How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan)
CHART: How Many Soldiers Died in Each U.S. War?
Fighting Words: How Presidents -- from FDR to Trump -- Make the Case for Military Intervention (with Lesson Plan)
Yes, We've Done It Too: A History of U.S. Meddling in Other Countries' Elections
Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)
EXPLAINER: What's the Deal with the TPP?
Interactive Timeline: A Brief History of America's Complicated Relationship with Cuba
Confused about Iran? Three Multimedia Resources Explaining the Nuclear Drama
Words of Warcraft: How U.S. Presidents -- from FDR to Obama -- Have Made the Case for Military Action
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FM","link":"/"}},"lowdown_14066":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_14066","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"14066","score":null,"sort":[1504893632000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911","title":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan)","publishDate":1504893632,"format":"image","headTitle":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 9, 2023\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-two years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously in August, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS0qENVESv0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in dramatic changes in our nation's attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1694367594,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1927},"headData":{"title":"How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","description":"America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in dramatic changes in our nation's attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"customPermalink":"2014/09/10/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911/","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/lowdown/14066/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 9, 2023\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-two years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously in August, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/14066/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_509","lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399","lowdown_457","lowdown_2365","lowdown_2359","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_168","lowdown_2337","lowdown_524"],"featImg":"lowdown_23785","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_22209":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_22209","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"22209","score":null,"sort":[1495760456000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"interactive-american-war-deaths-by-the-numbers","title":"CHART: How Many Soldiers Died in Each U.S. War?","publishDate":1495760456,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->America has never been a stranger to war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our relatively short history as a nation, we've fought a lot of them: 11 official wars and numerous other domestic and international military conflicts, collectively resulting in huge numbers of casualties on both sides of the battlefield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less likely than previous generations to either be involved in an armed military conflict or to know a friend or family member serving in one. This is in large part because the military has been an all-volunteer force since the end of the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Paul Waldman of the \u003ca href=\"http://prospect.org/article/american-war-dead-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Prospect\u003c/a> noted in his 2014 article:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of Americans who were in uniform peaked during the national mobilizations of World War I and World War II, particularly the latter, when more than 16 million Americans were in the armed forces. As a proportion of the population, 14 times as many Americans served in World War II as did in the wars of the last decade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another stark disparity is the rate of U.S. fatalities in today's conflicts as compared to those in even the recent past. In Vietnam, Waldman writes, there was one death for every 58 soldiers deployed. In both World War I and World War II, that rate was about one in 40. And during the Civil War, it was an astounding one in five. \"That of course meant that many more Americans would know someone who died.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, modern American warfare has become less a national sacrifice than it once was, with a significantly smaller percentage of the nation's population bearing the burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chart below shows U.S. war deaths per official military conflict. Keep in mind that some of these figures, particularly those from older conflicts, are rough estimates. Sources are listed below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript id=\"infogram_0_ac52f636-e624-4c5b-9248-3b4aa7804453\" title=\"U.S. War Deaths\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/js/dist/embed.js?KVz\" type=\"text/javascript\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sources\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>- War fatalities/deployments: \u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dept. of Veterans Affairs \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Defense\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- Population figures: \u003ca href=\"http://prospect.org/article/american-war-dead-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Waldman, American Prospect\u003c/a> (based on U.S. Census data from the year each war began)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1496104930,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":399},"headData":{"title":"CHART: How Many Soldiers Died in Each U.S. War? | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"22209 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=22209","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/05/25/interactive-american-war-deaths-by-the-numbers/","disqusTitle":"CHART: How Many Soldiers Died in Each U.S. War?","path":"/lowdown/22209/interactive-american-war-deaths-by-the-numbers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->America has never been a stranger to war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our relatively short history as a nation, we've fought a lot of them: 11 official wars and numerous other domestic and international military conflicts, collectively resulting in huge numbers of casualties on both sides of the battlefield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less likely than previous generations to either be involved in an armed military conflict or to know a friend or family member serving in one. This is in large part because the military has been an all-volunteer force since the end of the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Paul Waldman of the \u003ca href=\"http://prospect.org/article/american-war-dead-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Prospect\u003c/a> noted in his 2014 article:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of Americans who were in uniform peaked during the national mobilizations of World War I and World War II, particularly the latter, when more than 16 million Americans were in the armed forces. As a proportion of the population, 14 times as many Americans served in World War II as did in the wars of the last decade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another stark disparity is the rate of U.S. fatalities in today's conflicts as compared to those in even the recent past. In Vietnam, Waldman writes, there was one death for every 58 soldiers deployed. In both World War I and World War II, that rate was about one in 40. And during the Civil War, it was an astounding one in five. \"That of course meant that many more Americans would know someone who died.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, modern American warfare has become less a national sacrifice than it once was, with a significantly smaller percentage of the nation's population bearing the burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chart below shows U.S. war deaths per official military conflict. Keep in mind that some of these figures, particularly those from older conflicts, are rough estimates. Sources are listed below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript id=\"infogram_0_ac52f636-e624-4c5b-9248-3b4aa7804453\" title=\"U.S. War Deaths\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/js/dist/embed.js?KVz\" type=\"text/javascript\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sources\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>- War fatalities/deployments: \u003ca href=\"http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dept. of Veterans Affairs \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Defense\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n- Population figures: \u003ca href=\"http://prospect.org/article/american-war-dead-numbers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Waldman, American Prospect\u003c/a> (based on U.S. Census data from the year each war began)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/22209/interactive-american-war-deaths-by-the-numbers","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_391","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2413","lowdown_2535"],"featImg":"lowdown_22225","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26506":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26506","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"26506","score":null,"sort":[1491974003000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fighting-words-how-u-s-presidents-since-fdr-have-made-the-case-for-military-action-with-lesson-plan","title":"Fighting Words: How Presidents -- from FDR to Trump -- Make the Case for Military Intervention (with Lesson Plan)","publishDate":1491974003,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/JFpanWNgfQY\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-la<p data-wpview-marker=;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Syria-and-the-language-of-going-to-war-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Presidents and Military Action (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Words-of-Warcraft-graphic-organizer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Graphic Organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/18/17): Earth Day\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Trump announced on Thursday (April 6) that the United States had conducted a missile strike on an airfield in Syria in response to a deadly chemical attack carried out earlier in the week by Syrian government forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tonight, I ordered a targeted military strike on the air base in Syria from where the chemical attack was launched,” Trump said in a televised address from his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida. “It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, the U.S. has led an air campaign against ISIS targets in Syria, where civil war has raged since 2011. But, despite Trump's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/us/politics/donald-trump-syria-twitter.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">once-adamant opposition\u003c/a> to steering clear of Syria, this is the first U.S. military attack directed against the government of President Bashar al-Assad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's short address was a sobering reminder of the immense power the commander-in-chief has to single-handedly order military action, even without congressional authorization. It is the latest in a long history of solemn presidential declarations of war and authorizations of lesser military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States' increasingly large and powerful military has been very busy since World War II, consistently involved in conflicts around the world. In little over half a century, American forces have fought in five all-out wars (Korea, Vietnam, the first war in Iraq, Afghanistan and the second war in Iraq) and been involved in many additional smaller military invasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the abundant collection of scrupulously crafted calls to arms delivered by generations of presidents, many share these five stylistic and rhetorical elements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A strong justification of action, emphasizing a deep sense of urgency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear-cut dichotomies between forces of good and evil\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An emphasis on American benevolence and exceptionalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A clearly articulated statement about the weightiness of the decision, one made only as a last resort\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An assurance that America's military involvement is grounded in humanitarian intent and will ultimately lead to a lasting peace\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Presidents are also often careful in these addresses to proactively repudiate notions of American imperialism, self-interest and aggression, and to make clear that, far than policing the world, the United States is exercising its military might as a force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts from nine memorable addresses made by a succession of presidents who have ordered U.S. military action. (This is by no means an exclusive list -- there have been many more military actions and addresses not included below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>December 1941: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declares war on Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A date which will live in infamy ... As Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures by taken for our defense. But always will our full nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>December 1950: President Harry S. Truman declares war on Korea\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"All the things we believe in are in great danger ... The future of civilization depends on what we do. On what we do now. And in the months ahead.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/R3Hx2RMZsfs\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>October 1962: President John F. Kennedy announcing a military blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are; but it is the one most consistent with our character and courage as a nation and our commitments around the world. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is not the victory of might, but the vindication of right; not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom, here in this hemisphere, and, we hope, around the world. God willing, that goal will be achieved.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/rmA9CZqAWO4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>August 1964: President Lyndon Johnson announcing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We still seek no wider war ... I shall immediately request Congress to pass a resolution making it clear that our government is united in its determination to take all necessary measures in support of freedom and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia. It is a solemn responsibility to have to order even limited military action by forces whose overall strength is as vast and as awesome as those of the United States of America. But it is my considered conviction shared throughout your government that firmness in the right is indispensable today for peace. That firmness will always be measured. Its mission is peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>October 1983: President Ronald Reagan announcing the beginning of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We have taken this decisive action for three reasons. First, and of overriding importance, to protect innocent lives, including up to 1,000 Americans, whose personal safety is of course my paramount concern. Second, to forestall further chaos. And third, to assist in the restoration of conditions of law and order and of governmental institutions ... Let there be no misunderstanding, this collective action has been forced on us by events that have no precedent in the Eastern Caribbean and no place in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466398\" width=\"650\" height=\"415\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>January 1991: President George H. W. Bush announces the launch of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yesterday after conferring with my senior national security advisers, and following extensive consultations with our coalition partners, Saddam Hussein was given one last chance, set forth in very explicit terms, to do what he should have done more than six months ago ... Once again, this was a decision made only after extensive consultations within our coalition partnership.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>March 1999: President Bill Clinton announces U.S. military intervention in Kosovo\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"By acting now, we are upholding our values, protecting our interests and advancing the cause of peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>March 2003: George W. Bush announces the beginning of another war with Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To all the men and women in the United States Armed Forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. That trust is well placed ... The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>September 2013: President Barack Obama makes a case for military action against the Syrian government\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"My fellow Americans, for nearly seven decades, the United States has been the anchor of global security. This has meant doing more than forging international agreements. It has meant enforcing them. The burdens of leadership are often heavy. But the world's a better place because we have borne them.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>April 2017: President Donald Trump announces a missile strike on Syria.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons. There can be no dispute that Syria used banned chemical weapons, violated its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention and ignored the urging of the U.N. Security Council ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight I call on all civilized nations to join us in seeking to end the slaughter and bloodshed in Syria and also to end terrorism of all kinds and all types. We ask for God's wisdom as we face the challenge of our very troubled world. We pray for the lives of the wounded and for the souls of those who have passed and we hope that as long as America stands for justice, that peace and harmony will in the end prevail.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/4sVp3yFNEYQ\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1492107261,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1343},"headData":{"title":"Fighting Words: How Presidents -- from FDR to Trump -- Make the Case for Military Intervention (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26506 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26506","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/04/11/fighting-words-how-u-s-presidents-since-fdr-have-made-the-case-for-military-action-with-lesson-plan/","disqusTitle":"Fighting Words: How Presidents -- from FDR to Trump -- Make the Case for Military Intervention (with Lesson Plan)","path":"/lowdown/26506/fighting-words-how-u-s-presidents-since-fdr-have-made-the-case-for-military-action-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/JFpanWNgfQY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/JFpanWNgfQY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-la<p data-wpview-marker=;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Syria-and-the-language-of-going-to-war-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson Plan: Presidents and Military Action (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/04/Words-of-Warcraft-graphic-organizer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Graphic Organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Next Tuesday (4/18/17): Earth Day\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Trump announced on Thursday (April 6) that the United States had conducted a missile strike on an airfield in Syria in response to a deadly chemical attack carried out earlier in the week by Syrian government forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tonight, I ordered a targeted military strike on the air base in Syria from where the chemical attack was launched,” Trump said in a televised address from his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida. “It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2014, the U.S. has led an air campaign against ISIS targets in Syria, where civil war has raged since 2011. But, despite Trump's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/us/politics/donald-trump-syria-twitter.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">once-adamant opposition\u003c/a> to steering clear of Syria, this is the first U.S. military attack directed against the government of President Bashar al-Assad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's short address was a sobering reminder of the immense power the commander-in-chief has to single-handedly order military action, even without congressional authorization. It is the latest in a long history of solemn presidential declarations of war and authorizations of lesser military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States' increasingly large and powerful military has been very busy since World War II, consistently involved in conflicts around the world. In little over half a century, American forces have fought in five all-out wars (Korea, Vietnam, the first war in Iraq, Afghanistan and the second war in Iraq) and been involved in many additional smaller military invasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the abundant collection of scrupulously crafted calls to arms delivered by generations of presidents, many share these five stylistic and rhetorical elements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A strong justification of action, emphasizing a deep sense of urgency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear-cut dichotomies between forces of good and evil\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An emphasis on American benevolence and exceptionalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A clearly articulated statement about the weightiness of the decision, one made only as a last resort\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An assurance that America's military involvement is grounded in humanitarian intent and will ultimately lead to a lasting peace\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Presidents are also often careful in these addresses to proactively repudiate notions of American imperialism, self-interest and aggression, and to make clear that, far than policing the world, the United States is exercising its military might as a force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts from nine memorable addresses made by a succession of presidents who have ordered U.S. military action. (This is by no means an exclusive list -- there have been many more military actions and addresses not included below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>December 1941: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declares war on Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A date which will live in infamy ... As Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures by taken for our defense. But always will our full nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>December 1950: President Harry S. Truman declares war on Korea\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"All the things we believe in are in great danger ... The future of civilization depends on what we do. On what we do now. And in the months ahead.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/R3Hx2RMZsfs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/R3Hx2RMZsfs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>October 1962: President John F. Kennedy announcing a military blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are; but it is the one most consistent with our character and courage as a nation and our commitments around the world. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal is not the victory of might, but the vindication of right; not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom, here in this hemisphere, and, we hope, around the world. God willing, that goal will be achieved.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rmA9CZqAWO4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rmA9CZqAWO4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>August 1964: President Lyndon Johnson announcing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We still seek no wider war ... I shall immediately request Congress to pass a resolution making it clear that our government is united in its determination to take all necessary measures in support of freedom and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia. It is a solemn responsibility to have to order even limited military action by forces whose overall strength is as vast and as awesome as those of the United States of America. But it is my considered conviction shared throughout your government that firmness in the right is indispensable today for peace. That firmness will always be measured. Its mission is peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>October 1983: President Ronald Reagan announcing the beginning of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We have taken this decisive action for three reasons. First, and of overriding importance, to protect innocent lives, including up to 1,000 Americans, whose personal safety is of course my paramount concern. Second, to forestall further chaos. And third, to assist in the restoration of conditions of law and order and of governmental institutions ... Let there be no misunderstanding, this collective action has been forced on us by events that have no precedent in the Eastern Caribbean and no place in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466398\" width=\"650\" height=\"415\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>January 1991: President George H. W. Bush announces the launch of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yesterday after conferring with my senior national security advisers, and following extensive consultations with our coalition partners, Saddam Hussein was given one last chance, set forth in very explicit terms, to do what he should have done more than six months ago ... Once again, this was a decision made only after extensive consultations within our coalition partnership.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>March 1999: President Bill Clinton announces U.S. military intervention in Kosovo\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"By acting now, we are upholding our values, protecting our interests and advancing the cause of peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>March 2003: George W. Bush announces the beginning of another war with Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To all the men and women in the United States Armed Forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. That trust is well placed ... The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>September 2013: President Barack Obama makes a case for military action against the Syrian government\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"My fellow Americans, for nearly seven decades, the United States has been the anchor of global security. This has meant doing more than forging international agreements. It has meant enforcing them. The burdens of leadership are often heavy. But the world's a better place because we have borne them.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>April 2017: President Donald Trump announces a missile strike on Syria.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons. There can be no dispute that Syria used banned chemical weapons, violated its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention and ignored the urging of the U.N. Security Council ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight I call on all civilized nations to join us in seeking to end the slaughter and bloodshed in Syria and also to end terrorism of all kinds and all types. We ask for God's wisdom as we face the challenge of our very troubled world. We pray for the lives of the wounded and for the souls of those who have passed and we hope that as long as America stands for justice, that peace and harmony will in the end prevail.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4sVp3yFNEYQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4sVp3yFNEYQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26506/fighting-words-how-u-s-presidents-since-fdr-have-made-the-case-for-military-action-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_457","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_397"],"featImg":"lowdown_9631","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_26109":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_26109","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"26109","score":null,"sort":[1488521953000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-history-of-u-s-meddling-in-foreign-elections","title":"Yes, We've Done It Too: A History of U.S. Meddling in Other Countries' Elections","publishDate":1488521953,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With headlines like these, who needs spy novels!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Revelations of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election have come as a shock to many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the plot keeps getting thicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/us/politics/jeff-sessions-russia-trump-investigation-democrats.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recused himself\u003c/a> from involvement in any Russian election meddling investigations. The announcement comes after reports surfaced that he met twice with the Russian ambassador before the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this political drama got us wondering: How unusual is foreign election interference? As it turns out, not unusual at all. Russia/USSR has been tinkering with other countries' elections for decades -- and so has the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cmu.edu/ips/people/post-doctoral-fellows/dov-levin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dov Levin\u003c/a>, a political scientist at Carnegie-Mellon University, has found over a hundred examples of U.S. and/or Russian interference in other countries' elections from 1946 to 2000. About 30 percent of these interventions were Russian; the other 70 percent were organized by the U.S. In the slideshow below, we've put together a few of the American examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A note before we get started: This slideshow focuses specifically on U.S. interference in foreign elections. So it doesn't include some of the more egregious instances of U.S. meddling -- such as the 1953 coup against Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, or the 1961 assassination of Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. We do mention the U.S.-backed coup against Salvador Allende -- but within the context of U.S. interference in Chile's elections, which preceded the coup by almost a decade. So as you click through, bear in mind that election meddling is just one of the many ways that the U.S. has intervened in other countries' politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cssrFLkx8zU_U2nqavXC6j3TTNU5sbXWvoH5ipaB8h4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1510864163,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":287},"headData":{"title":"Yes, We've Done It Too: A History of U.S. Meddling in Other Countries' Elections | KQED","description":"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"26109 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=26109","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/03/02/a-history-of-u-s-meddling-in-foreign-elections/","disqusTitle":"Yes, We've Done It Too: A History of U.S. Meddling in Other Countries' Elections","path":"/lowdown/26109/a-history-of-u-s-meddling-in-foreign-elections","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With headlines like these, who needs spy novels!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Revelations of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election have come as a shock to many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the plot keeps getting thicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/us/politics/jeff-sessions-russia-trump-investigation-democrats.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recused himself\u003c/a> from involvement in any Russian election meddling investigations. The announcement comes after reports surfaced that he met twice with the Russian ambassador before the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this political drama got us wondering: How unusual is foreign election interference? As it turns out, not unusual at all. Russia/USSR has been tinkering with other countries' elections for decades -- and so has the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cmu.edu/ips/people/post-doctoral-fellows/dov-levin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dov Levin\u003c/a>, a political scientist at Carnegie-Mellon University, has found over a hundred examples of U.S. and/or Russian interference in other countries' elections from 1946 to 2000. About 30 percent of these interventions were Russian; the other 70 percent were organized by the U.S. In the slideshow below, we've put together a few of the American examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A note before we get started: This slideshow focuses specifically on U.S. interference in foreign elections. So it doesn't include some of the more egregious instances of U.S. meddling -- such as the 1953 coup against Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, or the 1961 assassination of Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. We do mention the U.S.-backed coup against Salvador Allende -- but within the context of U.S. interference in Chile's elections, which preceded the coup by almost a decade. So as you click through, bear in mind that election meddling is just one of the many ways that the U.S. has intervened in other countries' politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1cssrFLkx8zU_U2nqavXC6j3TTNU5sbXWvoH5ipaB8h4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"1100\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/26109/a-history-of-u-s-meddling-in-foreign-elections","authors":["8628"],"categories":["lowdown_1","lowdown_2391","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2596","lowdown_2337"],"featImg":"lowdown_26119","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_25219":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_25219","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"25219","score":null,"sort":[1485806432000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","title":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","publishDate":1485806432,"format":"quote","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1544570857,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":94,"wordCount":4936},"headData":{"title":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","description":"Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"25219 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=25219","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/30/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan/","disqusTitle":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","customPermalink":"2017/01/24/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan/","path":"/lowdown/25219/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/25219/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2498","lowdown_2390","lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399","lowdown_2370","lowdown_2365","lowdown_2366","lowdown_2372","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2585"],"featImg":"lowdown_24651","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_18609":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_18609","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"18609","score":null,"sort":[1469849415000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained","title":"EXPLAINER: What's the Deal with the TPP?","publishDate":1469849415,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>https://youtu.be/y1uZcXsf8fs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED July 29, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you watched any part of the Democratic National Convention this week, you probably noticed a small but visible group of attendees protesting something called the “TPP.” Some held signs and banners. Some even heckled during various speeches, including President Obama’s address Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of discontent is a massive trade deal called the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a plan spearheaded by the Obama Administration that would set new trade rules between the United States and other eleven Pacific Rim nations. It has yet to be approved by Congress, and both major party nominees say they oppose the deal. The issue nevertheless has become a flashpoint in this year’s presidential campaign, particularly among some ardent supporters of former candidate Bernie Sanders, who remain suspicious of Hillary Clinton’s intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why all the drama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make some sense of it, we’ve put together a quick guide to the TPP. If you have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to leave us a comment – we’ll do our best to get back to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What is the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The TPP is a trade agreement between the United States and 11 other Pacific-Rim nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. The deal would reduce trade costs between these 12 countries, which are collectively responsible for about 40 percent of global GDP and roughly a third of global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18638 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\" alt=\"Congressional Research Bureau\" width=\"641\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB-400x510.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congressional Research Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After five years of negotiations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN0VD08S\">the agreement\u003c/a> was agreed to and signed in February by representatives of all 12 member nations. But the deal can't go into effect until at least six of them individually ratify it -- and the U.S. and Japan must be included (because of the size of their economies)\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> In other words, if either Japanese or U.S. lawmakers fail to approve it, the TPP is dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/what-the-tpp-means-for-japan/\">divided\u003c/a> about the merits of the deal, and unlikely to vote on it before 2017. And in the United States, Congress probably won't take it up until after the election. President Obama has said he's confident about the deal's chances, but a decent number of Democratic lawmakers continue to oppose it -- so ratification is far from assured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably absent from the deal is China, Asia’s largest economy, which already has free trade agreements with many of the TPP countries. It could, though, potentially\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/business/international/once-concerned-china-is-quiet-about-trans-pacific-trade-deal.html?_r=0\"> sign on in the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What’s covered in the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The deal is literally \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">thousands of pages long\u003c/a>, and leisure reading it ain’t. So unless you’re game to scrutinize the whole thing, here are some key details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tariffs - \u003c/strong>The TPP would reduce or eliminate tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) among signatory countries, making it easier and cheaper for those countries to trade with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental and labor standards -\u003c/strong> The TPP also addresses a host of issues that are less obviously trade-related, from illegal fishing to climate change to labor rights. For instance, it includes efforts to reduce forced labor, illegally traded plants and animals, and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intellectual property rights\u003c/strong>. The United States has pushed for stricter international enforcement of intellectual property rights, like patents and trademarks. Right now, U.S. law provides for longer copyright terms (life + 70 years) than most of the other TPP countries. The TPP would require those other countries to lengthen their copyright terms to match the U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investor-state dispute settlement. \u003c/strong>These measures would, under certain circumstances, allow a private company to take legal action against the government of another member state. Let’s say, for example, that the Canadian government bans a certain pesticide because of environmental concerns. A U.S, chemical company that manufactures that pesticide could potentially sue the Canadian government to recover financial losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read a more detailed rundown of provisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44278.pdf\">here\u003c/a>, or the full text \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7gBfiQQAuwQ\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who supports the deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration has pushed hard for the deal, arguing that it will \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\">strengthen the U.S. economy\u003c/a> and help increase American exports to fast-growing Asian economies. If it takes effect, the TPP would be a powerful demonstration of the administration’s “pivot to Asia,” and a major foreign policy \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/15/world/asia/the-trans-pacific-trade-deal-and-a-presidents-legacy.html\">legacy\u003c/a> for the president. Interestingly, many Republican leaders in Congress who don’t usually agree with the president on much of anything also support the TPP. There’s actually more support in Congress from Republicans than from Democrats on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of \u003ca href=\"http://tppcoalition.org/about/\">business leaders\u003c/a> are also pushing for the deal, including many of America’s largest corporations: Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Walmart, Boeing, Coca Cola, Disney, Pfizer, Microsoft, Facebook, and many others. Entertainment and drug companies – like Disney and Pfizer – like the deal’s stringent intellectual property protections, while retailers and manufacturers – like Walmart and Boeing – want to be able to more easily sell their products in Asian markets. The deal could yield $78 billion in annual income gains for the U.S. – and global income gains of $295 billion annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb12-16.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more controversial question, however, is how the deal would impact U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority of Americans have a generally \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/190427/american-public-opinion-foreign-trade.aspx\">positive\u003c/a> view of free trade, according to several recent surveys. But the same polls also show real concern about the impact free trade can have on U.S. jobs. Along those lines, anti-trade rhetoric on the campaign trail often resonates strongly with those struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who opposes it?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>This is one of the few issues that Donald Trump supporters and liberal Democrats actually seem to agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both oppose the deal, but with very different levels of fervor. Trump has called it \"\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/File:TrumpTPP,_2015-10-05_at_9.50.56_PM.png\">terrible deal\u003c/a>\" that would be a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891\">death blow\u003c/a> for American manufacturing.\" For Clinton, the issue is more nuanced. After initially wavering, she announced last fall that the final version of the agreement \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/13/the-oct-13-democratic-debate-who-said-what-and-what-it-means/\">did not meet her standards\u003c/a>. However, as Secretary of State in the Obama Administration, she \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/11/200565.htm\">supported\u003c/a> the initial workings of the deal. And that’s a big reason why some Bernie Sanders supporters don’t trust her on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of left-leaning Democratic leaders -- notably Sanders and Elizabeth Warren -- strongly oppose the TPP on economic grounds. One of the main points of contention is that the deal was negotiated secretly; few knew what was on the table until after it had been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor and environmental groups are also generally skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Trade/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP\">AFL-CIO\u003c/a> argues that the TPP focuses more on increasing corporate profits than on protecting American jobs and wages, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/TPP-2013-09.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research makes the case that the TPP could actually increase income inequality. Unions are worried that the deal will make it easier for U.S. companies to move jobs out of the country to places where labor and production costs are much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"http://action.sierraclub.org/site/DocServer/TPP_Enviro_Analysis.pdf?docID=14842\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and a number of other green groups say that the deal’s environmental regulations are too weak. And other activists have voiced concern that the deal’s stronger intellectual property laws could \u003ca href=\"http://www.msfaccess.org/spotlight-on/trans-pacific-partnership-agreement\">limit access to generic drugs\u003c/a> in developing countries and restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp\">internet freedom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211684101&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How similar is the TPP to NAFTA?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade deal between the U.S., Mexico and Canada that took effect in 1994, under President Bill Clinton. The agreement got rid of most tariffs on goods traded between the three countries. It’s similar to the TPP, but much smaller in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the TPP, NAFTA was highly contested when it passed, and Americans have \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/us/twenty-years-later-nafta-remains-a-source-of-tension.html\">continued\u003c/a> to disagree about its costs and benefits. Those who believe NAFTA has been good for the United States, argue that the TPP will expand \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/12/11/qa-explaining-the-trans-pacific-partnership-talks/\">those benefits\u003c/a>; those who think NAFTA’s impact has been detrimental, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenation.com/article/168627/nafta-steroids\">argue\u003c/a> it'll just make things that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, President Obama has tried to make the case that the TPP is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/04/23/chart-week-how-trans-pacific-partnership-improves-nafta\">different and better than NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tease out the exact impact that NAFTA's had on the U.S. economy. After it took effect, trade among the three countries did increase, and some U.S. manufacturing moved to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service comes to a muted \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf\">conclusion\u003c/a>: in the end, NAFTA “did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/wto-protest3.jpg\" alt=\"WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999.\" width=\"444\" height=\"286\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999. \u003ccite>(Photo by Al Crespo, courtesy University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the years since NAFTA was passed, trade deals have continued to stir up strong emotions. In 1999, some \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/WTO-riots-in-Seattle-15-years-ago-5915088.php\">40,000 protestors\u003c/a> set up camp around the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The activists there included many of the groups that opposed NAFTA and that now oppose the TPP – unions, environmental groups, and consumer protection organizations. The event became known as the “Battle in Seattle,” after a series of serious clashes between protestors and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And finally ... why should I care about any of this?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Let’s be honest: there’s nothing too sexy about international trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, we live in a globalized world. And if you buy stuff on a regular basis, you're probably more affected by international trade agreements than you might realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of products we purchase -- from cars to clothing, computers to smartphones, even lots of foods -- are manufactured (or grown) through a vast global production process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade deals can make it easier or harder for companies to produce things -- impacting jobs, pay, working conditions, and the price tag of products once they hit the store … like that shiny new iPhone you’ve been eyeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike those painfully dull 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century trade deals you likely snoozed through in history class, modern-day trade agreements address all kinds of controversial political issues that hardly seem connected to trade at all, like climate change, collective bargaining rights, music piracy -- even rules about how your online data is stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1469894633,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://w.soundcloud.com/player/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1747},"headData":{"title":"EXPLAINER: What's the Deal with the TPP? | KQED","description":"https://youtu.be/y1uZcXsf8fs UPDATED July 29, 2016","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"18609 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=18609","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/","disqusTitle":"EXPLAINER: What's the Deal with the TPP?","audioUrl":"https://soundcloud.com/matthewgreen-4/krishna-interview","path":"/lowdown/18609/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y1uZcXsf8fs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y1uZcXsf8fs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED July 29, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you watched any part of the Democratic National Convention this week, you probably noticed a small but visible group of attendees protesting something called the “TPP.” Some held signs and banners. Some even heckled during various speeches, including President Obama’s address Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of discontent is a massive trade deal called the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a plan spearheaded by the Obama Administration that would set new trade rules between the United States and other eleven Pacific Rim nations. It has yet to be approved by Congress, and both major party nominees say they oppose the deal. The issue nevertheless has become a flashpoint in this year’s presidential campaign, particularly among some ardent supporters of former candidate Bernie Sanders, who remain suspicious of Hillary Clinton’s intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why all the drama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make some sense of it, we’ve put together a quick guide to the TPP. If you have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to leave us a comment – we’ll do our best to get back to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What is the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The TPP is a trade agreement between the United States and 11 other Pacific-Rim nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. The deal would reduce trade costs between these 12 countries, which are collectively responsible for about 40 percent of global GDP and roughly a third of global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18638 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\" alt=\"Congressional Research Bureau\" width=\"641\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB-400x510.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congressional Research Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After five years of negotiations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN0VD08S\">the agreement\u003c/a> was agreed to and signed in February by representatives of all 12 member nations. But the deal can't go into effect until at least six of them individually ratify it -- and the U.S. and Japan must be included (because of the size of their economies)\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> In other words, if either Japanese or U.S. lawmakers fail to approve it, the TPP is dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/what-the-tpp-means-for-japan/\">divided\u003c/a> about the merits of the deal, and unlikely to vote on it before 2017. And in the United States, Congress probably won't take it up until after the election. President Obama has said he's confident about the deal's chances, but a decent number of Democratic lawmakers continue to oppose it -- so ratification is far from assured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably absent from the deal is China, Asia’s largest economy, which already has free trade agreements with many of the TPP countries. It could, though, potentially\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/business/international/once-concerned-china-is-quiet-about-trans-pacific-trade-deal.html?_r=0\"> sign on in the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What’s covered in the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The deal is literally \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">thousands of pages long\u003c/a>, and leisure reading it ain’t. So unless you’re game to scrutinize the whole thing, here are some key details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tariffs - \u003c/strong>The TPP would reduce or eliminate tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) among signatory countries, making it easier and cheaper for those countries to trade with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental and labor standards -\u003c/strong> The TPP also addresses a host of issues that are less obviously trade-related, from illegal fishing to climate change to labor rights. For instance, it includes efforts to reduce forced labor, illegally traded plants and animals, and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intellectual property rights\u003c/strong>. The United States has pushed for stricter international enforcement of intellectual property rights, like patents and trademarks. Right now, U.S. law provides for longer copyright terms (life + 70 years) than most of the other TPP countries. The TPP would require those other countries to lengthen their copyright terms to match the U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investor-state dispute settlement. \u003c/strong>These measures would, under certain circumstances, allow a private company to take legal action against the government of another member state. Let’s say, for example, that the Canadian government bans a certain pesticide because of environmental concerns. A U.S, chemical company that manufactures that pesticide could potentially sue the Canadian government to recover financial losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read a more detailed rundown of provisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44278.pdf\">here\u003c/a>, or the full text \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7gBfiQQAuwQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7gBfiQQAuwQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Who supports the deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration has pushed hard for the deal, arguing that it will \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\">strengthen the U.S. economy\u003c/a> and help increase American exports to fast-growing Asian economies. If it takes effect, the TPP would be a powerful demonstration of the administration’s “pivot to Asia,” and a major foreign policy \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/15/world/asia/the-trans-pacific-trade-deal-and-a-presidents-legacy.html\">legacy\u003c/a> for the president. Interestingly, many Republican leaders in Congress who don’t usually agree with the president on much of anything also support the TPP. There’s actually more support in Congress from Republicans than from Democrats on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of \u003ca href=\"http://tppcoalition.org/about/\">business leaders\u003c/a> are also pushing for the deal, including many of America’s largest corporations: Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Walmart, Boeing, Coca Cola, Disney, Pfizer, Microsoft, Facebook, and many others. Entertainment and drug companies – like Disney and Pfizer – like the deal’s stringent intellectual property protections, while retailers and manufacturers – like Walmart and Boeing – want to be able to more easily sell their products in Asian markets. The deal could yield $78 billion in annual income gains for the U.S. – and global income gains of $295 billion annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb12-16.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more controversial question, however, is how the deal would impact U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority of Americans have a generally \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/190427/american-public-opinion-foreign-trade.aspx\">positive\u003c/a> view of free trade, according to several recent surveys. But the same polls also show real concern about the impact free trade can have on U.S. jobs. Along those lines, anti-trade rhetoric on the campaign trail often resonates strongly with those struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who opposes it?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>This is one of the few issues that Donald Trump supporters and liberal Democrats actually seem to agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both oppose the deal, but with very different levels of fervor. Trump has called it \"\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/File:TrumpTPP,_2015-10-05_at_9.50.56_PM.png\">terrible deal\u003c/a>\" that would be a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891\">death blow\u003c/a> for American manufacturing.\" For Clinton, the issue is more nuanced. After initially wavering, she announced last fall that the final version of the agreement \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/13/the-oct-13-democratic-debate-who-said-what-and-what-it-means/\">did not meet her standards\u003c/a>. However, as Secretary of State in the Obama Administration, she \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/11/200565.htm\">supported\u003c/a> the initial workings of the deal. And that’s a big reason why some Bernie Sanders supporters don’t trust her on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of left-leaning Democratic leaders -- notably Sanders and Elizabeth Warren -- strongly oppose the TPP on economic grounds. One of the main points of contention is that the deal was negotiated secretly; few knew what was on the table until after it had been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor and environmental groups are also generally skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Trade/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP\">AFL-CIO\u003c/a> argues that the TPP focuses more on increasing corporate profits than on protecting American jobs and wages, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/TPP-2013-09.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research makes the case that the TPP could actually increase income inequality. Unions are worried that the deal will make it easier for U.S. companies to move jobs out of the country to places where labor and production costs are much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"http://action.sierraclub.org/site/DocServer/TPP_Enviro_Analysis.pdf?docID=14842\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and a number of other green groups say that the deal’s environmental regulations are too weak. And other activists have voiced concern that the deal’s stronger intellectual property laws could \u003ca href=\"http://www.msfaccess.org/spotlight-on/trans-pacific-partnership-agreement\">limit access to generic drugs\u003c/a> in developing countries and restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp\">internet freedom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211684101&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How similar is the TPP to NAFTA?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade deal between the U.S., Mexico and Canada that took effect in 1994, under President Bill Clinton. The agreement got rid of most tariffs on goods traded between the three countries. It’s similar to the TPP, but much smaller in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the TPP, NAFTA was highly contested when it passed, and Americans have \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/us/twenty-years-later-nafta-remains-a-source-of-tension.html\">continued\u003c/a> to disagree about its costs and benefits. Those who believe NAFTA has been good for the United States, argue that the TPP will expand \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/12/11/qa-explaining-the-trans-pacific-partnership-talks/\">those benefits\u003c/a>; those who think NAFTA’s impact has been detrimental, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenation.com/article/168627/nafta-steroids\">argue\u003c/a> it'll just make things that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, President Obama has tried to make the case that the TPP is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/04/23/chart-week-how-trans-pacific-partnership-improves-nafta\">different and better than NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tease out the exact impact that NAFTA's had on the U.S. economy. After it took effect, trade among the three countries did increase, and some U.S. manufacturing moved to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service comes to a muted \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf\">conclusion\u003c/a>: in the end, NAFTA “did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/wto-protest3.jpg\" alt=\"WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999.\" width=\"444\" height=\"286\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999. \u003ccite>(Photo by Al Crespo, courtesy University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the years since NAFTA was passed, trade deals have continued to stir up strong emotions. In 1999, some \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/WTO-riots-in-Seattle-15-years-ago-5915088.php\">40,000 protestors\u003c/a> set up camp around the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The activists there included many of the groups that opposed NAFTA and that now oppose the TPP – unions, environmental groups, and consumer protection organizations. The event became known as the “Battle in Seattle,” after a series of serious clashes between protestors and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And finally ... why should I care about any of this?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Let’s be honest: there’s nothing too sexy about international trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, we live in a globalized world. And if you buy stuff on a regular basis, you're probably more affected by international trade agreements than you might realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of products we purchase -- from cars to clothing, computers to smartphones, even lots of foods -- are manufactured (or grown) through a vast global production process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade deals can make it easier or harder for companies to produce things -- impacting jobs, pay, working conditions, and the price tag of products once they hit the store … like that shiny new iPhone you’ve been eyeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike those painfully dull 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century trade deals you likely snoozed through in history class, modern-day trade agreements address all kinds of controversial political issues that hardly seem connected to trade at all, like climate change, collective bargaining rights, music piracy -- even rules about how your online data is stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/18609/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained","authors":["8628"],"categories":["lowdown_1","lowdown_2370","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2437","lowdown_2436"],"featImg":"lowdown_18612","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_18193":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_18193","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"18193","score":null,"sort":[1458582497000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"u-s-takes-cuba-off-state-sponsor-of-terrorism-list-heres-how-we-get-here-a-twisted-interactive-timeline","title":"Interactive Timeline: A Brief History of America's Complicated Relationship with Cuba","publishDate":1458582497,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>When President Obama \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/20/471190812/president-obama-touches-down-in-cuba-commencing-a-historic-visit\" target=\"_blank\">touched down in Cuba\u003c/a> on Sunday, he became the first American president to visit the island nation since Calvin Coolidge traveled there 88 years ago.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joined by his family and more than three dozen members of Congress, Obama's historic visit this week is intended to solidify diplomatic ties with Cuba and prevent the U.S. from slipping back into its half-century old policy of isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through this interactive timeline, produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Foreign Relations\u003c/a>, for more about America's long, often tormented relationship with the island nation located just 90 miles south of Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1XmSaU45cO3jezOkcgO1hD_57OSuzvqWon-7oCmzin-I&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Although the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba still stands (only Congress can remove it), the Obama Administration has attempted over the past 15 months to normalize relations by easing restrictions on travel and commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2014, the two nations restored full diplomatic ties for the first time since the Cuban Revolution in 1959, when President Fidel Castro established a revolutionary Socialist state. In May 2015, the U.S. State Department removed Cuba from its\u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2013/224826.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> list of state sponsors of terrorism\u003c/a> (Iran, Syria and Sudan are the only ones still on it). In July, both nations reopened embassies in each others capitals. And just last month, the U.S. and Cuba agreed to restore commercial flights between the two countries for the first time in more than 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After more than three decades, the U.S. State Department removed Cuba from its list of states that sponsor terrorism. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1458688195,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["//cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":7,"wordCount":234},"headData":{"title":"Interactive Timeline: A Brief History of America's Complicated Relationship with Cuba | KQED","description":"After more than three decades, the U.S. State Department removed Cuba from its list of states that sponsor terrorism. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"18193 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=18193","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/03/21/u-s-takes-cuba-off-state-sponsor-of-terrorism-list-heres-how-we-get-here-a-twisted-interactive-timeline/","disqusTitle":"Interactive Timeline: A Brief History of America's Complicated Relationship with Cuba","path":"/lowdown/18193/u-s-takes-cuba-off-state-sponsor-of-terrorism-list-heres-how-we-get-here-a-twisted-interactive-timeline","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When President Obama \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/20/471190812/president-obama-touches-down-in-cuba-commencing-a-historic-visit\" target=\"_blank\">touched down in Cuba\u003c/a> on Sunday, he became the first American president to visit the island nation since Calvin Coolidge traveled there 88 years ago.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joined by his family and more than three dozen members of Congress, Obama's historic visit this week is intended to solidify diplomatic ties with Cuba and prevent the U.S. from slipping back into its half-century old policy of isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll through this interactive timeline, produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Foreign Relations\u003c/a>, for more about America's long, often tormented relationship with the island nation located just 90 miles south of Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1XmSaU45cO3jezOkcgO1hD_57OSuzvqWon-7oCmzin-I&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Although the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba still stands (only Congress can remove it), the Obama Administration has attempted over the past 15 months to normalize relations by easing restrictions on travel and commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2014, the two nations restored full diplomatic ties for the first time since the Cuban Revolution in 1959, when President Fidel Castro established a revolutionary Socialist state. In May 2015, the U.S. State Department removed Cuba from its\u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2013/224826.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> list of state sponsors of terrorism\u003c/a> (Iran, Syria and Sudan are the only ones still on it). In July, both nations reopened embassies in each others capitals. And just last month, the U.S. and Cuba agreed to restore commercial flights between the two countries for the first time in more than 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/18193/u-s-takes-cuba-off-state-sponsor-of-terrorism-list-heres-how-we-get-here-a-twisted-interactive-timeline","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_509","lowdown_1","lowdown_457","lowdown_243","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_556","lowdown_2337","lowdown_557"],"featImg":"lowdown_18205","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_16600":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_16600","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"16600","score":null,"sort":[1426205305000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"three-excellent-interactive-resources-explaining-the-messy-nuclear-talks-with-iran","title":"Confused about Iran? Three Multimedia Resources Explaining the Nuclear Drama","publishDate":1426205305,"format":"aside","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/cWbliF2lsqU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New signs of progress recently emerged In America's seemingly endless nuclear negotiations with Iran, when the financially-strapped Islamic nation agreed to limit its nuclear production and allow outside inspections in exchange for the U.S. lifting its crippling economic sanctions. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the potential for a compromise isn't welcome news for conservative leaders in the U.S. and Israel who have long advocated for a hard line stance against Iran and the grave nuclear threat they believe it poses. Spicing up the drama, Republicans have recently tried to thwart the negotiations through a series of high profile political maneuvers meant to undermine the Obama Administration. Last week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed a joint session of Congress, after a controversial invite from House Speaker John Boehner (and without Obama's approval), urging the U.S. to abandon the administration's proposed nuclear deal and intimating that Obama didn't know what he was doing. And last Monday, 47 Republican senators sent an unprecedented \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1683798/the-letter-senate-republicans-addressed-to-the.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">open letter\u003c/a> to Iranian leaders, suggesting that any nuclear deal made with the Obama Administration would be subject to reversal after the president leaves office in less than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what's all the fuss about? These three resources -- from the NY Times, Associated Press and the Center on Foreign Relations -- do a great job boiling down a, well, potentially radioactive situation. Click the images below to view each interactive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"dek\">NY Times: The Nuclear Talks Explained\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/02/world/middleeast/2015-03-02-iran.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16610\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/NY-Times_Iran-640x517.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"486\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>AP: Iran's Political Structure and Economy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/interactives/2013/iran/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16611\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP.png\" alt=\"AP\" width=\"600\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP.png 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-400x397.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-320x318.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3> Council on Foreign Relations: History and Context\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/interactives/CG_Iran/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16612 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Capture-640x405.png\" alt=\"Capture\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1436971817,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":279},"headData":{"title":"Confused about Iran? Three Multimedia Resources Explaining the Nuclear Drama | KQED","description":"http://www.youtube.com/embed/cWbliF2lsqU New signs of progress recently emerged In America's seemingly endless nuclear negotiations with Iran, when the financially-strapped Islamic nation agreed to limit its nuclear production and allow outside inspections in exchange for the U.S. lifting its crippling economic sanctions. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"16600 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=16600","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/03/12/three-excellent-interactive-resources-explaining-the-messy-nuclear-talks-with-iran/","disqusTitle":"Confused about Iran? Three Multimedia Resources Explaining the Nuclear Drama","path":"/lowdown/16600/three-excellent-interactive-resources-explaining-the-messy-nuclear-talks-with-iran","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/cWbliF2lsqU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/cWbliF2lsqU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>New signs of progress recently emerged In America's seemingly endless nuclear negotiations with Iran, when the financially-strapped Islamic nation agreed to limit its nuclear production and allow outside inspections in exchange for the U.S. lifting its crippling economic sanctions. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the potential for a compromise isn't welcome news for conservative leaders in the U.S. and Israel who have long advocated for a hard line stance against Iran and the grave nuclear threat they believe it poses. Spicing up the drama, Republicans have recently tried to thwart the negotiations through a series of high profile political maneuvers meant to undermine the Obama Administration. Last week, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed a joint session of Congress, after a controversial invite from House Speaker John Boehner (and without Obama's approval), urging the U.S. to abandon the administration's proposed nuclear deal and intimating that Obama didn't know what he was doing. And last Monday, 47 Republican senators sent an unprecedented \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1683798/the-letter-senate-republicans-addressed-to-the.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">open letter\u003c/a> to Iranian leaders, suggesting that any nuclear deal made with the Obama Administration would be subject to reversal after the president leaves office in less than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what's all the fuss about? These three resources -- from the NY Times, Associated Press and the Center on Foreign Relations -- do a great job boiling down a, well, potentially radioactive situation. Click the images below to view each interactive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"dek\">NY Times: The Nuclear Talks Explained\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/02/world/middleeast/2015-03-02-iran.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16610\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/NY-Times_Iran-640x517.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"486\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>AP: Iran's Political Structure and Economy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/interactives/2013/iran/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16611\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP.png\" alt=\"AP\" width=\"600\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP.png 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-400x397.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-320x318.png 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/AP-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3> Council on Foreign Relations: History and Context\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/interactives/CG_Iran/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-16612 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/03/Capture-640x405.png\" alt=\"Capture\" width=\"600\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/16600/three-excellent-interactive-resources-explaining-the-messy-nuclear-talks-with-iran","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_509","lowdown_1","lowdown_2377","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_427","lowdown_428"],"featImg":"lowdown_16616","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_9399":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_9399","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"lowdown","id":"9399","score":null,"sort":[1410482158000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"thems-fighting-words-presidential-battle-rhetoric-since-world-war-ii","title":"Words of Warcraft: How U.S. Presidents -- from FDR to Obama -- Have Made the Case for Military Action","publishDate":1410482158,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"content":"\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nPresident Obama's address on Wednesday authorizing U.S. airstrikes against the Islamic State (a.k.a. ISIL or ISIS) in Syria, was a sobering reminder of the immense power bestowed on the Commander in Chief to single-handedly order military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like his address last September threatening the use of military force against the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad (a threat that never materialized), Obama's most recent speech was the latest in a long history of solemn presidential declarations of war and authorizations of lesser military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since World War II, the United States' increasingly large and powerful military has been quite busy, to say the least, consistently involved in conflicts around the world. In little over half a century, American forces have fought in five all-out wars (Korea, Vietnam, the first war in Iraq, Afghanistan and the second war in Iraq) and been involved in many additional smaller military invasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the abundant collection of scrupulously crafted calls to arms delivered by generations of presidents, many share similar stylistic and rhetorical devices:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A strong justification of action, emphasizing a deep sense of urgency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear-cut dichotomies between forces of good and evil\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An emphasis on American benevolence and exceptionalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A clearly articulated statement about the weightiness of the decision, one only made as a last resort.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An assurance that America's military involvement is grounded in humanitarian intent and will ultimately lead to a lasting peace\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, these lines from Obama's most recent address:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Abroad, American leadership is the one constant in an uncertain world. It is America that has the capacity and the will to mobilize the world against terrorists ... America, our endless blessings bestow an enduring burden. But as Americans, we welcome our responsibility to lead. From Europe to Asia — from the far reaches of Africa to war-torn capitals of the Middle East — we stand for freedom, for justice, for dignity. These are values that have guided our nation since its founding. Tonight, I ask for your support in carrying that leadership forward.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Presidents are also often careful in these addresses to proactively repudiate notions of American imperialism, self-interest and aggression, and to make clear that, far than policing the world, the United States is exercising its military might as a force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts from eight memorable addresses made by a succession of U.S. presidents calling for military action..\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>December 1941: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declares war on Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A date which will live in infamy ,,, As Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures by taken for our defense. But always will our full nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>December 1950: President Harry S. Truman declares war on Korea\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"All the things we believe in are in great danger ... The future of civilization depends on what we do. On what we do now. And in the months ahead.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466278\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>August 1964: President Lyndon Johnson announcing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We still seek no wider war ... I shall immediately request congress to pass a resolution making it clear that our government is united in its determination to take all necessary measures in support of freedom and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia. It is a solemn responsibility to have to order even limited mil. action by forces whose overall strength is as vast and as awesome as those of the united states of America. But it is my considered conviction shared throughout your government that firmness in the right is indispensable today for peace. That firmness will always be measured. It's mission is peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>October 1983: President Ronald Reagan announcing the beginning of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We have taken this decisive action for three reasons. First, and of overriding importance, to protect innocent lives, including up to 1,000 Americans, whose personal safety is of course my paramount concern. Second, to forestall further chaos. And third, to assist in the restoration of conditions of law and order and of governmental institutions ... Let there be no misunderstanding, this collective action has been forced on us by events that have no precedent in the Eastern Caribbean and no place in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466398\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>January 1991: President George H. W. Bush announces the launch of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yesterday after conferring with my senior national security advisers, and following extensive consultations with our coalition partners, Saddam Hussein was given one last chance, set forth in very explicit terms, to do what he should have done more than six months ago ... Once again, this was a decision made only after extensive consultations within our coalition partnership.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>March 1999: President Bill Clinton announces U.S. military intervention in Kosovo\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"By acting now, we are upholding our values, protecting our interests and advancing the cause of peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>March 2003: George W. Bush announces the beginning of another war with Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To all the men and women in the United States Armed Forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. That trust is well placed ... The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>September 2013: President Barack Obama makes a case for military action against the Syrian government\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"My fellow Americans, for nearly seven decades, the United States has been the anchor of global security. This has meant doing more than forging international agreements. It has meant enforcing them. The burdens of leadership are often heavy. But the world's a better place because we have borne them.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1523472503,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1000},"headData":{"title":"Words of Warcraft: How U.S. Presidents -- from FDR to Obama -- Have Made the Case for Military Action | KQED","description":" President Obama's address on Wednesday authorizing U.S. airstrikes against the Islamic State (a.k.a. ISIL or ISIS) in Syria, was a sobering reminder of the immense power bestowed on the Commander in Chief to single-handedly order military action. Like his address last September threatening the use of military force against the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"9399 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=9399","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/09/11/thems-fighting-words-presidential-battle-rhetoric-since-world-war-ii/","disqusTitle":"Words of Warcraft: How U.S. Presidents -- from FDR to Obama -- Have Made the Case for Military Action","path":"/lowdown/9399/thems-fighting-words-presidential-battle-rhetoric-since-world-war-ii","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nPresident Obama's address on Wednesday authorizing U.S. airstrikes against the Islamic State (a.k.a. ISIL or ISIS) in Syria, was a sobering reminder of the immense power bestowed on the Commander in Chief to single-handedly order military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like his address last September threatening the use of military force against the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad (a threat that never materialized), Obama's most recent speech was the latest in a long history of solemn presidential declarations of war and authorizations of lesser military action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since World War II, the United States' increasingly large and powerful military has been quite busy, to say the least, consistently involved in conflicts around the world. In little over half a century, American forces have fought in five all-out wars (Korea, Vietnam, the first war in Iraq, Afghanistan and the second war in Iraq) and been involved in many additional smaller military invasions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the abundant collection of scrupulously crafted calls to arms delivered by generations of presidents, many share similar stylistic and rhetorical devices:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A strong justification of action, emphasizing a deep sense of urgency\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear-cut dichotomies between forces of good and evil\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An emphasis on American benevolence and exceptionalism\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A clearly articulated statement about the weightiness of the decision, one only made as a last resort.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An assurance that America's military involvement is grounded in humanitarian intent and will ultimately lead to a lasting peace\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, these lines from Obama's most recent address:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Abroad, American leadership is the one constant in an uncertain world. It is America that has the capacity and the will to mobilize the world against terrorists ... America, our endless blessings bestow an enduring burden. But as Americans, we welcome our responsibility to lead. From Europe to Asia — from the far reaches of Africa to war-torn capitals of the Middle East — we stand for freedom, for justice, for dignity. These are values that have guided our nation since its founding. Tonight, I ask for your support in carrying that leadership forward.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Presidents are also often careful in these addresses to proactively repudiate notions of American imperialism, self-interest and aggression, and to make clear that, far than policing the world, the United States is exercising its military might as a force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts from eight memorable addresses made by a succession of U.S. presidents calling for military action..\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>December 1941: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declares war on Japan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"A date which will live in infamy ,,, As Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures by taken for our defense. But always will our full nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lK8gYGg0dkE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>December 1950: President Harry S. Truman declares war on Korea\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"All the things we believe in are in great danger ... The future of civilization depends on what we do. On what we do now. And in the months ahead.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466278\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>August 1964: President Lyndon Johnson announcing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam following the Gulf of Tonkin incident\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We still seek no wider war ... I shall immediately request congress to pass a resolution making it clear that our government is united in its determination to take all necessary measures in support of freedom and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia. It is a solemn responsibility to have to order even limited mil. action by forces whose overall strength is as vast and as awesome as those of the united states of America. But it is my considered conviction shared throughout your government that firmness in the right is indispensable today for peace. That firmness will always be measured. It's mission is peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Dx8-ffiYyzA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>October 1983: President Ronald Reagan announcing the beginning of Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We have taken this decisive action for three reasons. First, and of overriding importance, to protect innocent lives, including up to 1,000 Americans, whose personal safety is of course my paramount concern. Second, to forestall further chaos. And third, to assist in the restoration of conditions of law and order and of governmental institutions ... Let there be no misunderstanding, this collective action has been forced on us by events that have no precedent in the Eastern Caribbean and no place in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/standalone/?c4466398\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>January 1991: President George H. W. Bush announces the launch of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yesterday after conferring with my senior national security advisers, and following extensive consultations with our coalition partners, Saddam Hussein was given one last chance, set forth in very explicit terms, to do what he should have done more than six months ago ... Once again, this was a decision made only after extensive consultations within our coalition partnership.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HUBO1dCMqmg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>March 1999: President Bill Clinton announces U.S. military intervention in Kosovo\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"By acting now, we are upholding our values, protecting our interests and advancing the cause of peace.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/rusF4OJzGbo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>March 2003: George W. Bush announces the beginning of another war with Iraq\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"To all the men and women in the United States Armed Forces now in the Middle East, the peace of a troubled world and the hopes of an oppressed people now depend on you. That trust is well placed ... The people you liberate will witness the honorable and decent spirit of the American military.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEHuek0w5e4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>September 2013: President Barack Obama makes a case for military action against the Syrian government\u003c/h4>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"My fellow Americans, for nearly seven decades, the United States has been the anchor of global security. This has meant doing more than forging international agreements. It has meant enforcing them. The burdens of leadership are often heavy. But the world's a better place because we have borne them.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y52LeaK6tHA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/9399/thems-fighting-words-presidential-battle-rhetoric-since-world-war-ii","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_457","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_397","lowdown_412","lowdown_170"],"featImg":"lowdown_9631","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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