think it’s more about a young girl and the power of art and how art is used to connect with herself and other people. Because the book is more than just about this terrifying fire that threatens her home. It’s about how she’s able to connect with other people who are going through similar experiences by saying, hey, draw with me, tell me your story. Let’s draw your house. What does it look like? Do you want to go home? What does your home look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung: \u003c/strong>I do love that contrast maybe between the kids’ experience versus the adults because there is one page where adults are using big words that kids may have seen. But this is really about processing events that happen in kids’ lives that may be out of their control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Absolutely, for sure. I mean, I’m thinking about, can I go into my favorite children’s book?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung: \u003c/strong>Absolutely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Okay. I’m think about when I was a kid, I actually did not read very much. My parents are like many Vietnamese immigrants, refugees from Vietnam, specifically central Vietnam. And I remember I didn’t really have very many avenues for for communication, connection, understanding, but there was one book that I remember so clearly. I’m gonna read the title. Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day. And I remember, so clearly, picking up this book and saying, this is how I feel on a really bad day. This is how feel. And it didn’t matter, really, what happened that day, but it was that I could connect and identify what was going on. And that was because of a picture book. You know, my parents and I… We didn’t have a very strong shared language. I moved a lot as a kid in the Bay Area. I was born in Stockton, but went to five elementary schools all over the Bay Area. So I didn’t have a lot of stable connections, but I always had books, drawing, writing, and sketchbooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> To be honest, this is inspiring to me because I think there are a lot of educators who do teach students who have struggles communicating with their parents, who maybe are the translator for their family, translating very important documents, who move from place to place, don’t ever really feel settled. So this is really great to hear your reflection on your personal experience and help other kids access that as well through this book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Absolutely. Representation is vital to my work, of course, but really, I think the core of why I do what I do is to connect with my inner child, which I think all of us have within. And I think, the closer you are to your inner child the better you are able to make media and art for children, because you really understand the experience. Being a kid is both joyful and beautiful and exciting and fun, of cause, but I think adults underplay, underappreciate the deep. feelings that children have, the deep ability that children are capable of. Not many people go through growing up in a refugee immigrant family. It’s a lonely experience, and it’s scary. But I did it, and so many millions of other have. And I think that’s also why we need art in the Vietnamese diaspora, because it captures this experience that is truly unique and special. And I could go into my journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung \u003c/strong>: Yeah, let’s hear it. I know you just got back from a big trip to Japan and Korea, is that right? And a few years ago you had also gone to Vietnam. Can you talk about your travels?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Okay, yeah, this is big, we’re gonna get into it. So, I mentioned I’ve moved a lot as a kid, five elementary schools. I actually ended up going to high school in Pleasanton and I struggled a lot in high school. I almost didn’t graduate, I had a terrible GPA and I was just in the wrong crowd. But my art teacher really saw something in me and he believed in me. Shout out to Mr. Doyle at Amateur Valley High, He’s phenomenal. changed my life. He really showed me what art could do and I found passion and meaning and direction and so I applied to art school my senior year and I got a full-ride scholarship to California College of the Arts. And I remember it broke my parents heart. They were so upset they couldn’t believe it even if it was a full- ride scholarship to a private art school. They felt that I was choosing hunger in a way where They did not choose hunger. It was forced upon them. My parents grew up in central Vietnam in a small village in a province called Quang Thi, which I’m so sorry to the Vietnamese people listening. I know my Vietnamese is not good, but that’s okay. But they’re from a small fishing village. And my mother had to drop out of school when she was in third grade. My father, when he was in fifth grade, because they were surviving a famine, war. They’ve lost loved ones. Hunger was not an option. It was a reality. And so when I chose art school, all they could see was she’s choosing a difficult life. But they did not understand at that moment that what I was choosing was to tell our stories, was to heal so many of the intergenerational wounds or at least attempt to heal through a chorus of artists’ voices, the wounds that the Vietnamese diaspora across the globe has. And it has been a beautiful journey. I think my life wouldn’t be what it is if I didn’t go to art school. When I was a junior at CCA, I won a scholarship that was no strings attached money. I could do anything, pay tuition, get art supplies. And I decided to go to Vietnam for the first time by myself. Three weeks, I had no idea what I was doing. I’d never been on a plane alone before and I’d ever been to a rural place, a developing country, I’ve never met so many family members. But I had to, I have to because my parents really just wanted to lift us up economically in a safe place where we didn’t have to worry about. disease, war, et cetera. But I wanted to know, who am I? Who are we? How do we get here? Why are we here? And there’s so many things that we did not learn in school, in high school, et cetera. So I had to really, I think I wanted to be brave and do hard things. And that experience changed my life. I was 21 and I met so many kind relatives. People were so sweet and I saw wealth inequality and poverty at a scale I’d never experienced before. But I also saw love and joy and affection in a way that only a village, a true village could provide. And also, The experience humanized my parents because my parents were so upset about my choice to go to art school. But when I went to Vietnam, I was staying at the home of my parents, my mother’s childhood home, and I suddenly could see, I could suddenly see her little kid feet running through the sand. And I remember this elder came to visit the house and she had lost her sight and she actually had raised my mother when my grandmother had died. And this woman, she lifts her hands and she touches my face and she goes, I know who this is. This is Tay’s daughter. I know her. And so then I suddenly had this opportunity to ask, what was my mother like when she was a girl? What was she like when was little? There were suddenly so many avenues and I needed that healing. And I think I could not make it through or be there at that place if I weren’t an artist, seeing the world through an artist’s lens. I was there to bear witness to the lives of the people around me and also my own life. It really changed me going back to Vietnam. I came back and I think I held a lot more forgiveness and understanding and love for my parents and my family best they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> I know teenage years are hard for everybody, but when you’re able to look at the longer arc of a relationship, those moments of recovery, right, of healing can be so beneficial in the longer term. So I’m glad you had that experience. And the art that you make is also how people can recall and process their experiences. So you’re imprinting your message on to. kids and adults as well when they go through the hardship and think about how to recover from that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan:\u003c/strong> Hmm. Yeah, it’s interesting. Actually, I think the going so thinking about the picture book space as specifically about diversity and representation. I Think the most successful books are the ones that capture The child experience or the experience of an individual in that moment I’ve noticed a few directions in the picturebook Community that’s about diversity or diverse picture books one is the writer healing a trauma, the really specific things that they wish they had seen when they were a kid. And they want this book to exist because it’s important. And it’s like, if this book exists now, my younger child self can have it. And I think there are also other books where it’s specifically about the experience of the kid. I also illustrated a book called The Yellow Aoi with Han Bui. And the Aoi, that’s… Al-Yai. Al-yai. OK. And that book was about another metaphor for intergenerational connection about a young girl who finds her mother’s al-yaj and dances in it and then tears it, and she feels so bad. But an essential part of that book is forgiveness. I think that’s part of the healing that I think kids want to hear, like it’s OK to make mistakes. It’s OK. And so I think those are the stories that I really, really connect with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung:\u003c/strong> Yeah, and breaking something of your parents or tearing something that is always terrifying as a kid. Definitely. Okay, so what books can you recommend that feature Vietnamese American characters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan:\u003c/strong> Oh, there’s so many. I really love the book Wishes. I believe that one’s by Monty. And I also I love, I loved The Best We Could Do by Tee Bui. It’s been my North star. I actually met Tee when she was still working on it and I was there at the launch of her book and it’s just been so beautiful seeing the reception to her graphic novel. And also I feel like we’re in a I’m in a sance right now. I see creative power, cultural power, building in the Vietnamese community. And I love it, I love. And Viet talks about this often, narrative plentitude, for us to have many, many voices and to eventually go beyond the pain and trauma of war, which of course is vital and important and must be honored. But for us, to move forward as individuals and as a community, we have to see beyond the heartache, the pain and see the potential, the joy, the future. And so much of our future is in our young people who get to have so many opportunities that we and our parents didn’t get to have, but they get right this second. Any other books you want to recommend? Yeah. Oh, let’s see. There’s the Magic Fish, which is about coming out and being queer. There’s Family Style about food. Oh, there’s a great, really interesting book called My Vietnam, Your Vietnam by Christina Vo, or Vo. And it’s It’s told, this is actually maybe more of an adult book, but it’s her perspective of living in Vietnam and her father’s experience of living in Vietnam. So it’s both of their experiences living abroad and the book eventually converges in the center where they meet. It’s very interesting. It’s like a dual memoir. Oh, you know what? I wanna give a big shout out. I wanna to give a shout out UN, UNFAM, UNfam. So when I graduated art school, I was brand new to the field. I had no examples of Vietnamese people in the arts. And I was browsing spectator books in Oakland one day and I picked up this book and I just loved the art. It was watercolors. It was playful. It was cute. And it was just so good. I believe it was Vampirina Ballerina. but I picked it up and I suddenly saw the name and it was a Vietnamese name, the last name Pham. And it was such a beautiful, inspiring moment where I remember saying, if she can do it, I can do. And actually I had this beautiful full circle moment where I was on stage with her last year at the Viet Book Fest, presented by Vala. And I got to tell her the story and it was just beautiful that she was a trailblazer. She’s a Vietnamese American illustrator and writer making it happen. If my 18 year old self could see her and just know that even though my community has no idea what I’m pursuing, it is possible. I can be an artist. And I hope whoever’s listening to this, it really does not give up telling their story, making art, being creative. And if you see your little, if you your little making art and being creative, let that flourish. It’s gonna show up in so many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung\u003c/strong>: Those are great recommendations. I hope that more kids and parents read those books. I hope they see themselves in the stories and also embody what gives them joy. And at every age, art is that, and it can unlock so many other experiences, much like what you have learned throughout your career. So thank you, Minnie Phan, for being here with us on Mind Shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minnie Phan: \u003c/strong>Thank you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ki Sung\u003c/strong>: Minnie Phan is a children’s book illustrator who recently published Simone with Viet Thanh Nguyen, and she’s a writer and artist based in Oakland. We’ll bring you more ideas and innovations from experts in education and beyond. Hit follow on your favorite podcast app so you don’t miss a thing. The MindShift team includes me, Ki Sung, Nima Gobier, Marlena Jackson-Retondo, and Marnette Federis. Our editor is Chris Hamburg. Seth Samuel is our sound designer. Additional support from Jen Chien, Katie Springer, Maha Sanad, and Holly Kernan. MindShift is supported in part by the generosity of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and members of KQED. Thank you so much for listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003cem>View the full episode transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an age where screens dominate classrooms and workplaces, handwriting might seem like a relic of the past. But research shows that putting pen to paper plays a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63759/why-writing-by-hand-beats-typing-for-thinking-and-learning\">crucial role in literacy development.\u003c/a> “I can’t talk about handwriting without talking about reading and spelling—they’re integrated. In our brains, the networks are connected,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.lexiconreadingcenter.org/prof-nancy-cushen-white/\">Dr. Nancy Cushen White\u003c/a>, a language therapist and educator who has worked with students of all ages, including adults, to develop writing skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Handwriting is more than just a motor skill, White explained. Research shows writing by hand leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001691804001167\">better recognition and understanding of letters\u003c/a>. It also improves \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8222525/\">memory and recall of words\u003c/a>. “Writing is deeply connected to language networks,” she said. “Once students learn to write letters, if they see one of those letters in print, the same part of the brain that functions when they are writing is activated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/65130/writing-notes-instead-of-typing-research-pits-scholars-against-each-other\">typing is valuable\u003c/a>, it does not provide the same cognitive benefits for young children. In other words, when students put pen to paper, they aren’t just learning to write—they’re training their brains to read, spell, and retain information more effectively. White offered guidance on maximizing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936366/the-joys-and-benefits-of-handwriting-and-how-to-keep-it-alive-in-schools\">handwriting’s benefits\u003c/a>, including whether to prioritize cursive, the importance of developing automaticity and ensuring handwriting remains a functional literacy skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Cursive vs. manuscript\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://kqed.org/mindshift/46509/why-are-we-so-obsessed-with-teaching-kids-cursive-handwriting\">cursive instruction\u003c/a> fades from many classrooms, educators may wonder: do today’s kids really need it? White said both cursive and manuscript—writing unconnected letters—have advantages. “There’s no research that says manuscript or cursive is best for everyone at all times,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the main advantages of manuscript is that students encounter these letters in books. “Studies show that spending two years learning manuscript writing strengthens letter recognition and helps make writing automatic,” White explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, cursive can be faster. “You don’t have to pick up your pencil every time,” White said. She also noted that students who learn to write and recognize cursive are better equipped to read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/64572/humanizing-history-by-learning-with-primary-sources\">historical documents and primary sources\u003c/a>, such as the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution. Some students struggle with cursive, while others find it a welcome alternative. “For older kids who never developed legible manuscript writing but recognize letters, cursive can feel like a fresh start,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Developing automaticity\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whether students learn manuscript or cursive, White stressed the importance of practicing until they \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204270/\">no longer have to think about forming letters\u003c/a>, which is when automaticity is gained. “Handwriting is only functional if it’s automatic. That happens when students make each letter the same way every time,” she said. There are multiple correct ways to form letters, but consistency is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White compared it to learning to ride a bike. “You’re not thinking about where to put your feet or hands,” she said. “If you were learning to ride a bicycle, but every day it was a different bicycle and things were in a slightly different place, you’d still be falling off and skinning your knee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers can help students of all ages by demonstrating letter formation on a large sheet of paper or a whiteboard while verbalizing the process using words like curve, slant, separate, cross, and connecting stroke. This multimodal approach helps students see and hear how letters are made. White also encourages students to verbalize the steps themselves while writing to reinforce the connection between movement and letter formation. “Once the movement is automatic, then they can concentrate on the other pieces,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Writing Words and Phrases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mastering individual letters is important, but White emphasized that students should quickly move on to writing words and phrases. “If students only memorize how to write separate letters, it doesn’t integrate with spelling and reading skills,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommended introducing a small group of letters and having students practice reading and writing words using them. White recommends teachers avoid asking students to spell words containing letters they haven’t learned to write. This approach helps students recognize orthographic patterns—common letter groupings in English. “If children are drawing each letter as a separate entity every time, they’re not going to get that benefit,” White said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although handwriting instruction may seem slow or outdated, White believes it empowers students. She recalled a student named Sasha who was excited to write his name on a birthday card for his father. When he wrote an “S” backwards, he wasn’t discouraged. Instead, he corrected himself with confidence. “He put his hand on his mom’s shoulder and said, ‘Mom, don’t worry. I made a mistake. I know how to fix it,’” White recounted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC4395556198\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Welcome to MindShift, the podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> These days, it feels like everyone is looking for the next big innovation in education. Schools are adopting one-to-one technology programs, where every student has a tablet or laptop. New programs promise to solve every learning challenge you can think of. But in all of this excitement, are we forgetting the basics?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> When was the last time you thought about writing by hand? If you’re an elementary school or TK teacher, the answer is probably all the time—maybe even in your sleep. But for many of us in a digital world, handwriting is becoming an afterthought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> That’s a big mistake, according to Dr. Nancy Cushen White, an educator and language therapist. She says handwriting isn’t just about writing letters—it’s a powerful tool for literacy learning. And just because adults don’t think much about writing by hand doesn’t mean kids don’t love it—or benefit from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Stick around to hear more from Nancy about strategies for teaching handwriting and whether cursive is on its way out, Stay tuned!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Nancy Cushen White has spent decades trying to figure out how to teach kids to read and process language in a way that sticks. But that journey started with real challenges—challenges that she didn’t even see coming at first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> My first full year of teaching, I was assigned to an elementary school in San Francisco, and it was a General Ed fourth grade class, and there were 37 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Right away, she realized some skills were missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There were a few kids who could read, but that was not the norm. That was the exception, and I didn’t know enough then to even realize what a serious problem I had on my hands. I just thought well I have credentials in three states. I’ll do everything I learned and I’ll take care of this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> I tried everything I’d been taught. It didn’t take very long, and it didn’t work very well. And so. That began my quest for finding something that would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> She discovered that handwriting is an essential part of learning language. Writing by hand strengthens letter recognition and supports memory and recall—especially when taught alongside reading and spelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> All language skills are connected. So handwriting isn’t in a separate part of the brain from reading or spelling. And obviously handwriting involves motor skills, but it’s much more than a motor skill. It’s very connected to language\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Students are typically taught two types of handwriting in school: manuscript, where letters are distinct and unconnected, and cursive, where letters flow together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There are so the advantages to manuscript one being the print or the manuscript is more like what they read in books. So when they are learning to write the letters, they’re learning to write the letters that they’re seeing in books that they’re reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There are studies that show that students who have learned manuscript print letters, once they’ve learned to write those letters, if they see one of those letters in print, whether they’re writing it or not, the part of the brain that is that functions when they are writing is activated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Cursive, on the other hand, has its own perks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> Cursive can be faster. You don’t have to pick up your pencil every time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> I don’t know if it’s because of what happened to them when they were trying to learn it in school, but there are people who really hate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> For those who struggled with cursive, there’s good news—it’s falling out of use. Some students today can’t read cursive at all. There is actually this joke that adults of a certain generation can use cursive to write secret messages to each other that kids can’t read. But jokes aside, there are real implications. While students who can’t read cursive are still literate, they might struggle to read historical documents like the U.S. Constitution or the Declaration of Independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> It is not proven that either manuscript or cursive writing is best. What does matter is that students get so much practice writing that they don’t have to think about forming letters. So, how can teachers ensure handwriting becomes second nature?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> It’s going to become automatic if they make each letter the same way every time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There are many correct ways to form, both manuscript and cursive letters. Think of all the font. But children need to be taught one way that they practice automaticity. Then they don’t have to think about how to make the letter. That becomes automatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> When students write letters the same way many times, it becomes muscle memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> If you were taking notes right now, you would be thinking about what I’m saying. You might be thinking about how to spell some words, but you wouldn’t be thinking about how to form the letters because it’s automatic. Your brain knows that. it’s like jumping on a bicycle and heading off. You’re not thinking where you’re putting your feet or where you’re putting your hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> If you were learning to ride a bicycle but every day it was a different bicycle and things were in a slightly different place? You’d still be falling off and skinning your knee, or at least I would be, yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> One of the best ways to teach handwriting is through modeling. Nancy talks about what she is doing as she writes a new letter. This makes it a multimodal learning experience for students because they are able to see her make the letter on a big piece of paper or a whiteboard and hear her talk about it. Take a lower case, cursive letter “L”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> Starts on the baseline, curves up two spaces, curves back slightly, and then slant down, crossing on the midline, down almost to the baseline and up for a connecting stroke, L. And then I might do that again. And then I ask another student in the class, tell me how to make an L.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> You want them to use those words to guide themselves as long as they need to and to have the same words. So curve, slant, separate, cross, connecting stroke, using the same words for all the letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> But it’s not memorizing it. It’s really connecting it to that movement. And then once the movement is automatic, then they can concentrate on the other pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> But simply copying letters over and over isn’t enough. Students need to write words, phrases, and sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> I think sometimes when it’s taught just as the motor skill, it misses that connection because it is a language skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> In situations where a student gets tutoring just for handwriting and they learn all the letters, they can write all the letters, but they’re not using it functionally. They’re not writing words or phrases. So they’ve memorized something, but it’s not connected to something functional. And that’s a really important piece. And so most of the research supports teaching it as part of that literacy network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> In a lesson, teach it slowly in a sequence and then have children reading and writing the words with those letters. You don’t ask them to spell anything that they can’t write the letters for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> As students learn to write the letters in the words they’re spelling, they begin to recognize common letter patterns and structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Today, kids are using computers earlier than ever, which means they may be missing out on handwriting’s cognitive benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> When you’re typing, just pushing the keys, you’re not getting the kind of motor feedback. There’s not a unique sequence of movements for forming each letter when you’re hitting the key on the keyboard as when you’re writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Because writing is so embodied, you are able to make memory associations with what you’re seeing and hearing. Yes, writing by hand is slower, but that’s actually a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> Because I have to think about what I’m gonna write because I don’t have time to write everything, I actually have to pay attention to the content. I have to decide what is the most important thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Handwriting may not sound exciting, but kids love it. There’s something powerful about learning to write—even if it’s just your own name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong>There was a little first grader and his name was Sasha. And his mom wrote us a note about halfway through, and she said his father’s birthday had occurred, and he was writing his name. And he wrote one of the Ss backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> And he put his hand on his mom’s shoulder. He said, “mom, don’t worry. I made a mistake. I know how to fix it.” And he put around the backwards S, and he wrote a regular S the way he needed to, and he was perfectly fine. She said, if that had happened a month before that, he would have had a complete meltdown, and thrown the card on the floor, and that would have been the end of it. But just accepting, well, I’m gonna make a mistake every once in a while, but I know how to fix it. You just put brackets, that means I made a mistake, I know how to fix it, and you keep on going.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003cem>View the full episode transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an age where screens dominate classrooms and workplaces, handwriting might seem like a relic of the past. But research shows that putting pen to paper plays a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63759/why-writing-by-hand-beats-typing-for-thinking-and-learning\">crucial role in literacy development.\u003c/a> “I can’t talk about handwriting without talking about reading and spelling—they’re integrated. In our brains, the networks are connected,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.lexiconreadingcenter.org/prof-nancy-cushen-white/\">Dr. Nancy Cushen White\u003c/a>, a language therapist and educator who has worked with students of all ages, including adults, to develop writing skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Handwriting is more than just a motor skill, White explained. Research shows writing by hand leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001691804001167\">better recognition and understanding of letters\u003c/a>. It also improves \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8222525/\">memory and recall of words\u003c/a>. “Writing is deeply connected to language networks,” she said. “Once students learn to write letters, if they see one of those letters in print, the same part of the brain that functions when they are writing is activated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/65130/writing-notes-instead-of-typing-research-pits-scholars-against-each-other\">typing is valuable\u003c/a>, it does not provide the same cognitive benefits for young children. In other words, when students put pen to paper, they aren’t just learning to write—they’re training their brains to read, spell, and retain information more effectively. White offered guidance on maximizing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936366/the-joys-and-benefits-of-handwriting-and-how-to-keep-it-alive-in-schools\">handwriting’s benefits\u003c/a>, including whether to prioritize cursive, the importance of developing automaticity and ensuring handwriting remains a functional literacy skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Cursive vs. manuscript\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://kqed.org/mindshift/46509/why-are-we-so-obsessed-with-teaching-kids-cursive-handwriting\">cursive instruction\u003c/a> fades from many classrooms, educators may wonder: do today’s kids really need it? White said both cursive and manuscript—writing unconnected letters—have advantages. “There’s no research that says manuscript or cursive is best for everyone at all times,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the main advantages of manuscript is that students encounter these letters in books. “Studies show that spending two years learning manuscript writing strengthens letter recognition and helps make writing automatic,” White explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, cursive can be faster. “You don’t have to pick up your pencil every time,” White said. She also noted that students who learn to write and recognize cursive are better equipped to read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/64572/humanizing-history-by-learning-with-primary-sources\">historical documents and primary sources\u003c/a>, such as the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution. Some students struggle with cursive, while others find it a welcome alternative. “For older kids who never developed legible manuscript writing but recognize letters, cursive can feel like a fresh start,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Developing automaticity\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whether students learn manuscript or cursive, White stressed the importance of practicing until they \u003ca href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204270/\">no longer have to think about forming letters\u003c/a>, which is when automaticity is gained. “Handwriting is only functional if it’s automatic. That happens when students make each letter the same way every time,” she said. There are multiple correct ways to form letters, but consistency is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White compared it to learning to ride a bike. “You’re not thinking about where to put your feet or hands,” she said. “If you were learning to ride a bicycle, but every day it was a different bicycle and things were in a slightly different place, you’d still be falling off and skinning your knee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers can help students of all ages by demonstrating letter formation on a large sheet of paper or a whiteboard while verbalizing the process using words like curve, slant, separate, cross, and connecting stroke. This multimodal approach helps students see and hear how letters are made. White also encourages students to verbalize the steps themselves while writing to reinforce the connection between movement and letter formation. “Once the movement is automatic, then they can concentrate on the other pieces,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Writing Words and Phrases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mastering individual letters is important, but White emphasized that students should quickly move on to writing words and phrases. “If students only memorize how to write separate letters, it doesn’t integrate with spelling and reading skills,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommended introducing a small group of letters and having students practice reading and writing words using them. White recommends teachers avoid asking students to spell words containing letters they haven’t learned to write. This approach helps students recognize orthographic patterns—common letter groupings in English. “If children are drawing each letter as a separate entity every time, they’re not going to get that benefit,” White said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although handwriting instruction may seem slow or outdated, White believes it empowers students. She recalled a student named Sasha who was excited to write his name on a birthday card for his father. When he wrote an “S” backwards, he wasn’t discouraged. Instead, he corrected himself with confidence. “He put his hand on his mom’s shoulder and said, ‘Mom, don’t worry. I made a mistake. I know how to fix it,’” White recounted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC4395556198\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Welcome to MindShift, the podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> These days, it feels like everyone is looking for the next big innovation in education. Schools are adopting one-to-one technology programs, where every student has a tablet or laptop. New programs promise to solve every learning challenge you can think of. But in all of this excitement, are we forgetting the basics?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> When was the last time you thought about writing by hand? If you’re an elementary school or TK teacher, the answer is probably all the time—maybe even in your sleep. But for many of us in a digital world, handwriting is becoming an afterthought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> That’s a big mistake, according to Dr. Nancy Cushen White, an educator and language therapist. She says handwriting isn’t just about writing letters—it’s a powerful tool for literacy learning. And just because adults don’t think much about writing by hand doesn’t mean kids don’t love it—or benefit from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Stick around to hear more from Nancy about strategies for teaching handwriting and whether cursive is on its way out, Stay tuned!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Nancy Cushen White has spent decades trying to figure out how to teach kids to read and process language in a way that sticks. But that journey started with real challenges—challenges that she didn’t even see coming at first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> My first full year of teaching, I was assigned to an elementary school in San Francisco, and it was a General Ed fourth grade class, and there were 37 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Right away, she realized some skills were missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There were a few kids who could read, but that was not the norm. That was the exception, and I didn’t know enough then to even realize what a serious problem I had on my hands. I just thought well I have credentials in three states. I’ll do everything I learned and I’ll take care of this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> I tried everything I’d been taught. It didn’t take very long, and it didn’t work very well. And so. That began my quest for finding something that would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> She discovered that handwriting is an essential part of learning language. Writing by hand strengthens letter recognition and supports memory and recall—especially when taught alongside reading and spelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> All language skills are connected. So handwriting isn’t in a separate part of the brain from reading or spelling. And obviously handwriting involves motor skills, but it’s much more than a motor skill. It’s very connected to language\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Students are typically taught two types of handwriting in school: manuscript, where letters are distinct and unconnected, and cursive, where letters flow together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There are so the advantages to manuscript one being the print or the manuscript is more like what they read in books. So when they are learning to write the letters, they’re learning to write the letters that they’re seeing in books that they’re reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There are studies that show that students who have learned manuscript print letters, once they’ve learned to write those letters, if they see one of those letters in print, whether they’re writing it or not, the part of the brain that is that functions when they are writing is activated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Cursive, on the other hand, has its own perks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> Cursive can be faster. You don’t have to pick up your pencil every time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> I don’t know if it’s because of what happened to them when they were trying to learn it in school, but there are people who really hate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> For those who struggled with cursive, there’s good news—it’s falling out of use. Some students today can’t read cursive at all. There is actually this joke that adults of a certain generation can use cursive to write secret messages to each other that kids can’t read. But jokes aside, there are real implications. While students who can’t read cursive are still literate, they might struggle to read historical documents like the U.S. Constitution or the Declaration of Independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> It is not proven that either manuscript or cursive writing is best. What does matter is that students get so much practice writing that they don’t have to think about forming letters. So, how can teachers ensure handwriting becomes second nature?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> It’s going to become automatic if they make each letter the same way every time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> There are many correct ways to form, both manuscript and cursive letters. Think of all the font. But children need to be taught one way that they practice automaticity. Then they don’t have to think about how to make the letter. That becomes automatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> When students write letters the same way many times, it becomes muscle memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> If you were taking notes right now, you would be thinking about what I’m saying. You might be thinking about how to spell some words, but you wouldn’t be thinking about how to form the letters because it’s automatic. Your brain knows that. it’s like jumping on a bicycle and heading off. You’re not thinking where you’re putting your feet or where you’re putting your hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> If you were learning to ride a bicycle but every day it was a different bicycle and things were in a slightly different place? You’d still be falling off and skinning your knee, or at least I would be, yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> One of the best ways to teach handwriting is through modeling. Nancy talks about what she is doing as she writes a new letter. This makes it a multimodal learning experience for students because they are able to see her make the letter on a big piece of paper or a whiteboard and hear her talk about it. Take a lower case, cursive letter “L”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> Starts on the baseline, curves up two spaces, curves back slightly, and then slant down, crossing on the midline, down almost to the baseline and up for a connecting stroke, L. And then I might do that again. And then I ask another student in the class, tell me how to make an L.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> You want them to use those words to guide themselves as long as they need to and to have the same words. So curve, slant, separate, cross, connecting stroke, using the same words for all the letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> But it’s not memorizing it. It’s really connecting it to that movement. And then once the movement is automatic, then they can concentrate on the other pieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> But simply copying letters over and over isn’t enough. Students need to write words, phrases, and sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> I think sometimes when it’s taught just as the motor skill, it misses that connection because it is a language skill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> In situations where a student gets tutoring just for handwriting and they learn all the letters, they can write all the letters, but they’re not using it functionally. They’re not writing words or phrases. So they’ve memorized something, but it’s not connected to something functional. And that’s a really important piece. And so most of the research supports teaching it as part of that literacy network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> In a lesson, teach it slowly in a sequence and then have children reading and writing the words with those letters. You don’t ask them to spell anything that they can’t write the letters for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> As students learn to write the letters in the words they’re spelling, they begin to recognize common letter patterns and structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Today, kids are using computers earlier than ever, which means they may be missing out on handwriting’s cognitive benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> When you’re typing, just pushing the keys, you’re not getting the kind of motor feedback. There’s not a unique sequence of movements for forming each letter when you’re hitting the key on the keyboard as when you’re writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Because writing is so embodied, you are able to make memory associations with what you’re seeing and hearing. Yes, writing by hand is slower, but that’s actually a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> Because I have to think about what I’m gonna write because I don’t have time to write everything, I actually have to pay attention to the content. I have to decide what is the most important thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/strong> Handwriting may not sound exciting, but kids love it. There’s something powerful about learning to write—even if it’s just your own name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong>There was a little first grader and his name was Sasha. And his mom wrote us a note about halfway through, and she said his father’s birthday had occurred, and he was writing his name. And he wrote one of the Ss backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nancy Cushen White:\u003c/strong> And he put his hand on his mom’s shoulder. He said, “mom, don’t worry. I made a mistake. I know how to fix it.” And he put around the backwards S, and he wrote a regular S the way he needed to, and he was perfectly fine. She said, if that had happened a month before that, he would have had a complete meltdown, and thrown the card on the floor, and that would have been the end of it. But just accepting, well, I’m gonna make a mistake every once in a while, but I know how to fix it. You just put brackets, that means I made a mistake, I know how to fix it, and you keep on going.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5898,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
"totalVotes": 33331,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 45776,
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25120,
"candidates": [
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"type": "localRace",
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"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5",
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"raceReadTheStory": "https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 37045,
"candidates": [
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{
"candidateName": "Jelani Killings",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5683
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{
"candidateName": "Shanelle Scales-Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12993
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{
"candidateName": "Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4031
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"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Measure A",
"raceDescription": "Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 11513,
"candidates": [
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7554
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 3959
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Measure B",
"raceDescription": "Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 17971,
"candidates": [
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10397
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"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7574
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 9230,
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}
]
},
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"id": "AlamedaLivermoreValleyJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Amanda Pepper",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Jean Paulsen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2536
},
{
"candidateName": "Tara Boyce",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13219
},
{
"candidateName": "Christiaan Vandenheuvel",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15223
},
{
"candidateName": "Deena Kaplanis",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15817
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]
},
"AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1",
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "New Haven Unified School District Governing Board, Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4547,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Midji Kuo-Rovetta",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1214
},
{
"candidateName": "Patricio R. Urbi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2094
},
{
"candidateName": "Jatinder (JP) K. Sahi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1239
}
]
},
"AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea2": {
"id": "AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "New Haven Unified School District Governing Board, Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4448,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Melanie Freeberg",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2928
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle Parnala",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
"AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3": {
"id": "AlamedaNewHavenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "New Haven Unified School District Governing Board, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5229,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Lydia Idem",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1960
},
{
"candidateName": "Michael Gonzales",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3269
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]
},
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"id": "AlamedaNewarkUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Newark Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 32762,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Aiden Hill",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7728
},
{
"candidateName": "Vikas Minglani",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3727
},
{
"candidateName": "Gabriel Anguiano Jr.",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7435
},
{
"candidateName": "Austin Block",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7622
},
{
"candidateName": "Phuong Nguyen",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6250
}
]
},
"AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3": {
"id": "AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Pleasanton Unified School District Governing Board, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7101,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Donalyn Harris",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3142
},
{
"candidateName": "Kelly Mokashi",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3959
}
]
},
"AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4": {
"id": "AlamedaPleasantonUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Pleasanton Unified School District Governing Board, Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6947,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jen Flynn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3309
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlie Jones",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3638
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLorenzoUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLorenzoUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Lorenzo Unified School District Governing Board, Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 3704,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Alicia Gonzalez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2363
},
{
"candidateName": "Penny Peck",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1341
}
]
},
"AlamedaSunolGlenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "AlamedaSunolGlenUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Sunol Glen Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 633,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Jergensen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 264
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Choin",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 369
}
]
},
"AlamedaBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 141989,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "John J. Bauters",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 70782
},
{
"candidateName": "Nikki Fortunato Bas",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 71207
}
]
},
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"id": "AlamedaAlamedaCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Alameda City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 61752,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Trish Herrera Spencer",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12086
},
{
"candidateName": "Thushan Amarasiriwardena",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13049
},
{
"candidateName": "Michele Pryor",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16396
},
{
"candidateName": "Greg Boller",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14208
},
{
"candidateName": "Steve Slauson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6013
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlamedaAuditor": {
"id": "AlamedaAlamedaAuditor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Alameda Auditor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27772,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Kevin R. Kearney",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 27772
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlamedaTreasurer": {
"id": "AlamedaAlamedaTreasurer",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Alameda Treasurer",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27514,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Kevin Kennedy",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 27514
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyRentStabilizationBoardCommissioner": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyRentStabilizationBoardCommissioner",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Rent Stabilization Board Commissioner",
"raceDescription": "Top four candidates win seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 138269,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Alfred Twu",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22942
},
{
"candidateName": "Carole Marasovic",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19557
},
{
"candidateName": "Xavier Johnson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26978
},
{
"candidateName": "Avery Arbaugh",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19825
},
{
"candidateName": "Andy Kelley",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23373
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominique Walker",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25594
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleySchoolDirector": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleySchoolDirector",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley School Director",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 84804,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Norma J.F. Harrison",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3121
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Corn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 30836
},
{
"candidateName": "Laura Babitt",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22061
},
{
"candidateName": "Ana Vasudeo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25743
},
{
"candidateName": "Adbur Sikder",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3043
}
]
},
"AlamedaDublinMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaDublinMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Dublin Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25515,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Tom Evans",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8278
},
{
"candidateName": "Sherry Hu",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9274
},
{
"candidateName": "Jean Josey",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7138
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Costello",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 825
}
]
},
"AlamedaDublinCityCouncilArea1": {
"id": "AlamedaDublinCityCouncilArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Dublin City Council, Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6133,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Michael McCorriston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6133
}
]
},
"AlamedaDublinCityCouncilArea3": {
"id": "AlamedaDublinCityCouncilArea3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Dublin City Council, Area 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4752,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Razi Hasni",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2305
},
{
"candidateName": "John Morada",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2447
}
]
},
"AlamedaEmeryvilleCityCouncil": {
"id": "AlamedaEmeryvilleCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Emeryville City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 10943,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Calvin Dillahunty",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 915
},
{
"candidateName": "Sam Gould",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1318
},
{
"candidateName": "Mia Esperanza Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1829
},
{
"candidateName": "Sukhdeep Kaur",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2265
},
{
"candidateName": "Courtney Welch",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2559
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Solomon",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2057
}
]
},
"AlamedaFremontMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaFremontMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Fremont Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 77400,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Rohan Marfatia",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8947
},
{
"candidateName": "Vinnie Bacon",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25108
},
{
"candidateName": "Hiu Ng",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6910
},
{
"candidateName": "Raj Salwan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 36435
}
]
},
"AlamedaFremontCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaFremontCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Fremont City Council, District 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 11787,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Teresa Keng",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7471
},
{
"candidateName": "Pravesh Kumar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1767
},
{
"candidateName": "Ranvir Sandhu",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2549
}
]
},
"AlamedaFremontCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaFremontCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Fremont City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15666,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sterling Jefferson Engle",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2966
},
{
"candidateName": "Chandra Wagh",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5265
},
{
"candidateName": "Yajing Zhang",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7435
}
]
},
"AlamedaFremontCityCouncilDistrict6": {
"id": "AlamedaFremontCityCouncilDistrict6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Fremont City Council, District 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 11269,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Raymond Liu",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5655
},
{
"candidateName": "Teresa Cox",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5614
}
]
},
"AlamedaHaywardCityCouncil": {
"id": "AlamedaHaywardCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Hayward City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top four candidates win seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 132561,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Tom Wong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10971
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Goldstein",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20029
},
{
"candidateName": "Angela Andrews",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25372
},
{
"candidateName": "Joe O. Ramos",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13217
},
{
"candidateName": "Ray Bonilla Jr.",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22511
},
{
"candidateName": "Tom Ferreira",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18510
},
{
"candidateName": "Francisco Zermeño",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21951
}
]
},
"AlamedaLivermoreMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaLivermoreMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Livermore Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 33976,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "John Marchand",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 33976
}
]
},
"AlamedaLivermoreCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaLivermoreCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Livermore City Council, District 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 10272,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "David Farley",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2847
},
{
"candidateName": "Steven Dunbar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4255
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeff Kaskey",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3170
}
]
},
"AlamedaLivermoreCityCouncilDistrict4": {
"id": "AlamedaLivermoreCityCouncilDistrict4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Livermore City Council, District 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 10860,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Kristie Wang",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6671
},
{
"candidateName": "Thomas Soules",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4189
}
]
},
"AlamedaNewarkMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaNewarkMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Newark Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15395,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Michael Hannon",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Jason Miguel",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1819
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"candidateName": "Moira “Mimi” Dean",
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{
"candidateName": "Bob Glaze",
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"AlamedaMeasureP": {
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure P",
"raceDescription": "Piedmont Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7011,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5684
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1327
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureQ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureQ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
"raceDescription": "San Lorenzo Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% + 1 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23822,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15832
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7990
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureC": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8966,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6322
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2644
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureR": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureR",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure R",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Business license tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8856,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4216
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4640
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureS": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureS",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure S",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Appoint city manager. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8274,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5508
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2766
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureT": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureT",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure T",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Eliminate bond requirement. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8170,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5793
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2377
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureU": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureU",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure U",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Bonding limit. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7959,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5697
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2262
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureV": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureV",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure V",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Youth voting. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8767,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5619
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3148
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureW": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureW",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure W",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Property transfer tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 51630,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 31461
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20169
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureX": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureX",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure X",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 53242,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 41819
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11423
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureY": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureY",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Y",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52536,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 39508
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13028
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureZ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureZ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Z",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Sugary drinks and sweetenders tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52929,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 42280
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10649
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureAA": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureAA",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure AA",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Spending limit. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52282,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 46394
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5888
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureBB": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureBB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure BB",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Affordable housing programs. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52882,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 29623
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23259
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureCC": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureCC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure CC",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Affordable housing programs. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 51633,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18070
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 33563
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureDD": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureDD",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure DD",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. CAFO prohibition. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 49700,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 30761
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18939
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureEE": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureEE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure EE",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52312,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23873
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28439
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureFF": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureFF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure FF",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52489,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 31942
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20547
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureGG": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureGG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure GG",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Fossil fuel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52229,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16178
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 36051
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureHH": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureHH",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure HH",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Indoor air quality. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 51108,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22205
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28903
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureII": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureII",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure II",
"raceDescription": "Dublin. Open Space Initiative. Passes with 50% vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25701,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13649
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12052
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureJJ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureJJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure JJ",
"raceDescription": "Dublin. Government accountability. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25445,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19350
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6095
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureK1": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureK1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure K1",
"raceDescription": "Hayward. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 46707,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 38826
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7881
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureLL": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureLL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure LL",
"raceDescription": "Newark. Transient occupancy tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15814,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12721
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3093
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureMM": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureMM",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure MM",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Wildfire protection zone. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35275,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25125
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10150
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureNN": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureNN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure NN",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Parking tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 159573,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 112971
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 46602
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureOO": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureOO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure OO",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Public ethics comission. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 150503,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 110317
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 40186
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasurePP": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasurePP",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure PP",
"raceDescription": "Pleasanton. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34880,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15983
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18897
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureQQ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureQQ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure QQ",
"raceDescription": "Union City. Gross receipts tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24809,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20249
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4560
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncil": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7969,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Hansen-Romero",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2072
},
{
"candidateName": "Peggy (Margaret) McQuaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2150
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Garrett-Pinguelo",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 393
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Tiedemann",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1490
},
{
"candidateName": "Preston Jordan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1864
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncilFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncilFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany City Council Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7865.9493,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Hansen-Romero",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2002
},
{
"candidateName": "Peggy (Margaret) McQuaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2002
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Garrett-Pinguelo (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Tiedemann",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1823.9955
},
{
"candidateName": "Preston Jordan ",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2037.9538
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducation": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducation",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany Board of Education",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7096,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jolene Gazmen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1633
},
{
"candidateName": "Dayna Inkeles",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1972
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian L. Doss",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 718
},
{
"candidateName": "Veronica Davidson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2773
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducationFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducationFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany Board of Education Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6949.5470000000005,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jolene Gazmen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1997.5386
},
{
"candidateName": "Dayna Inkeles",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2569.0084
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian L. Doss (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Veronica Davidson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2383
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 52493,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Adena Ishii",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19978
},
{
"candidateName": "Sophie Hahn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19633
},
{
"candidateName": "Kate Harrison",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11853
},
{
"candidateName": "Naomi D. Pete",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 501
},
{
"candidateName": "Logan Bowie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 528
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyMayorFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyMayorFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Mayor Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 49265,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Adena Ishii",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25156
},
{
"candidateName": "Sophie Hahn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 24109
},
{
"candidateName": "Kate Harrison (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Naomi D. Pete (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Logan Bowie (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict2": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6873,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Terry Taplin",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4787
},
{
"candidateName": "Jenny Guarino",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2086
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6344,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Deborah Matthews",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1526
},
{
"candidateName": "John “Chip” Moore",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1459
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Bartlett",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3359
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6096,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Deborah Matthews",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1833
},
{
"candidateName": "John “Chip” Moore (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Bartlett",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4263
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8585,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Nilang Gor",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1063
},
{
"candidateName": "Todd Andrew",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1721
},
{
"candidateName": "Shoshana O’Keefe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5801
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8262,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Nilang Gor (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Todd Andrew",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1995
},
{
"candidateName": "Shoshana O’Keefe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6267
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict6": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7332,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Brent Blackaby",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4405
},
{
"candidateName": "Andy Katz",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2927
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLarge": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLarge",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, At Large",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 143599,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Cristina “Tina” Tostado",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5406
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlene Wang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 30485
},
{
"candidateName": "Mindy Ruth Pechenuk",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4835
},
{
"candidateName": "Rowena Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 41871
},
{
"candidateName": "Nancy Sidebotham",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2254
},
{
"candidateName": "LeRonne L. Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 39258
},
{
"candidateName": "Fabian Robinson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2794
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Danino",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9695
},
{
"candidateName": "Kanitha Matoury",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5629
},
{
"candidateName": "Selika Thomas",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1372
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLargeFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLargeFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, At Large Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 127094,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Cristina “Tina” Tostado (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlene Wang (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Mindy Ruth Pechenuk (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Rowena Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 72315
},
{
"candidateName": "Nancy Sidebotham (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "LeRonne L. Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 54779
},
{
"candidateName": "Fabian Robinson (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Danino (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Kanitha Matoury (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Selika Thomas (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 1 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29613,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Edward C. Frank",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2581
},
{
"candidateName": "Zac Unger",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22641
},
{
"candidateName": "Len Raphael",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4391
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 1 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29252,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Edward C. Frank (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Zac Unger",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 24350
},
{
"candidateName": "Len Raphael",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4902
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 3 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 20561,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Baba Afolabi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1600
},
{
"candidateName": "Carroll Fife",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9871
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle D. Hailey",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1458
},
{
"candidateName": "Warren Mitchell Logan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6222
},
{
"candidateName": "Shan M. Hirsch",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 609
},
{
"candidateName": "Meron Semedar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 801
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19506,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Baba Afolabi (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Carroll Fife",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11437
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle D. Hailey (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Warren Mitchell Logan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8069
},
{
"candidateName": "Shan M. Hirsch (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Meron Semedar (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12299,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Noel Gallo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6482
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Prado",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1930
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3887
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12059,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Noel Gallo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7120
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Prado (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4939
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13089,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Merika Goolsby",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2063
},
{
"candidateName": "Ken Houston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4428
},
{
"candidateName": "Iris Merriouns",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4132
},
{
"candidateName": "Marcie Hodge",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2466
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 7 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12106,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Merika Goolsby (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ken Houston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6303
},
{
"candidateName": "Iris Merriouns",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5803
},
{
"candidateName": "Marcie Hodge (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityAttorney": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityAttorney",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Attorney",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 137594,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Brenda Harbin-Forte",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 56752
},
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Richardson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 80842
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 1 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28794,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Rachel Latta",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22409
},
{
"candidateName": "Benjamin Salop",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6385
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 3 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19777,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Dwayne Aikens Jr.",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8847
},
{
"candidateName": "VanCedric Williams",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10930
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 5 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12041,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sasha Ritzie-Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5578
},
{
"candidateName": "Patrice Berry",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6463
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict7": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 7 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12366,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Clifford Thompson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7776
},
{
"candidateName": "Domonic Ware",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4590
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 22501,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sbeydeh Viveros Walton",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22501
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict2": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "9:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28755,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Ed Hernandez",
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"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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]
},
"NapaNapaCountyBoardofEducationTrusteeArea5": {
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{
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{
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},
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{
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{
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},
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{
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},
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"location": "Napa",
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{
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},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Eve Ryser",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
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"location": "Napa",
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "David T. Gracia",
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},
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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},
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Pierre Washington",
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]
},
"NapaAmericanCanyonCityCouncil": {
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"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"location": "Napa",
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{
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Scott Sedgley",
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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]
},
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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{
"candidateName": "Hector R. Marroquin",
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{
"candidateName": "Aaron Barak",
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]
},
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"id": "NapaYountvilleTownCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Yountville Town Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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{
"candidateName": "Robert Moore",
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{
"candidateName": "Pam Reeves",
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{
"candidateName": "Eric E. Knight",
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 42267,
"candidates": [
{
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{
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"NapaMeasureU": {
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 60783,
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{
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{
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:25 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2764,
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{
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"SFBoardofEducation": {
"id": "SFBoardofEducation",
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"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Education",
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"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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"voteCount": 81044
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Parag Gupta",
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"voteCount": 139340
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{
"candidateName": "Matt Alexander",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 122698
},
{
"candidateName": "Supryia Marie Ray",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 127834
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{
"candidateName": "Virginia Cheung",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 101017
},
{
"candidateName": "Min Chang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 48550
},
{
"candidateName": "Maddy Krantz",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 33165
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]
},
"SFCommunityCollegeBoard": {
"id": "SFCommunityCollegeBoard",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Community College Board",
"raceDescription": "Top four candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 823294,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 114132
},
{
"candidateName": "Leanna C. Louie",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 50353
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{
"candidateName": "Heather McCarty",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 162477
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{
"candidateName": "Julio J. Ramos",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Aliya Chisti",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 149638
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Kaplan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 49320
},
{
"candidateName": "Alan Wong",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 140951
},
{
"candidateName": "Luis Zamora",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 117682
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]
},
"SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict7": {
"id": "SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Director, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. Includes votes from San Francisco and Alameda County.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 161254,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 92729
},
{
"candidateName": "Dana Lang",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 68525
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]
},
"SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict9": {
"id": "SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict9",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Director, District 9",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 137871,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Edward Wright",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 86966
},
{
"candidateName": "Joe Sangirardi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 50905
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]
},
"SFMeasureA": {
"id": "SFMeasureA",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure A",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 377297,
"candidates": [
{
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{
"candidateName": "No",
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]
},
"SFMeasureB": {
"id": "SFMeasureB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure B",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Community health and safety bond. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 376637,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 274187
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 102450
}
]
},
"SFMeasureC": {
"id": "SFMeasureC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Inspector General position. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 370366,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 225704
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 144662
}
]
},
"SFMeasureD": {
"id": "SFMeasureD",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure D",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Commissions and mayoral authority. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 366327,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 158723
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 207604
}
]
},
"SFMeasureE": {
"id": "SFMeasureE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure E",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Commissions task force. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 363854,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 192540
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 171314
}
]
},
"SFMeasureF": {
"id": "SFMeasureF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure F",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Police pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 361671,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 163835
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 197836
}
]
},
"SFMeasureG": {
"id": "SFMeasureG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure G",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Affordable housing. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 370824,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 217807
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 153017
}
]
},
"SFMeasureH": {
"id": "SFMeasureH",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure H",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Firefighter pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 365942,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 192601
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 173341
}
]
},
"SFMeasureI": {
"id": "SFMeasureI",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure I",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Nurse and 911 operator pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 363459,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 261318
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 102141
}
]
},
"SFMeasureJ": {
"id": "SFMeasureJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure J",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. City spending. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 362785,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 297972
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 64813
}
]
},
"SFMeasureK": {
"id": "SFMeasureK",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure K",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Permanently closing Upper Great Highway to private vehicles. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 376489,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 206042
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 170447
}
]
},
"SFMeasureL": {
"id": "SFMeasureL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure L",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Transportation network companies tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 369575,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 210375
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 159200
}
]
},
"SFMeasureM": {
"id": "SFMeasureM",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure M",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Business tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 342310,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 237930
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 104380
}
]
},
"SFMeasureN": {
"id": "SFMeasureN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure N",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Student loan reimbursement. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 363432,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 187979
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 175453
}
]
},
"SFMeasureO": {
"id": "SFMeasureO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure O",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Reproductive rights. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 373249,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 312914
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 60335
}
]
},
"SFMayorRound1": {
"id": "SFMayorRound1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Mayor Round 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 390180,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "London Breed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 95117
},
{
"candidateName": "Mark Farrell",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 72115
},
{
"candidateName": "Henry Flynn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1319
},
{
"candidateName": "Keith Freedman",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2079
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Hirsch-Shell",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2897
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Lurie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 102720
},
{
"candidateName": "Nelson Mei",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1791
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Peskin",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 89215
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Robertson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 812
},
{
"candidateName": "Ahsha Safai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11425
},
{
"candidateName": "Shahram Shariati",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1613
},
{
"candidateName": "Jon Soderstrom",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 412
},
{
"candidateName": "Ellen Zhou",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8665
}
]
},
"SFMayorRound3": {
"id": "SFMayorRound3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Mayor Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 331477,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "London Breed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 149113
},
{
"candidateName": "Mark Farrell (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Henry Flynn (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Keith Freedman (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Hirsch-Shell (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Lurie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 182364
},
{
"candidateName": "Nelson Mei (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Peskin (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Robertson (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ahsha Safai (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Shahram Shariati (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jon Soderstrom (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ellen Zhou (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 1 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35478,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sherman D'Silva",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 899
},
{
"candidateName": "Marjan Philhour",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14755
},
{
"candidateName": "Connie Chan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16670
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Boehner",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1344
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Nossokoff",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1810
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 1 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34299,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sherman D'Silva (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Marjan Philhour",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16499
},
{
"candidateName": "Connie Chan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17800
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Boehner (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Nossokoff (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28758,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sharon Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8489
},
{
"candidateName": "Moe Jamil",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3753
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Ha Chau",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1565
},
{
"candidateName": "Eduard Navarro",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 879
},
{
"candidateName": "Danny Sauter",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11272
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Susk",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2800
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25568,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sharon Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11512
},
{
"candidateName": "Moe Jamil (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Ha Chau (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Eduard Navarro (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Danny Sauter",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14056
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Susk (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29698,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Autumn Hope Looijen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2606
},
{
"candidateName": "Bilal Mahmood",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11840
},
{
"candidateName": "Scotty Jacobs",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2796
},
{
"candidateName": "Allen Jones",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 444
},
{
"candidateName": "Dean Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12012
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27818,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Autumn Hope Looijen (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Bilal Mahmood",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14741
},
{
"candidateName": "Scotty Jacobs (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Allen Jones (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Dean Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13077
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 7 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 37318,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Myrna Melgar",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17532
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Martin-Pinto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5135
},
{
"candidateName": "Edward S. Yee",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1244
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Boschetto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13407
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 7 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35412,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Myrna Melgar",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18916
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Martin-Pinto (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Edward S. Yee (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Boschetto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16496
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 9 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 32731,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jackie Fielder",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13844
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Jon Torres",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1140
},
{
"candidateName": "Roberto Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6606
},
{
"candidateName": "Jaime Gutierrez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 931
},
{
"candidateName": "Trevor Chandler",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9042
},
{
"candidateName": "Julian Bermudez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 600
},
{
"candidateName": "H. Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 568
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]
},
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"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Trevor Chandler",
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{
"candidateName": "Julian Bermudez (eliminated)",
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},
{
"candidateName": "H. Brown (eliminated)",
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]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict11": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict11",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 11 First Round",
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"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Michael Lai",
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
"candidateName": "Chyanne Chen",
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]
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"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Michael Lai",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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]
},
"SFCityAttorney": {
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"location": "San Francisco",
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"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "David Chiu",
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Richard T. Woon",
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}
]
},
"SFDistrictAttorney": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
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"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Brooke Jenkins ",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 228999
},
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Khojasteh",
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"candidateParty": "",
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}
]
},
"SFSheriff": {
"id": "SFSheriff",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Sheriff ",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Michael Juan",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Miyamoto",
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]
},
"SFTreasurer": {
"id": "SFTreasurer",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Treasurer ",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:55 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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]
},
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"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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]
},
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{
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},
{
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]
},
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Ester Adut",
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]
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Lisa A. Petrides",
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]
},
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Glenn Wilson",
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]
},
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{
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{
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]
},
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Samuel M. Chetcuti",
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]
},
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Sequoia Union High School District, Governing Board, Trustee Area B",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Torunian",
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Jacob Yuryev",
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"voteCount": 6080
}
]
},
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"id": "SMSequoiaUnionHighSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardTrusteeAreaE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Sequoia Union High School District, Governing Board, Trustee Area E",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 10513,
"candidates": [
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Maria E. Cruz",
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{
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]
},
"SMBrisbaneSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard": {
"id": "SMBrisbaneSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Brisbane School District, Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. ",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Christine Oquendo",
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]
},
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"id": "SMJeffersonElementarySchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Jefferson Elementary School District, Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. ",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Andrea Jordan",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Cheryll Catuar",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10678
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]
},
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"id": "SMLasLomitasElementarySchoolDistrictGoverningBoardFullTerm",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Las Lomitas Elementary School District, Governing Board — Full Term",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Jason Morimoto",
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{
"candidateName": "Pooya Sarabandi",
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]
},
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"raceName": "Las Lomitas Elementary School District, Governing Board — Short Term",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Shauna Smith",
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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]
},
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"location": "San Mateo",
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{
"candidateName": "Lisa Gauthier",
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]
},
"SMBelmontMayor": {
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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]
},
"SMBelmontCityCouncilDistrict2": {
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Cathy M. Jordan",
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]
},
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"id": "SMBelmontCityCouncilDistrict4",
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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},
{
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{
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{
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]
},
"SMBrisbaneCityCouncil": {
"id": "SMBrisbaneCityCouncil",
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"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Frank Kern",
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]
},
"SMBurlingameCityCouncilDistrict1ShortTerm": {
"id": "SMBurlingameCityCouncilDistrict1ShortTerm",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Burlingame City Council, District 1 — Short Term",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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}
]
},
"SMBurlingameCityCouncilDistrict2FullTerm": {
"id": "SMBurlingameCityCouncilDistrict2FullTerm",
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"raceName": "Burlingame City Council, District 2 — Full Term",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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},
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{
"candidateName": "Alayna Van Devort Wagner",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15139,
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 14136,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 10174
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 10950,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 6986
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure EE",
"raceDescription": "Pacifica School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19170,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 13902
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{
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure S",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7945,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 6249
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SMMeasureX": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure X",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15828,
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"voteCount": 3909
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure O",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15031,
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"voteCount": 12419
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure Y",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 1985,
"candidates": [
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 553,
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SMMeasureJJ": {
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure JJ",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6278,
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13252,
"candidates": [
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"raceName": "Measure R",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6145,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 3969
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"raceName": "Measure CC",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15571,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 13009
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 9905,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 7729
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 2176
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},
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure M ",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19664,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15284
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
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"id": "SMMeasureBB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure BB",
"raceDescription": "Redwood City. Business license tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 32216,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26988
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
"SMMeasureQ": {
"id": "SMMeasureQ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
"raceDescription": "San Bruno. Infrastructure bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 17380,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12703
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 4677
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]
},
"SMMeasureL": {
"id": "SMMeasureL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure L",
"raceDescription": "San Carlos. Appoint city treasurer. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 14980,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11206
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3774
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]
},
"SMMeasureT": {
"id": "SMMeasureT",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure T",
"raceDescription": "San Mateo. Affordable housing. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 42554,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 25271
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"SMMeasureW": {
"id": "SMMeasureW",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure W",
"raceDescription": "South San Francisco. Business lincese tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24535,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 19842
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 4693
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]
},
"SMMeasureI": {
"id": "SMMeasureI",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure I",
"raceDescription": "Broadmoor Police Protection District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:16 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2085,
"candidates": [
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"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 20980,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24905,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"timeUpdated": "7:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 5, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:01 PM",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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{
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"raceName": "Windsor Unified School District Governing Board",
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"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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},
{
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{
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Petaluma City (Elementary) and Petaluma Joint Union High School Districts Governing Board, Trustee Area 4",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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{
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "West Sonoma County Union High School District Governing Board, Trustee Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "8:01 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Dec 3, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5203,
"candidates": [
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},
{
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Oak Grove Union School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
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