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And following his boss' lead, Attorney General Jeff Sessions has shown strong support for helping city police departments revive the controversial tactic, in which officers stop and sometimes search people they think look suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/Stop-and-Frisk-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Stop-and-Frisk Policing (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Advocates say it's a way to stop crime before it happens, particularly in urban areas where it's often most rampant. Opponents, though, counter that it gives police license to racially profile people, and that minority residents are disproportionately targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive explainer, produced by Newsbound's Josh Kalven, explores the evolution of stop-and-frisk policing and the heated legal battles that have long surrounded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1280\" height=\"650\" src=\"//view.stacker.cc/KQEDLowdown/stop_frisk/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","disqusIdentifier":"28059 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=28059","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/10/06/stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":155,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["//view.stacker.cc/KQEDLowdown/stop_frisk/index.html"],"paragraphCount":6},"modified":1582225952,"excerpt":"An interactive history of stop-and-frisk policing practices and the legal battles surrounding it.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"An interactive history of stop-and-frisk policing practices and the legal battles surrounding it.","title":"Stop-and-Frisk: A Brief History of a Controversial Policing Tool (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Stop-and-Frisk: A Brief History of a Controversial Policing Tool (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-10-06T06:00:10-07:00","dateModified":"2020-02-20T11:12:32-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/28059/stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the campaign trail, President Trump repeatedly insisted that \"stop-and-frisk\" policing was among the most effective strategies for driving down violent crime. And following his boss' lead, Attorney General Jeff Sessions has shown strong support for helping city police departments revive the controversial tactic, in which officers stop and sometimes search people they think look suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/08/Stop-and-Frisk-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesson Plan: Stop-and-Frisk Policing (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Advocates say it's a way to stop crime before it happens, particularly in urban areas where it's often most rampant. Opponents, though, counter that it gives police license to racially profile people, and that minority residents are disproportionately targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interactive explainer, produced by Newsbound's Josh Kalven, explores the evolution of stop-and-frisk policing and the heated legal battles that have long surrounded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullWidthWrapper\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"1280\" height=\"650\" src=\"//view.stacker.cc/KQEDLowdown/stop_frisk/index.html?embed=true\" name=\"nb-stack\" class=\"newsbound-embedded\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/28059/stop-and-frisk-a-brief-history-of-a-controversial-policing-tool-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_552","lowdown_2399","lowdown_1","lowdown_2366","lowdown_243"],"tags":["lowdown_2622","lowdown_2337","lowdown_2621"],"featImg":"lowdown_28077","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_22779":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_22779","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"22779","score":null,"sort":[1500937216000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1500937216,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago","title":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>-- Kerner Commission report, 1968\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown!\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Ideas for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Kerner_LessonPlan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kerner Commission Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Primary-Docs_Kerner-and-Ferguson-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary source docs (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,\" more than 100 poor, largely black communities were rocked by violent incidents in 1967. Some labelled them riots, others called them uprisings and rebellions. Erupting primarily in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, the incidents resulted in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest was a reaction to a larger problem: deep-seated anger and hopelessness simmering in many disenfranchised, urban communities where rates of poverty, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly every instance of unrest was ignited by the same kind of spark: an individual local incident involving an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two of the most devastating riots occurred back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Newark and Detroit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In Newark, NJ two white police officers severely beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents rioted in the streets, looting businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and National Guardsmen. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/2n0e3_vD-xE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just two weeks later in \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detroit\u003c/a>, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in the largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked an even more devastating riot. Looters raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 law local and national law enforcement officials, including the National Guard and US Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five bloody, chaotic days, 43 people were killed and more a thousand injured -- mostly black men at the hands of law enforcement. More than 7,000 arrests were made, and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s inner-city in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked Detroit's \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3880177/detroit-race-riots-1943-photos-from-a-city-in-turmoil-during-wwii/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major riot\u003c/a> in just 24 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark and Detroit were not isolated incidents. Two years before, a confrontation between a young black man and a police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rioting\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wealthier, largely white communities increasingly flocked to the suburbs, the remaining inner-city neighborhood were often thrust into deeper states of prolonged economic isolation, Over the following decades, jobs and home values in these areas continued to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep04/w10243.html\">drop\u003c/a> sharply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/qxli_aCSKbg\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>The Kerner Commission\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In the immediate wake of the riots, President Johnson established a bipartisan task force: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,\u003c/a> known as the Kerner Commission, named after its chair, Illinois Governor Otto Kerner. The group was tasked with addressing three major questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\" alt=\"Rioting in Detroit.\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rioting in Detroit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Detroit Free Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: a time of violence and tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not even the sternest police action nor the most effective federal troops can every create lasting peace in our cities. The only genuine long-range solution for what has happened, lies in an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs ... There is simply no other way to achieve a decent and orderly society in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ZoU4cmRULKY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, members of the commission visited inner-city neighborhoods throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers, and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief, and union and industry representatives. Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/Kerner%20Report.htm\">final report\u003c/a> was blunt, and to many Americans, shocking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the riots was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, 'Should we use that word, racism?'\" former Senator Fred Harris (D-Okla.), who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/8073NCJRS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-22815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png\" alt=\"Courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to download part of the original text (Photo courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We felt that it was very important ... to say it. Because what we know is that oppressed people often come to believe about themselves the same bad stereotypes that the dominant society has. Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, 'Well, maybe it's not just me. Maybe I'm not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there's something else going on.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report elaborated on the often explosive relationship between local police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection—one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, many observers believed that the unrest was the work of “\u003ca href=\"blank\">outside agitators\u003c/a>,” radical groups traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission, though, found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans. Although it stopped short of labelling the riots a flat-out rebellion against racial oppression, it underscored that the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting inner city communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list was police brutality, unemployment, and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of sweeping policy recommendations included :\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating two million new jobs and six million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">over two million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a> of the New York Times, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, it all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnson Administration countered that the commission \u003ca href=\"http://backstoryradio.org/2014/10/02/the-report-that-could-have-stopped-ferguson/\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past civil rights legislation, and Johnson later refused to support further research or even meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that in order to improve conditions, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.” But there was little political will to do so, particularly as the nation planted itself deeper into the incredibly costly conflict in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after its publication, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination sparked another string of violent riots in poor, urban communities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>From Kerner to Ferguson\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>After the Michael Brown shooting in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a similar issue. Chaired by Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much smaller in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner findings. The series of recommendations, modest in comparison to the Kerner report, included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identifies racial inequality as the primary problem. But the language and tone is strikingly different: far less piercing, accusatory and urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original members of the Kerner commission may have foreseen this. They concluded their report by quoting the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark\u003ci>. \u003c/i>Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003ci>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/i> – reminded his audience of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965. Testifying before the Kerner Commission, he said, was a kind of Alice in Wonderland experience: he watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"22779 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=22779","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/07/24/uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1758,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356"],"paragraphCount":45},"modified":1590796227,"excerpt":"While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.","title":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Summer of Rage: Lessons from the Race Riots in Detroit and Newark 50 Years Ago","datePublished":"2017-07-24T16:00:16-07:00","dateModified":"2020-05-29T16:50:27-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/22779/uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>-- Kerner Commission report, 1968\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown!\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Ideas for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Kerner_LessonPlan-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kerner Commission Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/Primary-Docs_Kerner-and-Ferguson-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary source docs (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>While the Summer of Love swept through San Francisco 50 years ago this summer, scores of inner-city neighborhoods across the country burned with rage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,\" more than 100 poor, largely black communities were rocked by violent incidents in 1967. Some labelled them riots, others called them uprisings and rebellions. Erupting primarily in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, the incidents resulted in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest was a reaction to a larger problem: deep-seated anger and hopelessness simmering in many disenfranchised, urban communities where rates of poverty, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly every instance of unrest was ignited by the same kind of spark: an individual local incident involving an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And two of the most devastating riots occurred back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Newark and Detroit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In Newark, NJ two white police officers severely beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents rioted in the streets, looting businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and National Guardsmen. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Just two weeks later in \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detroit\u003c/a>, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in the largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked an even more devastating riot. Looters raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 law local and national law enforcement officials, including the National Guard and US Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five bloody, chaotic days, 43 people were killed and more a thousand injured -- mostly black men at the hands of law enforcement. More than 7,000 arrests were made, and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s inner-city in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked Detroit's \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/3880177/detroit-race-riots-1943-photos-from-a-city-in-turmoil-during-wwii/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second major riot\u003c/a> in just 24 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/33221356\" width=\"640\" height=\"368\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark and Detroit were not isolated incidents. Two years before, a confrontation between a young black man and a police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rioting\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As wealthier, largely white communities increasingly flocked to the suburbs, the remaining inner-city neighborhood were often thrust into deeper states of prolonged economic isolation, Over the following decades, jobs and home values in these areas continued to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep04/w10243.html\">drop\u003c/a> sharply.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qxli_aCSKbg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qxli_aCSKbg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>The Kerner Commission\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>In the immediate wake of the riots, President Johnson established a bipartisan task force: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders,\u003c/a> known as the Kerner Commission, named after its chair, Illinois Governor Otto Kerner. The group was tasked with addressing three major questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22824\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg\" alt=\"Rioting in Detroit.\" width=\"500\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/detroit_race_riot_1967-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rioting in Detroit. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Detroit Free Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: a time of violence and tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proclaimed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not even the sternest police action nor the most effective federal troops can every create lasting peace in our cities. The only genuine long-range solution for what has happened, lies in an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs ... There is simply no other way to achieve a decent and orderly society in America.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZoU4cmRULKY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZoU4cmRULKY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the next six months, members of the commission visited inner-city neighborhoods throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers, and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief, and union and industry representatives. Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/documents_us/Kerner%20Report.htm\">final report\u003c/a> was blunt, and to many Americans, shocking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white -- separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the riots was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, 'Should we use that word, racism?'\" former Senator Fred Harris (D-Okla.), who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/8073NCJRS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-22815\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png\" alt=\"Courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/kerner-report.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to download part of the original text (Photo courtesy Bill Moyers Journal\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>We felt that it was very important ... to say it. Because what we know is that oppressed people often come to believe about themselves the same bad stereotypes that the dominant society has. Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, 'Well, maybe it's not just me. Maybe I'm not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there's something else going on.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report elaborated on the often explosive relationship between local police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection—one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, many observers believed that the unrest was the work of “\u003ca href=\"blank\">outside agitators\u003c/a>,” radical groups traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission, though, found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans. Although it stopped short of labelling the riots a flat-out rebellion against racial oppression, it underscored that the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting inner city communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list was police brutality, unemployment, and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of sweeping policy recommendations included :\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating two million new jobs and six million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">over two million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a> of the New York Times, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, it all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Johnson Administration countered that the commission \u003ca href=\"http://backstoryradio.org/2014/10/02/the-report-that-could-have-stopped-ferguson/\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past civil rights legislation, and Johnson later refused to support further research or even meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that in order to improve conditions, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.” But there was little political will to do so, particularly as the nation planted itself deeper into the incredibly costly conflict in Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after its publication, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination sparked another string of violent riots in poor, urban communities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>From Kerner to Ferguson\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>After the Michael Brown shooting in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a similar issue. Chaired by Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much smaller in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner findings. The series of recommendations, modest in comparison to the Kerner report, included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identifies racial inequality as the primary problem. But the language and tone is strikingly different: far less piercing, accusatory and urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original members of the Kerner commission may have foreseen this. They concluded their report by quoting the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark\u003ci>. \u003c/i>Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003ci>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/i> – reminded his audience of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965. Testifying before the Kerner Commission, he said, was a kind of Alice in Wonderland experience: he watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/22779/uprising-lessons-from-the-race-riots-of-1967","authors":["8628","1263"],"categories":["lowdown_245","lowdown_2390","lowdown_2399","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2548","lowdown_2460","lowdown_2549"],"featImg":"lowdown_22772","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_25219":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_25219","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"25219","score":null,"sort":[1485806432000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1485806432,"format":"quote","disqusTitle":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","title":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"25219 https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=25219","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2017/01/30/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":4936,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":94},"modified":1544570857,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9","title":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan) | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Trump's First 100 Days: What He Wants to Do; What He Can Do (with Lesson Plan)","datePublished":"2017-01-30T12:00:32-08:00","dateModified":"2018-12-11T15:27:37-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","status":"publish","customPermalink":"2017/01/24/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan/","path":"/lowdown/25219/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Last updated Thursday, Feb. 9\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trump-100-Days-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lesson Plan: Trump's First 100 Days (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The recent changes to the official White House website speak volumes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The morning of President Trump’s inauguration, the \u003ca href=\"http://The%20morning%20of%20President%20Trump%E2%80%99s%20inauguration,%20multiple%20pages%20outlining%20official%20policy%20and%20priorities%20on%20the%20White%20House%20website%20were%20removed%20or%20replaced%20with%20new%20text.%20Those%20pages%20include%20information%20about%20LGBT%20rights,%20civil%20rights,%20law%20enforcement%20and%20climate%20change.%20It%E2%80%99s%20not%20unusual%20for%20an%20incoming%20administration%20to%20change%20material%20on%20the%20Whitehouse.gov%20site.%20But%20it%E2%80%99s%20also%20a%20window%20into%20the%20new%20president%E2%80%99s%20priorities%20and%20how%20he%20might%20frame%20various%20solutions%20to%20the%20nation%E2%80%99s%20problems.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pages \u003c/a>on Whitehouse.gov outlining the president's official policy stances on civil rights, immigration and health care all vanished into cyberspace. So, too, did the page on combating \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-record/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a>. In fact, there's no longer a single mention of \"climate change\" on the entire site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping website edits are indicative of a seismic shift away from Obama administration policies, and they provide some insight into what Trump is likely to push for in his first 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first 100 days of a new administration have been the symbolic time frame for new administrations to set clear policy agendas. Traditionally, presidents have come to office on a wave of public goodwill, which makes it easier to quickly start fulfilling campaign promises. Trump, however, lost the popular vote and enters the White House with the lowest public approval ratings in recent history. Nevertheless, his administration has wasted no time in beginning to plow through an ambitious set of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/11/29/the-power-of-executive-action-what-trump-can-and-cant-do-in-his-first-100-days-with-lesson-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RELATED: Executive actions explained\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, President Donald Trump vowed to undo major parts of the Obama administration’s domestic and foreign policy actions, from repealing most of Obamacare and scrapping recent gun control rules to undoing immigration reforms and eliminating various environmental regulations. He reiterated these intentions in his \u003ca href=\"https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf\">Contract with the American Voter\u003c/a>, a plan released in October charting the first 100 days of his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump is in the White House, he has tremendous leverage to quickly fulfill many of these campaign promises. Some he can\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/11/21/us/politics/what-trump-wants-to-do-in-his-first-100-days-and-how-difficult-each-will-be.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> put in place immediately\u003c/a> through executive action, with the mere stroke of a pen. For priorities that involve spending measures or the repeal of already enacted legislation, he needs support from Congress. And fortunately for him, both houses are controlled by Republicans eager to confirm his Cabinet nominees, support his agenda and approve his soon-to-be announced Supreme Court pick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click the issues in this interactive to learn more about some of the major policy issues on the table, and how Trump can shape them in his first 100 days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out what young people think about these and other key issues, check out the\u003ca href=\"https://letters2president.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Letters to the Next President\u003c/a> archive.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca id=\"unique-identifier1\" href=\"#yellow\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center\">The Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23334 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/nationalsecurity.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/economy-1.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Immigration1.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25258\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png\" alt=\"womensrights\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1.png 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/womensrights-1-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Healthcare1.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-25297\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/environment_energy.png\" alt=\"Climate Change\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/CriminalJustice1.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/GunControl1.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/HigherEducation1.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>GUN CONTROL\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings make up only a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency, including a June 2016 rampage at an Orlando nightclub that killed 49 people, the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Democratic efforts to enact stricter gun control regulations, congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked any new legislation. There is, however, strong public support for gun control measures. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\">2016 CNN poll\u003c/a>, 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent said they want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association -- which endorsed Trump -- remains huge, effectively killing almost all efforts for stricter gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump called gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He says he's opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed in all 50 states. He's also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama's executive actions on guns he enacted after the December 2015 San Bernardino mass shooting -- in lieu of congressional action -- that marginally expand background checks and help to crack down on illegal online gun sales. Trump has also advocated for eliminating gun-free zones in schools and on military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his campaign website, Trump stated that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He's also claimed that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>WOMEN'S RIGHTS\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court's landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision protecting a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans are still deeply divided on the issue. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June 2016, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers, a major victory for abortion rights advocates. In its 5-3 decision, the court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he adopted the anti-abortion stance of the Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first week in office, just days after massive women's marches took place around the world, Trump signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/23/trump-reverses-abortion-related-policy-to-ban-funding-to-international-health-groups/?utm_term=.f2c063cddee0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive action\u003c/a> blocking any foreign aid or federal funding for international organizations that provide or \"promote\" abortions. The ban had previously been put in place by President George W. Bush and removed by President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also pledging to make more permanent changes to federal abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, most notably to the Supreme Court, who could further weaken abortion restrictions. He has, however, strayed from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/17/planned-parenthood-allies-ready-battle-over-government-funding/96463008/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal funding for Planned Parenthood\u003c/a>, a national reproductive health organization that provides low-cost abortions and birth control, may also be on the chopping block as part of the Republicans' effort to repeal Obamacare. Vice President Mike Pence, a vocal anti-abortion advocate, has previously pushed for de-funding the organization. And as governor of Indiana, Pence signed into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for women seeking abortions and for the medical facilities providing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy was one of the most contentious issues in the 2016 election, and a cornerstone of Trump's campaign. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up about 13 percent of the nation’s total population. Just over \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented; living here without legal status . This population has actually slightly decreased in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it's unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, 75 percent of respondents said that undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All legislative efforts to enact comprehensive immigration reform have stalled in Congress in recent years. In lieu of legislation, the Obama administration took a series of executive actions protecting undocumented young people and their parents, who meet certain conditions, from being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2016, however, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning several of these executive actions that would have provided protection to nearly 5 million undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a record \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.5 million people\u003c/a> were deported during Obama's presidency, more than any other administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Tough talk on immigration has been a signature part of the Trump campaign since day one, and as president he now has broad powers to influence policy. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they're not sending their best ... They're bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, he repeatedly promised to eliminate \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/24/news/economy/daca-undocumented-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, one of Obama's surviving executive actions, which he can now fulfill on his own without congressional approval. \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DACA\u003c/a> currently protects about 750,000 undocumented young people -- known as the DREAMers -- from deportation, allowing them to obtain driver's licenses, enroll in college and get jobs. Those who voluntarily registered with the government in order to participate in the program would become vulnerable to deportation if Trump follows through on his threat to get rid of it. As of his first week in office, it was still not clear if he would take action on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although as a candidate, Trump initially pledged to deport all 11 million undocumented residents, he's since scaled back that threat, and now says the focus will primarily be on immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his most provocative talking points on the campaign trail was the promise to build a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with Mexico footing the estimated $10 billion bill. He also threatened to defund so-called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a>, those jurisdictions around the country that are generally unwilling to assist with local federal immigration enforcement efforts (including, interestingly, Washington, D.C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 25, in his first week in office, Trump addressed both of these issues, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/25/politics/donald-trump-build-wall-immigration-executive-orders/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signing a set of executive orders\u003c/a> calling for the construction of the border wall (which would still require congressional approval to pay for most of it) as well as beefing up border patrol and immigration enforcement. The following day, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto abruptly cancelled his planned meeting with Trump, a move that further heightened tensions and prompted Trump's press secretary to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexican-president-cancels-visit-to-washington-as-tensions-with-trump-administration-intensify/2017/01/26/ececc3da-e3d9-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html?utm_term=.e667a788ed2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce\u003c/a> that the wall would be funded through a a 20-percent tax imposed on all imports from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders also expand the criteria of undocumented immigrants who could be targets for deportation. And it threatens to cut off federal grant funding from sanctuary cities who don't comply with enforcement efforts, a move that, if enforced, will \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/dec/01/bill-de-blasio/new-york-city-mayor-says-president-cant-defund-san/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likely result in major legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A nation without borders is not a nation, and today the United States of America gets back control of its borders,\" Trump signed upon signing the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">initially called\u003c/a> for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.\" Closer to the election, he marginally softened his stance, instead proposing a temporary ban on refugees entering the United States, particularly those from Muslim countries with terrorist activity, who he insisted should be subject to \"extreme vetting.\" He also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/12/21/trump-on-the-future-of-proposed-muslim-ban-registry-you-know-my-plans/?utm_term=.68d2477aa04a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed creating a registry\u003c/a> of Muslims living in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-25457\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/01/Trumps_Ban.png\" alt=\"Trumps_Ban\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>In keeping with his promise, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/trump-refugee-plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">controversial executive order\u003c/a> on Jan. 27 aimed at “protecting the nation from foreign terrorist entry into the United States.” It imposes several sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/us/politics/refugee-muslim-executive-order-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">immigration-related measures\u003c/a>, including a 90-day ban on entry from seven \"terror-prone\" majority-Muslim countries: Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, Libya and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the order suspends admission of all refugees into the United States for 120 days to allow for a thorough \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/11/20/us/why-it-takes-two-years-for-syrian-refugees-to-apply-to-enter-the-united-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the screening process\u003c/a>. After that period, refugee entry can then resume, but only for countries that satisfy U.S. security requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order caps the total number of admissions at 50,000 for the 2017 fiscal year, less than half the number admitted by Obama the previous year. Just since October -- the start of the 2017 fiscal year -- nearly 30,000 refugees have already entered the United States, leaving just over 20,000 refugee admission spots available for the next eight months. It also orders Homeland Security to prioritize refugee applications for people from religious minority groups, who in many of the Muslim-majority countries under consideration, are predominantly Christian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also suspends all Syrian refugees from entering the country until the administration determines that their admission would be “consistent with the national interest,\" a dramatic departure from Obama's resettlement program that admitted 10,000 Syrian refugees in the 2016 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington State and Minnesota quickly filed suit, challenging the legality of Trump's order. On Feb. 3, a U.S. district judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/us-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-travel-ban-nationwide/2017/02/03/e4888a4a-ea6d-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html?pushid=breaking-news_1486181330&tid=notifi_push_breaking-news&utm_term=.34acdf9a7f9a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the seven-nation ban, allowing travelers with valid visas to resume entering the country. The ruling was immediately appealed by the administration but quickly upheld by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/us/politics/appeals-court-trump-travel-ban.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news\">unanimous decision\u003c/a> announced on Thursday, Feb. 9. The case will likely make its way to U.S. Supreme Court soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per the court's ruling, the United States will, for now, continue admitting new refugees, but many fewer than before. Under President Obama it was on pace to resettle 110,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 (October 2016 - September 2017). Trump's recent actions, however, reduce the yearly refugee cap to 50,000, a part of the executive order that has not been challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, roughly 716 for every 100,000 people, the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for nonviolent drug offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans and Latinos make up a disproportionate percentage of inmates. Because of the system’s astronomical costs, prison reform is actually one of the few issues where Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, nonviolent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race, although they've responded very differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prison Policy Initiative: \"Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America\" (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> World Prison Brief - Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue, but he's long pledged to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and \"restore law and order,\" priorities supported by Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala), his nominee for attorney general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump frequently makes the claim that crime has been rapidly increasing, reaching near-crisis levels. He's referred to America's inner cities as \"war zones.\" And although the U.S. murder rate and overall violent crime rate \u003cem>did\u003c/em> rise between 2014 and 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2015-crime-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the FBI\u003c/a>, those rates are still significantly lower than they were in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has expressed strong support for law enforcement, promising to defend them and claiming that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> police are far too often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood.” He's made clear that he fully intends to reverse course from Obama's Justice Department, which conducted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">numerous investigations\u003c/a> of discriminatory practices in some of the nation's largest police departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also shown support for private prisons, and will likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/04/508048666/will-the-private-prison-business-see-a-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reverse a recent decision\u003c/a> made by Obama's Justice Department to phase out their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ECONOMY AND TRADE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trump inherits an economy in much better shape than the one Obama took on eight years ago. It's been slowly but consistently rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, with rising home prices, prolonged job growth and unemployment dipping below 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump successfully keyed into the economic frustration many working-class Americans continue to feel, promising populist reforms to bring back manufacturing jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his \u003ci>America First \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bringing-back-jobs-and-growth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economic plan,\u003c/a> he's pledged to shrink government and roll back regulations (which he says cost the U.S. more than $2 trillion in 2015, an unsubstantiated claim). In his first week, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/01/23/trump-freezes-federal-hiring/?utm_term=.ec1932b80379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed an executive action\u003c/a> initiating a hiring freeze on all federal employees (except the military).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a meeting with business leaders during his first week, he pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/24/511341779/president-trump-to-cut-regulations-by-75-percent-how-real-is-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">make America more business-friendly\u003c/a> by cutting regulations by 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna be cutting regulation massively,\" he said. \"The problem with the regulation that we have right now is that you can't do anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 30, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-regulations-idUSKBN15E1QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump signed an executive order\u003c/a> to do just that, requiring federal agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new rule introduced, and setting an annual cap on the cost of new regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several days later, he signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/03/presidential-executive-order-core-principles-regulating-united-states\">two directives\u003c/a> ordering the rollback of key Obama-era financial regulations, including a plan to weaken the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which placed restrictions on Wall Street banks after the 2008 financial meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also called for dramatically simplifying the tax code to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501739277/who-benefits-from-donald-trumps-tax-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-income-tier plan \u003c/a>(there are currently seven tiers), a move that would significantly lower tax rates for top income earners. He insists that the plan would reduce taxes for everyone (\u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000924-an-analysis-of-donald-trumps-revised-tax-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a claim that's been disputed\u003c/a>) and help create 25 million new American jobs in the next decade, with 4 percent annual economic growth. In the coming months, his administration will draft a tax plan and federal budget (with lots of program cuts) for Congress to consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long been outspoken on trade policy, promising protectionist policies that increase tariffs on large trading partners like China and Mexico, and penalizing American industries that move their factories overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, he called for withdrawing from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a 12-nation trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration,that he once \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\">attacked\u003c/a> as “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.\" In his first week in office, Trump made good on this promise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/23/okay-the-trans-pacific-partnership-is-dead-what-was-it/?utm_term=.4392203d8b5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issuing an executive action\u003c/a> withdrawing from the deal and effectively it dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/trade-deals-working-all-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">promised to renegotiate\u003c/a> the North American Free Trade Agreement and establish terms more favorable to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, he's called for a bill to spend $1 trillion on infrastructure projects over 10 years. \u003cspan class=\"fact-checked\">\"We will build new roads and highways and bridges and airports and tunnels and railways all across our wonderful nation,\" he pledged during his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/20/510629447/watch-live-president-trumps-inauguration-ceremony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inauguration address\u003c/a>. But the d\u003c/span>etails on where that money will come from and how it will be spent have been vague, aside from his plan to generate public-private partnerships and encourage private investment through generous tax credits. Infrastructure projects are actually among the few priorities that Trump and congressional Democrats agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in the campaign, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to \"at least $10,\" but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism remains a major concern. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to deploy more American troops on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In his inauguration address, Trump said: \"We will reinforce old alliances and form new ones and unite the civilized world against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the earth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the specifics of how he intends to destroy the Islamic State and other terrorist groups is still largely unclear. At a \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign rally in July\u003c/a>, Trump called for increasing attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like \u003cspan class=\"st\">Guantanamo\u003c/span> (which Obama tried to close) and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump was outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they were far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">campaign speech last June,\u003c/a> Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace.” He's taken a more isolationist stance, repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/15/world/europe/donald-trump-nato.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticizing the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)\u003c/a>, arguing that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should invest heavily to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/making-our-military-strong-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"rebuild\" its military\u003c/a>, ensuring America's continued position as the world's foremost superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within his first week in office, the Trump administration also \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/25/us/politics/document-Trump-draft-executive-order-on-detention-and.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produced a draft executive order\u003c/a> (although not yet finalized or signed) that would lift a series of detainee restrictions imposed by Obama. Trump's order includes reauthorizing the use of CIA secret prisons, sending new detainees to the Guantánamo Bay prison (which Obama tried to close) and removing certain restrictions on how detainees can be treated and interrogated, a move underscoring his insistence that \"torture works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try to make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions -- even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest carbon emitters\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump still disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. As a candidate he called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pledged\u003c/a> to cut environmental regulations, rescind President Obama’s Clean Power Plan intended to significantly reduce carbon emissions, increase coal mining and domestic oil and gas drilling, and overhaul what he's called the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency (a move he's shown a willingness to follow through on with his pick of staunch EPA critic and climate skeptic \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4635162/scott-pruitt-science-denial/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> to head the agency).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear if the administration will pull out of the Paris climate deal; Trump says he has an open mind about it and his Secretary of State pick Rex Tillerson has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/america-first-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed support for it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration's \"American First Energy Plan\" calls for \"eliminating harmful and unnecessary\" environmental regulations to open the door for increased domestic oil, gas and coal production.In an early commitment to this plan, Trump in his first week issued executive actions to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/24/us/politics/keystone-dakota-pipeline-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revive construction\u003c/a> of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipelines, two highly controversial projects that were halted by the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act -- or Obamacare as it’s known -- was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some 7 million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and has long pledged to overturn it. On his campaign site, he called the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He says he aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing health care to undocumented immigrants costs billions annually and that mass deportation would\" relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In line with the Republican establishment, Trump is pushing to \"repeal and replace\" Obamacare (which would have to be done through Congress). More than 20 million people are insured through Obamacare, and Trump and other Republican leaders have pledged to come up with a replacement that allows them all to retain their coverage. The details of what that replacement would be, though, are still very unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Trump's first day in office, he signed his \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/upshot/what-does-the-order-against-the-health-law-actually-do.html\">first executive order\u003c/a>in an effort to chip away at Obamacare by directing federal officials to use all their authority to “provide greater flexibility to states” on the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week before his inauguration, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-vows-insurance-for-everybody-in-obamacare-replacement-plan/2017/01/15/5f2b1e18-db5d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trump-interview-822pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.41419af8226d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump claimed\u003c/a> he was close to completing his plan to replace Obamacare, which he says will provide \"insurance for everybody\" and reduce costs by forcing drug companies to negotiate directly with the government. The plan also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/conway-obamacare-replacement-medicaid-block-grants/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposes converting federal funds\u003c/a> for Medicaid into block grants to states, altering how millions of low-income people receive their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them -- up from 29 million in 2008 -- are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What Trump wants to do ...\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. His education secretary nominee, Betsy DeVos, also revealed very little\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/18/what-we-learned-about-betsy-devoss-higher-education-positions-not-much/?utm_term=.9a1d6a6f105a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> during her Senate confirmation hearings\u003c/a> on how she'd manage an agency that oversees thousands of colleges and universities and trillions of dollars of federal educational loans and grants .\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/25219/trumps-big-agenda-for-his-first-100-days-what-he-wants-to-do-and-what-he-can-do-with-lesson-plan","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_2498","lowdown_2390","lowdown_2362","lowdown_2399","lowdown_2370","lowdown_2365","lowdown_2366","lowdown_2372","lowdown_2397"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2585"],"featImg":"lowdown_24651","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_23048":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_23048","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"23048","score":null,"sort":[1471032210000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1471032210,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"MAP: How the Feds Are Policing the Police in Baltimore and Other Cities Across the Country","title":"MAP: How the Feds Are Policing the Police in Baltimore and Other Cities Across the Country","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nhttps://youtu.be/AN0zYH8dpxU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->The Baltimore Police Department has a long track record of racial discrimination, frequently violating the rights of the city's black residents, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/883366/download\" target=\"_blank\">scathing report\u003c/a> released Wednesday by the U.S. Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation was commissioned in May 2015, following the death of Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old black man who was severely injured during a rough ride in the back of a police van. The incident sparked days of protests and rioting in Baltimore, and led to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/19/us/freddie-gray-baltimore-police.html?module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=U.S.&action=keypress®ion=FixedLeft&pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\">criminal charges against six officers\u003c/a> - three of whom have already been acquitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"r5Y66sIxa2LdgwsW2faiGpKtlhqI0iXc\"]In examining the BPD's policing practices from 2010 to 2015, the DOJ found \"large racial disparities.\" African-Americans make up 63 percent of Baltimore's population, but were charged with 91 percent of all \"discretionary offenses\" (very minor, non-violent infractions) and 82 percent of all traffic stops, according to the report. Nearly half of all pedestrian stops occurred in just two primarily black districts. The report also found that police frequently used excessive force during these stops and unnecessarily escalated encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"BPD’s targeted policing of certain Baltimore neighborhoods with minimal oversight or accountability disproportionately harms African-American residents,\" reads the DOJ's report. \"Racially disparate impact is present at every stage of BPD’s enforcement actions, from the initial decision to stop individuals on Baltimore streets to searches, arrests, and uses of force.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials must now implement a series of\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/baltimore-officials-justice-department-promises-sweeping-overhaul-of-city-police/2016/08/10/f022ded2-5e72-11e6-8e45-477372e89d78_story.html\" target=\"_blank\"> legally mandated reforms\u003c/a> outlined in what's known as a \"consent decree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BPD is among the nearly 70 local police departments nationwide that have been investigated by the DOJ for allegations of brutality, racial bias and other civil rights violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click points on the map below for specific DOJ 14141 investigations of police departments around the country (with data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/themarshallproject/doj14141\" target=\"_blank\">the Marshall Project\u003c/a>.) The map details on-going cases and negotiated settlements (not all 67 cases). Map design by Charu Kukreja and Roland Hansson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[If the map doesn't appear in your browser, view it \u003ca href=\"http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a> in fullscreen mode.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they make up only a tiny percentage of the the roughly 18,000 state and local law enforcement agencies around the country, some of the departments investigated are among the nation's largest, serving nearly one in five Americans, according to one \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2414673\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-19347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg\" alt=\"14141-graphic_full_updated2-1\" width=\"306\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-800x710.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1440x1278.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1180x1048.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-960x852.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\">\u003c/a>DOJ investigations of police forces, from Detroit to the U.S. Virgin Islands, are the outcome of a federal law prompted by a 1991 incident involving Rodney King, an unarmed black man savagely beaten by Los Angeles police officers during a traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/conduct-law-enforcement-agencies\" target=\"_blank\">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act\u003c/a>, enacted three years later, includes a provision -- Section 14141 -- that gives the DOJ authority to investigate systemic civil rights abuses. It's one of the few federal tools that can compel widespread change in local law enforcement agencies, empowering the DOJ to take legal action against a police department unless it enters into a negotiated settlement -- such as a consent decree or memorandum of agreement -- and makes proposed reforms under a specified timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been 67 formal investigations opened under Section 14141 to date. Of those, 22 cases have been closed without an agreement, 33 cases resulted in a negotiated settlement, and 12 cases are ongoing, including four currently in litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactic has its naysayers: some critics call it a blatant form of government overreach that places unrealistic expectations and financial burdens on already cash-strapped local police departments. Some also question its effectiveness, pointing to instances where the DOJ's mandates were ignored or where reform efforts stalled after federal oversight ended, as in the case of Cleveland's department, which has undergone two DOJ investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the DOJ probes, though, point to the numerous examples of success that have led to sustained reforms and significantly improved police-community relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“it’s really hard to judge how effective the monitors are in bringing about reforms,\" notes Stephen Rushin, a professor at the University of Alabama School of Law. \"There's no single police misconduct measure. But it really looks like [there's been] significant progress in cities that have these monitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more, see PBS Frontline's recent investigation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/policing-the-police/\" target=\"_blank\">Policing the Police\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/64IjdGdygAE\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"23048 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=23048","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/08/12/map-how-the-feds-are-policing-the-police-in-baltimore-and-other-departments-around-the-country/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":720,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html","https://www.youtube.com/embed/64IjdGdygAE"],"paragraphCount":19},"modified":1497383732,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":" https://youtu.be/AN0zYH8dpxU","title":"MAP: How the Feds Are Policing the Police in Baltimore and Other Cities Across the Country | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: How the Feds Are Policing the Police in Baltimore and Other Cities Across the Country","datePublished":"2016-08-12T13:03:30-07:00","dateModified":"2017-06-13T12:55:32-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"map-how-the-feds-are-policing-the-police-in-baltimore-and-other-departments-around-the-country","status":"publish","customPermalink":"2016/08/12/baltimore/","path":"/lowdown/23048/map-how-the-feds-are-policing-the-police-in-baltimore-and-other-departments-around-the-country","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/AN0zYH8dpxU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/AN0zYH8dpxU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->The Baltimore Police Department has a long track record of racial discrimination, frequently violating the rights of the city's black residents, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/883366/download\" target=\"_blank\">scathing report\u003c/a> released Wednesday by the U.S. Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation was commissioned in May 2015, following the death of Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old black man who was severely injured during a rough ride in the back of a police van. The incident sparked days of protests and rioting in Baltimore, and led to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/19/us/freddie-gray-baltimore-police.html?module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=U.S.&action=keypress®ion=FixedLeft&pgtype=article\" target=\"_blank\">criminal charges against six officers\u003c/a> - three of whom have already been acquitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In examining the BPD's policing practices from 2010 to 2015, the DOJ found \"large racial disparities.\" African-Americans make up 63 percent of Baltimore's population, but were charged with 91 percent of all \"discretionary offenses\" (very minor, non-violent infractions) and 82 percent of all traffic stops, according to the report. Nearly half of all pedestrian stops occurred in just two primarily black districts. The report also found that police frequently used excessive force during these stops and unnecessarily escalated encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"BPD’s targeted policing of certain Baltimore neighborhoods with minimal oversight or accountability disproportionately harms African-American residents,\" reads the DOJ's report. \"Racially disparate impact is present at every stage of BPD’s enforcement actions, from the initial decision to stop individuals on Baltimore streets to searches, arrests, and uses of force.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials must now implement a series of\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/baltimore-officials-justice-department-promises-sweeping-overhaul-of-city-police/2016/08/10/f022ded2-5e72-11e6-8e45-477372e89d78_story.html\" target=\"_blank\"> legally mandated reforms\u003c/a> outlined in what's known as a \"consent decree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BPD is among the nearly 70 local police departments nationwide that have been investigated by the DOJ for allegations of brutality, racial bias and other civil rights violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click points on the map below for specific DOJ 14141 investigations of police departments around the country (with data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/themarshallproject/doj14141\" target=\"_blank\">the Marshall Project\u003c/a>.) The map details on-going cases and negotiated settlements (not all 67 cases). Map design by Charu Kukreja and Roland Hansson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[If the map doesn't appear in your browser, view it \u003ca href=\"http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a> in fullscreen mode.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they make up only a tiny percentage of the the roughly 18,000 state and local law enforcement agencies around the country, some of the departments investigated are among the nation's largest, serving nearly one in five Americans, according to one \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2414673\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-19347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg\" alt=\"14141-graphic_full_updated2-1\" width=\"306\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-800x710.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1440x1278.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1180x1048.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-960x852.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\">\u003c/a>DOJ investigations of police forces, from Detroit to the U.S. Virgin Islands, are the outcome of a federal law prompted by a 1991 incident involving Rodney King, an unarmed black man savagely beaten by Los Angeles police officers during a traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/conduct-law-enforcement-agencies\" target=\"_blank\">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act\u003c/a>, enacted three years later, includes a provision -- Section 14141 -- that gives the DOJ authority to investigate systemic civil rights abuses. It's one of the few federal tools that can compel widespread change in local law enforcement agencies, empowering the DOJ to take legal action against a police department unless it enters into a negotiated settlement -- such as a consent decree or memorandum of agreement -- and makes proposed reforms under a specified timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been 67 formal investigations opened under Section 14141 to date. Of those, 22 cases have been closed without an agreement, 33 cases resulted in a negotiated settlement, and 12 cases are ongoing, including four currently in litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactic has its naysayers: some critics call it a blatant form of government overreach that places unrealistic expectations and financial burdens on already cash-strapped local police departments. Some also question its effectiveness, pointing to instances where the DOJ's mandates were ignored or where reform efforts stalled after federal oversight ended, as in the case of Cleveland's department, which has undergone two DOJ investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the DOJ probes, though, point to the numerous examples of success that have led to sustained reforms and significantly improved police-community relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“it’s really hard to judge how effective the monitors are in bringing about reforms,\" notes Stephen Rushin, a professor at the University of Alabama School of Law. \"There's no single police misconduct measure. But it really looks like [there's been] significant progress in cities that have these monitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more, see PBS Frontline's recent investigation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/policing-the-police/\" target=\"_blank\">Policing the Police\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/64IjdGdygAE\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/23048/map-how-the-feds-are-policing-the-police-in-baltimore-and-other-departments-around-the-country","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_552","lowdown_242","lowdown_457","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_2554","lowdown_2337","lowdown_587"],"featImg":"lowdown_23071","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_14463":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_14463","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"14463","score":null,"sort":[1468191653000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1468191653,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"What to Do if You Get Pulled Over by the Police","title":"What to Do if You Get Pulled Over by the Police","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>Communities across the nation are still shaken after a series of violent police-related incidents that unfolded over three days last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The events included the fatal shooting of two black men -- in Baton Rogue, La. on Tuesday and St. Paul, Minn. on Wednesday -- and the killings of five officers gunned down by a lone sniper at a Thursday protest in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As have other high profile incidents of police violence over the past two years, last week's events redrew national attention to the ongoing issue of police force, particularly in low-income communities of color, where arrest rates are often disproportionately high and relations between law enforcement and residents are frequently tense, mistrustful and violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also underscored the importance of understanding your rights and responsibilities if stopped by the police. Knowing how to act appropriately during these interactions can help avoid potentially dangerous confrontations. Cartoon journalist Andy Warner explains the rules of engagement (source links below).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22195 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full-400x2789.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/8/13/5994305/michael-brown-case-investigation-legal-police-kill-force-murder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vox: \"When is it legal for a cop to shoot you?\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/273/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornell Law: Tennessee v. Garner Supreme Court ruling on police force\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://police.ucdavis.edu/docs/know_your_rights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACLU: Your Rights When Encountering Law Enforcement \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/miranda_warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornell Legal Information Institute: Miranda Warnings\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aclupa.org/issues/policepractices/your-right-record-and-observe-police/taking-photos-video-and-audio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACLU (PA): Overview of photo, video and audio recording rights\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-9829\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/10/SelfPortrait-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SelfPortrait\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andy Warner's comic journalism has been published by Symbolia, Slate, \u003ca href=\"http://popsci.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popsci.com\u003c/a>, American Public Media, Campus Progress and more. You can see more of his work at: \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">andywarnercomics.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">andywarnercomics.tumblr.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"14463 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=14463","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/10/your-legal-rights-and-responsibilities-with-the-police-an-illustrated-guide/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":245,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":13},"modified":1522975326,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Communities across the nation are still shaken after a series of violent police-related incidents that unfolded over three days last week. The events included the fatal shooting of two black men -- in Baton Rogue, La. on Tuesday and St. Paul, Minn. on Wednesday -- and the killings of five officers gunned down by a","title":"What to Do if You Get Pulled Over by the Police | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What to Do if You Get Pulled Over by the Police","datePublished":"2016-07-10T16:00:53-07:00","dateModified":"2018-04-05T17:42:06-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"your-legal-rights-and-responsibilities-with-the-police-an-illustrated-guide","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/14463/your-legal-rights-and-responsibilities-with-the-police-an-illustrated-guide","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Communities across the nation are still shaken after a series of violent police-related incidents that unfolded over three days last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The events included the fatal shooting of two black men -- in Baton Rogue, La. on Tuesday and St. Paul, Minn. on Wednesday -- and the killings of five officers gunned down by a lone sniper at a Thursday protest in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As have other high profile incidents of police violence over the past two years, last week's events redrew national attention to the ongoing issue of police force, particularly in low-income communities of color, where arrest rates are often disproportionately high and relations between law enforcement and residents are frequently tense, mistrustful and violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also underscored the importance of understanding your rights and responsibilities if stopped by the police. Knowing how to act appropriately during these interactions can help avoid potentially dangerous confrontations. Cartoon journalist Andy Warner explains the rules of engagement (source links below).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22195 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"4323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full.jpg 620w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/11/Police_rights_full-400x2789.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003ch4>Sources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/8/13/5994305/michael-brown-case-investigation-legal-police-kill-force-murder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vox: \"When is it legal for a cop to shoot you?\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/facpub/273/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornell Law: Tennessee v. Garner Supreme Court ruling on police force\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://police.ucdavis.edu/docs/know_your_rights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACLU: Your Rights When Encountering Law Enforcement \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/miranda_warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cornell Legal Information Institute: Miranda Warnings\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aclupa.org/issues/policepractices/your-right-record-and-observe-police/taking-photos-video-and-audio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACLU (PA): Overview of photo, video and audio recording rights\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-9829\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2013/10/SelfPortrait-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"SelfPortrait\" width=\"82\" height=\"82\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andy Warner's comic journalism has been published by Symbolia, Slate, \u003ca href=\"http://popsci.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popsci.com\u003c/a>, American Public Media, Campus Progress and more. You can see more of his work at: \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">andywarnercomics.com\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://andywarnercomics.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">andywarnercomics.tumblr.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/14463/your-legal-rights-and-responsibilities-with-the-police-an-illustrated-guide","authors":["7506"],"categories":["lowdown_256","lowdown_588","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_538","lowdown_537"],"featImg":"lowdown_14470","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_18803":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_18803","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"18803","score":null,"sort":[1449086434000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1449086434,"format":"standard","disqusTitle":"MAP: Chicago Is Latest In Long List Of Police Departments To Be Investigated By the Feds","title":"MAP: Chicago Is Latest In Long List Of Police Departments To Be Investigated By the Feds","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nThe Chicago Police Department is the latest local law enforcement agency to come under fire, following the recent release of 2014 graphic video showing a white Chicago police officer shooting and killing a 17-year-old black male.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protests erupted last week after the city was forced to release the year-old footage. And on Tuesday, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emmanuel announced the dismissal of police Superintendent Garry McCarthy. Emmanuel said he would appoint a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/01/457981923/amid-criticism-chicago-mayor-will-announce-police-accountability-taskforce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">task force to look at police accountability\u003c/a>, noting that \"public trust\" in the police had been \"shaken\" and \"eroded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy's dismissal comes on the same day that Illinois Attorney General asked the Justice Department to investigate whether the Chicago Police Department's practices violated constitutional law, \u003ca href=\"http://Illinois%20Attorney%20General%20Lisa%20Madigan%20asked%20the%20Justice%20Department%20Tuesday%20to%20investigate%20whether%20the%20Chicago%20Police%20Department's%20practices%20violated%20constitutional%20law.%20The%20agency%20confirmed%20to%20NPR's%20Carrie%20Johnson%20that%20it%20is%20reviewing%20the%20request.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Justice Department decides to take up the investigation, the Chicago PD will join the ranks of roughly 70 other police departments nationwide that have been investigated by the feds for brutality, racial bias and other civil rights violations.\u003cbr>\nClick points on the map below for specific DOJ 14141 investigations of police departments around the country (with data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/themarshallproject/doj14141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Marshall Project\u003c/a>.) The map details on-going cases and negotiated settlements (not all 67 cases). Map design by Charu Kukreja and Roland Hansson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>View \u003ca href=\"http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a> in fullscreen mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they make up only a tiny percentage of the the nearly 18,000 state and local law enforcement agencies around the country, some of these departments are among the nation's largest, serving nearly one in five Americans, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2414673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-19347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg\" alt=\"14141-graphic_full_updated2-1\" width=\"306\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-800x710.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1440x1278.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1180x1048.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-960x852.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\">\u003c/a>DOJ investigations of police forces, from Detroit to the U.S. Virgin Islands, are the outcome of a federal law prompted by a 1991 incident involving Rodney King, an unarmed black man savagely beaten by Los Angeles police officers during a traffic stop. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/conduct-law-enforcement-agencies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act\u003c/a>, enacted three years later, includes a provision -- Section 14141 -- that gives the DOJ authority to investigate systemic civil rights abuses. It's one of the few federal tools that can compel widespread change in local law enforcement agencies, empowering the DOJ to take legal action against a police department unless it enters into a negotiated settlement -- such as a consent decree or memorandum of agreement -- and makes proposed reforms under a specified timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been 67 formal investigations opened under Section 14141 to date. Of those, 22 cases have been closed without an agreement, 33 cases resulted in a negotiated settlement, and 12 cases are ongoing, including four currently in litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactic has its naysayers: some critics call it a blatant form of government overreach that places unrealistic expectations and financial burdens on already strapped local police departments. Others question its effectiveness, pointing to instances where the DOJ's mandates were ignored or where reform efforts after federal oversight ended, as in the case of Cleveland's department, which has undergone two DOJ investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates point to numerous examples of success that have led to sustained reforms and significantly improved police-community relations.\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"18803 http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=18803","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/12/02/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":513,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html"],"paragraphCount":12},"modified":1523464587,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":" The Chicago Police Department is the latest local law enforcement agency to come under fire, following the recent release of 2014 graphic video showing a white Chicago police officer shooting and killing a 17-year-old black male.","title":"MAP: Chicago Is Latest In Long List Of Police Departments To Be Investigated By the Feds | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: Chicago Is Latest In Long List Of Police Departments To Be Investigated By the Feds","datePublished":"2015-12-02T12:00:34-08:00","dateModified":"2018-04-11T09:36:27-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map","status":"publish","customPermalink":"2015/08/26/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map/","path":"/lowdown/18803/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\nThe Chicago Police Department is the latest local law enforcement agency to come under fire, following the recent release of 2014 graphic video showing a white Chicago police officer shooting and killing a 17-year-old black male.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protests erupted last week after the city was forced to release the year-old footage. And on Tuesday, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emmanuel announced the dismissal of police Superintendent Garry McCarthy. Emmanuel said he would appoint a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/01/457981923/amid-criticism-chicago-mayor-will-announce-police-accountability-taskforce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">task force to look at police accountability\u003c/a>, noting that \"public trust\" in the police had been \"shaken\" and \"eroded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy's dismissal comes on the same day that Illinois Attorney General asked the Justice Department to investigate whether the Chicago Police Department's practices violated constitutional law, \u003ca href=\"http://Illinois%20Attorney%20General%20Lisa%20Madigan%20asked%20the%20Justice%20Department%20Tuesday%20to%20investigate%20whether%20the%20Chicago%20Police%20Department's%20practices%20violated%20constitutional%20law.%20The%20agency%20confirmed%20to%20NPR's%20Carrie%20Johnson%20that%20it%20is%20reviewing%20the%20request.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Justice Department decides to take up the investigation, the Chicago PD will join the ranks of roughly 70 other police departments nationwide that have been investigated by the feds for brutality, racial bias and other civil rights violations.\u003cbr>\nClick points on the map below for specific DOJ 14141 investigations of police departments around the country (with data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/themarshallproject/doj14141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Marshall Project\u003c/a>.) The map details on-going cases and negotiated settlements (not all 67 cases). Map design by Charu Kukreja and Roland Hansson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>View \u003ca href=\"http://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a> in fullscreen mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.dcrdesign.net/maps/kqed_1.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they make up only a tiny percentage of the the nearly 18,000 state and local law enforcement agencies around the country, some of these departments are among the nation's largest, serving nearly one in five Americans, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2414673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-19347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg\" alt=\"14141-graphic_full_updated2-1\" width=\"306\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-400x355.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-800x710.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1440x1278.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-1180x1048.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/08/14141-graphic_full_updated2-1-960x852.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\">\u003c/a>DOJ investigations of police forces, from Detroit to the U.S. Virgin Islands, are the outcome of a federal law prompted by a 1991 incident involving Rodney King, an unarmed black man savagely beaten by Los Angeles police officers during a traffic stop. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/conduct-law-enforcement-agencies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act\u003c/a>, enacted three years later, includes a provision -- Section 14141 -- that gives the DOJ authority to investigate systemic civil rights abuses. It's one of the few federal tools that can compel widespread change in local law enforcement agencies, empowering the DOJ to take legal action against a police department unless it enters into a negotiated settlement -- such as a consent decree or memorandum of agreement -- and makes proposed reforms under a specified timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been 67 formal investigations opened under Section 14141 to date. Of those, 22 cases have been closed without an agreement, 33 cases resulted in a negotiated settlement, and 12 cases are ongoing, including four currently in litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactic has its naysayers: some critics call it a blatant form of government overreach that places unrealistic expectations and financial burdens on already strapped local police departments. Others question its effectiveness, pointing to instances where the DOJ's mandates were ignored or where reform efforts after federal oversight ended, as in the case of Cleveland's department, which has undergone two DOJ investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates point to numerous examples of success that have led to sustained reforms and significantly improved police-community relations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/18803/policing-the-police-u-s-police-departments-investigated-by-the-feds-interactive-map","authors":["8658"],"categories":["lowdown_2390","lowdown_552","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_2337","lowdown_2460"],"featImg":"lowdown_19345","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_16750":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_16750","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"16750","score":null,"sort":[1428611276000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1428611276,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Visualization: Police-Involved Homicides in the U.S. Since 2011","title":"Visualization: Police-Involved Homicides in the U.S. Since 2011","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Produced by San Diego design firm \u003ca href=\"http://1point21interactive.com/\" target=\"_blank\">1 Point 21\u003c/a>, this visualization shows all 2,695 verifiable officer-involved homicide nationwide since 2011 that were reported to and cataloged by the crowdsourced database \u003ca href=\"http://www.fatalencounters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Fatal Encounters\u003c/a>. Mouseover any line to view incident information at top. The red button showing incident classification links directly the original news article. Data can be sorted by year, race and manner of death. Scroll down to see racial breakdowns and statewide data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"http://1point21interactive.com/people-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">View fullscreen version\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"wide\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://1point21interactive.com/people-killed/\" width=\"1280\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a headline that's become alarmingly familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unarmed black man was shot dead by a white police officer in North Charleston, S.C. last weekend. On Tuesday, the officer, Michael Slager, 33, was charged with murder after the release of a bystander's cellphone video showing him repeatedly shooting Walter Scott, 50, in the back while he ran away from a traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slager initially claimed he fired shots when Scott grabbed his Taser and ran. But the footage suggests otherwise: the officer appears to place his Taser next to Scott's body after shooting him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slager was charged with murder Tuesday following the video's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case comes on the heels of several other recent high profile incidents of white police officers killing unarmed black men, including the 2014 deaths of Michael Brown in Ferguson and Eric Garner in New York. Like them, Scott's death has ignited deep racial tensions and heightened public scrutiny nationwide of violent police behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents have also brought sharp focus on the lack of comprehensive national data on officer-involved shootings. As The Lowdown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/01/28/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year/\" target=\"_blank\">reported in January\u003c/a>, FBI police-related homicide figures are woefully incomplete, in large part because reporting of this information by local police agencies is completed on an entirely voluntary basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of such data, a handful of independent crowdsourced sites have attempted to keep better track of officer-involved homicides, cataloging cases reported by local media outlets around the country. One such site, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fatalencounters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Fatal Encounters\u003c/a>, which supplied the data for the above visualization, compiles crowdcourced news reports of these incidents and hosts a public, searchable database. Managed by D. Brian Burghart, editor and publisher of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsreview.com/reno/home\" target=\"_blank\">Reno News & Review\u003c/a>, the site is by no means comprehensive -- it shows less than 50% of all incidents, by Burghart's estimate -- but does list significantly more cases than those reported to the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the designers of the visualization note: \"Since no comprehensive national database exists, collecting the data from reliable local and national news reports -- while imperfect -- is the next best thing. It is not a full and comprehensive data set and many incidents lack full details or may be missing from the data entirely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news site \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/12/17/7408455/police-shootings-map\" target=\"_blank\">Vox\u003c/a> produced the following interactive map, which also uses data from the Fatal Encounters. It shows the more than 5,600 officer-involved homicides since 2000 that have been reported to the project. The vast majority of the deaths are from gunshots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://anandkatakam.cartodb.com/viz/e13166bc-854f-11e4-abdb-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"16750 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=16750","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/04/09/visualization-officer-involved-homicides-since-2011/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":508,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["http://1point21interactive.com/people-killed/","https://anandkatakam.cartodb.com/viz/e13166bc-854f-11e4-abdb-0e018d66dc29/embed_map"],"paragraphCount":13},"modified":1433976811,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Produced by San Diego design firm 1 Point 21, this visualization shows all 2,695 verifiable officer-involved homicide nationwide since 2011 that were reported to and cataloged by the crowdsourced database Fatal Encounters. Mouseover any line to view incident information at top. The red button showing incident classification links directly the original news article. Data can be","title":"Visualization: Police-Involved Homicides in the U.S. Since 2011 | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Visualization: Police-Involved Homicides in the U.S. Since 2011","datePublished":"2015-04-09T13:27:56-07:00","dateModified":"2015-06-10T15:53:31-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"visualization-officer-involved-homicides-since-2011","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/16750/visualization-officer-involved-homicides-since-2011","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Produced by San Diego design firm \u003ca href=\"http://1point21interactive.com/\" target=\"_blank\">1 Point 21\u003c/a>, this visualization shows all 2,695 verifiable officer-involved homicide nationwide since 2011 that were reported to and cataloged by the crowdsourced database \u003ca href=\"http://www.fatalencounters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Fatal Encounters\u003c/a>. Mouseover any line to view incident information at top. The red button showing incident classification links directly the original news article. Data can be sorted by year, race and manner of death. Scroll down to see racial breakdowns and statewide data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003ca href=\"http://1point21interactive.com/people-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">View fullscreen version\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"wide\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://1point21interactive.com/people-killed/\" width=\"1280\" height=\"650\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a headline that's become alarmingly familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unarmed black man was shot dead by a white police officer in North Charleston, S.C. last weekend. On Tuesday, the officer, Michael Slager, 33, was charged with murder after the release of a bystander's cellphone video showing him repeatedly shooting Walter Scott, 50, in the back while he ran away from a traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slager initially claimed he fired shots when Scott grabbed his Taser and ran. But the footage suggests otherwise: the officer appears to place his Taser next to Scott's body after shooting him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slager was charged with murder Tuesday following the video's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case comes on the heels of several other recent high profile incidents of white police officers killing unarmed black men, including the 2014 deaths of Michael Brown in Ferguson and Eric Garner in New York. Like them, Scott's death has ignited deep racial tensions and heightened public scrutiny nationwide of violent police behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents have also brought sharp focus on the lack of comprehensive national data on officer-involved shootings. As The Lowdown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/01/28/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year/\" target=\"_blank\">reported in January\u003c/a>, FBI police-related homicide figures are woefully incomplete, in large part because reporting of this information by local police agencies is completed on an entirely voluntary basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of such data, a handful of independent crowdsourced sites have attempted to keep better track of officer-involved homicides, cataloging cases reported by local media outlets around the country. One such site, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fatalencounters.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Fatal Encounters\u003c/a>, which supplied the data for the above visualization, compiles crowdcourced news reports of these incidents and hosts a public, searchable database. Managed by D. Brian Burghart, editor and publisher of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsreview.com/reno/home\" target=\"_blank\">Reno News & Review\u003c/a>, the site is by no means comprehensive -- it shows less than 50% of all incidents, by Burghart's estimate -- but does list significantly more cases than those reported to the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the designers of the visualization note: \"Since no comprehensive national database exists, collecting the data from reliable local and national news reports -- while imperfect -- is the next best thing. It is not a full and comprehensive data set and many incidents lack full details or may be missing from the data entirely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news site \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/12/17/7408455/police-shootings-map\" target=\"_blank\">Vox\u003c/a> produced the following interactive map, which also uses data from the Fatal Encounters. It shows the more than 5,600 officer-involved homicides since 2000 that have been reported to the project. The vast majority of the deaths are from gunshots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://anandkatakam.cartodb.com/viz/e13166bc-854f-11e4-abdb-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/16750/visualization-officer-involved-homicides-since-2011","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_552","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_598","lowdown_599"],"featImg":"lowdown_17313","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_16421":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_16421","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"16421","score":null,"sort":[1425421708000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1425421708,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"Obama Task Force Calls for Reform and More Accountability in U.S. Police Departments","title":"Obama Task Force Calls for Reform and More Accountability in U.S. Police Departments","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 603px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/08/Ferguson_Day_6_Picture_44.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13877\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/08/Ferguson_Day_6_Picture_44-640x424.png\" alt=\"Day six of protests in Ferguson (Loavesofbread/Wikimedia)\" width=\"603\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day six of protests in Ferguson, MO after a grand jury declined to indict the police officer who shot Michael Brown, an unarmed black man. (Loavesofbread/Wikimedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama on Tuesday unveiled a report with dozens of recommendations for improving relations between police departments and the communities they serve, including calls for more accurate reporting of officer-involved fatalities and independent criminal investigations of those incidents.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> interim report\u003c/a> lists the findings of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/PolicingTaskForce\" target=\"_blank\">President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing\u003c/a>, a 3-month effort to investigate policing practices across the nation. Co-chaired by Philadelphia Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey, the initiative was commissioned in the wake of several high profile shootings of unarmed black men last year that exposed deep rifts in trust between many communities of color and the police forces meant to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The events in Ferguson and New York exposed a deep-rooted frustration in many communities of color about the need for fair and just law enforcement,\" President Obama said during the brief ceremony on Monday at the White House. \"We have a great opportunity, coming out of some great conflict and tragedy, to really transform how we think about community law enforcement relations so that everybody feels safer and our law enforcement officers feel, rather than being embattled ... feel fully supported.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also encourages police departments nationwide to adopt more community-focused policing strategies and provide better officer training to de-escalate potentially violent situations, including minimizing the use of military equipment during protests. While noting the value of police body cameras, the report stops short of recommending their widespread use, citing privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included in the report is a reference to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-103hr3355enr/pdf/BILLS-103hr3355enr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1994 law\u003c/a> requiring the U.S. Department of Justice to “acquire data about the use of excessive force by law enforcement officers and to publish an annual summary.” But it notes the necessary funds have never been allocated to meet that objective. The problem underscores a larger challenge the federal government faces: with roughly 18,000 independent police agencies across the country, most law enforcement remains at the local level, with few legally binding reporting requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means many agencies decline to report potentially sensitive information -- like the number of officer-involved shootings -- to the FBI's \u003ca href=\"http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/ucr\" target=\"_blank\">Uniform Crime Reporting\u003c/a> national incident database, resulting in dramatically underreported figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/01/28/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year/\" target=\"_blank\"> Lowdown wrote about last month\u003c/a>, officer-involved fatalities are vastly underreported. The closest thing to an official government tally is classified in the FBI’s annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/expanded-homicide/expanded_homicide_data_table_14_justifiable_homicide_by_weapon_law_enforcement_2009-2013.xls\" target=\"_blank\">Supplementary Homicide Report\u003c/a> as “justifiable homicide” by law enforcement. In 2013, the last year for which data were available, the FBI reported 461 justifiable homicides by law enforcement, with a yearly average of 420.4 reported since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several crowd-sourced reporting projects show significantly higher figures. Among the most reliable of the batch we examined is \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.killedbypolice.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Killed By Police\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an anonymously managed project that compiles mainstream media reports submitted by individual users through Facebook. It began collecting data in May 2013, and in the last eight months of that year alone tallied 764 reports of officer-involved fatalities. 1101 incidents were tallied for the entirety of 2014, and 184 incidents have be tallied to date for 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We looked specifically at officer-involved deaths in California in 2014, verifying the media sources for each included incident. For the whole year, we calculated a total 156 incidents involving civilians killed by police. This does not include incidents involving off-duty officers or police car accidents. The map below shows these results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouseover each marker for the name of the victim. Click on the marker for the date and location of the incident, the victim's age and race (if known), the officer's name (if known) and the news source link(s). Zoom in for more specific detail or search by city or ZIP code (at top right).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://kariannemah.cartodb.com/viz/1d2a05e0-a1aa-11e4-8b48-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"16421 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=16421","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/03/03/obamas-police-task-force-calls-for-policing-reforms-and-more-accountability/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":672,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["http://kariannemah.cartodb.com/viz/1d2a05e0-a1aa-11e4-8b48-0e018d66dc29/embed_map"],"paragraphCount":13},"modified":1431722835,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"President Obama on Tuesday unveiled a report with dozens of recommendations for improving relations between police departments and the communities they serve, including calls for more accurate reporting of officer-involved fatalities and independent criminal investigations of those incidents.","title":"Obama Task Force Calls for Reform and More Accountability in U.S. Police Departments | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Obama Task Force Calls for Reform and More Accountability in U.S. Police Departments","datePublished":"2015-03-03T14:28:28-08:00","dateModified":"2015-05-15T13:47:15-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"obamas-police-task-force-calls-for-policing-reforms-and-more-accountability","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/16421/obamas-police-task-force-calls-for-policing-reforms-and-more-accountability","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 603px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/08/Ferguson_Day_6_Picture_44.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-13877\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/08/Ferguson_Day_6_Picture_44-640x424.png\" alt=\"Day six of protests in Ferguson (Loavesofbread/Wikimedia)\" width=\"603\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Day six of protests in Ferguson, MO after a grand jury declined to indict the police officer who shot Michael Brown, an unarmed black man. (Loavesofbread/Wikimedia)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama on Tuesday unveiled a report with dozens of recommendations for improving relations between police departments and the communities they serve, including calls for more accurate reporting of officer-involved fatalities and independent criminal investigations of those incidents.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> interim report\u003c/a> lists the findings of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/PolicingTaskForce\" target=\"_blank\">President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing\u003c/a>, a 3-month effort to investigate policing practices across the nation. Co-chaired by Philadelphia Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey, the initiative was commissioned in the wake of several high profile shootings of unarmed black men last year that exposed deep rifts in trust between many communities of color and the police forces meant to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The events in Ferguson and New York exposed a deep-rooted frustration in many communities of color about the need for fair and just law enforcement,\" President Obama said during the brief ceremony on Monday at the White House. \"We have a great opportunity, coming out of some great conflict and tragedy, to really transform how we think about community law enforcement relations so that everybody feels safer and our law enforcement officers feel, rather than being embattled ... feel fully supported.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also encourages police departments nationwide to adopt more community-focused policing strategies and provide better officer training to de-escalate potentially violent situations, including minimizing the use of military equipment during protests. While noting the value of police body cameras, the report stops short of recommending their widespread use, citing privacy concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included in the report is a reference to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-103hr3355enr/pdf/BILLS-103hr3355enr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1994 law\u003c/a> requiring the U.S. Department of Justice to “acquire data about the use of excessive force by law enforcement officers and to publish an annual summary.” But it notes the necessary funds have never been allocated to meet that objective. The problem underscores a larger challenge the federal government faces: with roughly 18,000 independent police agencies across the country, most law enforcement remains at the local level, with few legally binding reporting requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means many agencies decline to report potentially sensitive information -- like the number of officer-involved shootings -- to the FBI's \u003ca href=\"http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/ucr\" target=\"_blank\">Uniform Crime Reporting\u003c/a> national incident database, resulting in dramatically underreported figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/01/28/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year/\" target=\"_blank\"> Lowdown wrote about last month\u003c/a>, officer-involved fatalities are vastly underreported. The closest thing to an official government tally is classified in the FBI’s annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/expanded-homicide/expanded_homicide_data_table_14_justifiable_homicide_by_weapon_law_enforcement_2009-2013.xls\" target=\"_blank\">Supplementary Homicide Report\u003c/a> as “justifiable homicide” by law enforcement. In 2013, the last year for which data were available, the FBI reported 461 justifiable homicides by law enforcement, with a yearly average of 420.4 reported since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several crowd-sourced reporting projects show significantly higher figures. Among the most reliable of the batch we examined is \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.killedbypolice.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Killed By Police\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an anonymously managed project that compiles mainstream media reports submitted by individual users through Facebook. It began collecting data in May 2013, and in the last eight months of that year alone tallied 764 reports of officer-involved fatalities. 1101 incidents were tallied for the entirety of 2014, and 184 incidents have be tallied to date for 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We looked specifically at officer-involved deaths in California in 2014, verifying the media sources for each included incident. For the whole year, we calculated a total 156 incidents involving civilians killed by police. This does not include incidents involving off-duty officers or police car accidents. The map below shows these results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mouseover each marker for the name of the victim. Click on the marker for the date and location of the incident, the victim's age and race (if known), the officer's name (if known) and the news source link(s). Zoom in for more specific detail or search by city or ZIP code (at top right).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://kariannemah.cartodb.com/viz/1d2a05e0-a1aa-11e4-8b48-0e018d66dc29/embed_map\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/16421/obamas-police-task-force-calls-for-policing-reforms-and-more-accountability","authors":["1263"],"categories":["lowdown_552","lowdown_242","lowdown_1","lowdown_457","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_551"],"featImg":"lowdown_13877","label":"lowdown"},"lowdown_15941":{"type":"posts","id":"lowdown_15941","meta":{"index":"posts_1716263798","site":"lowdown","id":"15941","score":null,"sort":[1422479759000]},"parent":0,"labelTerm":{"site":"lowdown"},"blocks":[],"publishDate":1422479759,"format":"aside","disqusTitle":"MAP: Every California Police-Involved Homicide Reported in 2014","title":"MAP: Every California Police-Involved Homicide Reported in 2014","headTitle":"The Lowdown | KQED News","content":"\u003cp>The following time-lapse animation shows all reported and verified officer-involved shootings that occurred in California in 2014. Each circle represents an individual incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/1a072d5f-fddb-4085-a5c2-ea68b581453e/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a series of highly publicized incidents in late 2014, white police officers killed unarmed black males, sparking widespread concern about the excessive use of force and drawing attention to the lack of reliable data on officer-involved fatalities.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, there is no comprehensive federal database cataloging the use of deadly force by law enforcement agencies, and the frequency of these incidents remains largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">Click to skip article and go directly to fatal incident maps\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The closest thing to an official government tally is classified in the FBI's annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/expanded-homicide/expanded_homicide_data_table_14_justifiable_homicide_by_weapon_law_enforcement_2009-2013.xls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supplementary Homicide Report\u003c/a> as \"justifiable homicide\" by law enforcement, which it defines as \"the killing of a felon by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty.\" In 2013, the last year for which data were available, the FBI reported 461 justifiable homicides by law enforcement, with a yearly average of 420.4 reported since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its analysis of these figures, the investigative news agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/deadly-force-in-black-and-white\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ProPublica \u003c/a>found that black males were killed at 21 times the rate of their white counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15979\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-15979 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-1440x942.jpg\" alt=\"Alejandro Nieto’s mother Elvira Nieto (center) leads an Aug. 22 march to announce the filing of a lawsuit against the city over the fatal shooting of her son. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-1440x942.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-1180x772.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-768x503.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-320x209.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators marched in San Francisco last August to protest the police shooting death of Alex Nieto. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The data, while striking, are noticeably incomplete and the method for collecting them inaccurate on several fronts. For one, the tally relies entirely on voluntary self-reporting by local and state police agencies. In other words, these departments are not required to give up any information. And whereas the vast majority of police departments around the country provides the FBI each year with more common crime data -- such as a city's total homicide rate -- fewer agencies elect to submit justifiable homicide figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the tally doesn't include \"unjustifiable homicide by police.\" In fact, that's not even a classification in the FBI's crime reporting database. And because the \"justifiability\" -- aka legality -- of an incident is determined by a subsequent investigation that may extend beyond the reporting year, the data from the previous year may never be updated once the case is resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder recently criticized the lack of transparency as \"unacceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The troubling reality is that we lack the ability right now to comprehensively track the number of incidents of either uses of force directed at police officers or uses of force by police,” Holder said during \u003ca href=\"//www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/15/eric-holder-slams-unacceptable-lack-info-police-sh/#ixzz3Q4uaESvl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a recent Justice Department ceremony\u003c/a> honoring Martin Luther King Jr. Police departments and state agencies, he added, should be legally required to report these incidents to the FBI., a measure that would likely require congressional approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EOgXrNWpw2tFQrR2Plz1uwoxdUDkRFeP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even given the FBI's lowball figures, the United States' officer-involved fatality rates dwarf those of most other industrialized nations. From 2009 to mid-2012 in England and Wales, police officers reportedly discharged their firearms a total of 18 times, killing \u003ca href=\"http://www.channel4.com/news/police-fatal-shooting-trigger-happy-fact-check\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nine civilians\u003c/a>. And not a single police shooting death was reported there in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.channel4.com/news/police-fatal-shooting-trigger-happy-fact-check\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2012 - 2013\u003c/a> reporting year. Rates for Germany, Australia and Japan are similarly low. These nations are, of course, much smaller than the U.S. and have significantly stricter gun control laws. But the discrepancy is startling nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a comprehensive national database on officer-related fatalities, a handful of independent crowd-sourced projects have recently sprouted online. Sites like \u003ca href=\"fatalencounters.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fatal Encounters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://regressing.deadspin.com/were-compiling-every-police-involved-shooting-in-americ-1624180387\">Deadspin\u003c/a> compile user-submitted local reports of police-involved killings (justifiable or not). The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"//www.gunviolencearchive.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gun Violence Archive\u003c/a> project, which tabulates incidents of gun violence in the general population, also collects data on officer-involved shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most reliable of the batch is \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.killedbypolice.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Killed By Police\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an anonymously managed project that compiles mainstream media reports submitted by individual users through Facebook. To date, the site lists 1,952 officer-related killings nationally since May 2013, when it began collecting data. Of these, 1,103 were reported in 2014 and 81 have already been reported since the start of 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ProfileHeaderCard-screenname u-inlineBlock u-dir\" dir=\"ltr\">In a recent audit of the site, the news publication \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/another-much-higher-count-of-police-homicides/\">FiveThirtyEight\u003c/a> said it \"confirmed that the links represented legitimate stories,\" revealing dramatically higher incident rates than suggested by FBI reporting. And although the site clearly does not take a neutral stance on the issue (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pigstatenews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@PigStateNews\u003c/a>, the associated Twitter account, provides a none too subtle indication) the data we examined speaks for itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our analysis of the site, we looked specifically at officer-involved deaths in California in 2014. In total, we calculated 156 incidents involving civilians killed by police. Of these, there were 144 male victims and 12 female. Of the 67 incidents in which race information was reported, there were 34 Latino, 14 black, 15 white and four Asian victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189373360&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's rate of officer-involved fatalities in 2014 is more than .41 per 100,000 population, slightly higher than the national rate of roughly .35 per 100,000 for the same year (assuming the relative accuracy of the \u003cem>Killed By Police\u003c/em> national count of 1,104 police-related killings for 2014).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In creating our \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">own database\u003c/a> and associated maps of police-related fatalities in California, we considered all reported deaths of civilians by on-duty officers in local, state and federal police agencies, as well as transit and school campus police. Incidents include shootings as well as deaths resulting from use of force during arrest or detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our database is primarily composed of incidents listed on \u003cem>Killed By Police's\u003c/em> site, although we also included several additional cases from in the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://homicide.latimes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Los Angeles Times' Homicide Report\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>Incidents are included here only if verified by an established news outlet (with a working link). We excluded incidents involving off-duty officers, individuals killed in accidents involving law enforcement vehicles and prisoners killed in incidents involving state corrections officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the nature of crowd-sourced reporting, we recognize that this database is likely incomplete, and encourage readers to \u003ca href=\"mailto:newsed@kqed.org\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1e1e94;\">send us\u003c/span>\u003c/a> additional verified news reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Individual officer-related killings in California, 2014\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Mouseover each marker to see the name of the victim. Click on the marker for the date and location of the incident, the victim's age and race (if known), the officer's name (if known) and the news source link(s). Zoom in for more specific detail or search by city or ZIP code (at top right).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kam02004.cartodb.com/viz/af671f08-8c62-11e5-a479-0ef7f98ade21/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Officer-related killings by law enforcement agency\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Note: Although the five incidents involving California Highway Patrol officers occurred throughout the state, the marker is placed at CHP's headquarters in Sacramento. Additionally, four separate incidents involving officers from more than one department are included here under the larger of the two departments. Also, keep in mind that while law enforcement agencies in Los Angeles have the highest fatality counts in the state, they also oversee the largest population-based jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kariannemah.cartodb.com/viz/f9227626-a5bb-11e4-a040-0e0c41326911/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download data set here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/pubhtml?widget=true&headers=false\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"15941 http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/?p=15941","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/01/28/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year/","stats":{"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"hasAudio":true,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":1185,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":["https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/1a072d5f-fddb-4085-a5c2-ea68b581453e/embed","https://w.soundcloud.com/player/","https://kam02004.cartodb.com/viz/af671f08-8c62-11e5-a479-0ef7f98ade21/embed_map","https://kariannemah.cartodb.com/viz/f9227626-a5bb-11e4-a040-0e0c41326911/embed_map","https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/pubhtml"],"paragraphCount":29},"modified":1502142273,"excerpt":null,"headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"The following time-lapse animation shows all reported and verified officer-involved shootings that occurred in California in 2014. Each circle represents an individual incident. In a series of highly publicized incidents in late 2014, white police officers killed unarmed black males, sparking widespread concern about the excessive use of force and drawing attention to the lack of","title":"MAP: Every California Police-Involved Homicide Reported in 2014 | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"MAP: Every California Police-Involved Homicide Reported in 2014","datePublished":"2015-01-28T13:15:59-08:00","dateModified":"2017-08-07T14:44:33-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year","status":"publish","path":"/lowdown/15941/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The following time-lapse animation shows all reported and verified officer-involved shootings that occurred in California in 2014. Each circle represents an individual incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://mgreen.carto.com/builder/1a072d5f-fddb-4085-a5c2-ea68b581453e/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a series of highly publicized incidents in late 2014, white police officers killed unarmed black males, sparking widespread concern about the excessive use of force and drawing attention to the lack of reliable data on officer-involved fatalities.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, there is no comprehensive federal database cataloging the use of deadly force by law enforcement agencies, and the frequency of these incidents remains largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#unique-identifier1\">Click to skip article and go directly to fatal incident maps\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The closest thing to an official government tally is classified in the FBI's annual \u003ca href=\"http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/expanded-homicide/expanded_homicide_data_table_14_justifiable_homicide_by_weapon_law_enforcement_2009-2013.xls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supplementary Homicide Report\u003c/a> as \"justifiable homicide\" by law enforcement, which it defines as \"the killing of a felon by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty.\" In 2013, the last year for which data were available, the FBI reported 461 justifiable homicides by law enforcement, with a yearly average of 420.4 reported since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its analysis of these figures, the investigative news agency \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/deadly-force-in-black-and-white\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ProPublica \u003c/a>found that black males were killed at 21 times the rate of their white counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15979\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-15979 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-1440x942.jpg\" alt=\"Alejandro Nieto’s mother Elvira Nieto (center) leads an Aug. 22 march to announce the filing of a lawsuit against the city over the fatal shooting of her son. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-1440x942.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-1180x772.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-768x503.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/01/NIeto-320x209.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators marched in San Francisco last August to protest the police shooting death of Alex Nieto. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The data, while striking, are noticeably incomplete and the method for collecting them inaccurate on several fronts. For one, the tally relies entirely on voluntary self-reporting by local and state police agencies. In other words, these departments are not required to give up any information. And whereas the vast majority of police departments around the country provides the FBI each year with more common crime data -- such as a city's total homicide rate -- fewer agencies elect to submit justifiable homicide figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the tally doesn't include \"unjustifiable homicide by police.\" In fact, that's not even a classification in the FBI's crime reporting database. And because the \"justifiability\" -- aka legality -- of an incident is determined by a subsequent investigation that may extend beyond the reporting year, the data from the previous year may never be updated once the case is resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder recently criticized the lack of transparency as \"unacceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The troubling reality is that we lack the ability right now to comprehensively track the number of incidents of either uses of force directed at police officers or uses of force by police,” Holder said during \u003ca href=\"//www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/15/eric-holder-slams-unacceptable-lack-info-police-sh/#ixzz3Q4uaESvl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a recent Justice Department ceremony\u003c/a> honoring Martin Luther King Jr. Police departments and state agencies, he added, should be legally required to report these incidents to the FBI., a measure that would likely require congressional approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even given the FBI's lowball figures, the United States' officer-involved fatality rates dwarf those of most other industrialized nations. From 2009 to mid-2012 in England and Wales, police officers reportedly discharged their firearms a total of 18 times, killing \u003ca href=\"http://www.channel4.com/news/police-fatal-shooting-trigger-happy-fact-check\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nine civilians\u003c/a>. And not a single police shooting death was reported there in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.channel4.com/news/police-fatal-shooting-trigger-happy-fact-check\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2012 - 2013\u003c/a> reporting year. Rates for Germany, Australia and Japan are similarly low. These nations are, of course, much smaller than the U.S. and have significantly stricter gun control laws. But the discrepancy is startling nonetheless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a comprehensive national database on officer-related fatalities, a handful of independent crowd-sourced projects have recently sprouted online. Sites like \u003ca href=\"fatalencounters.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fatal Encounters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://regressing.deadspin.com/were-compiling-every-police-involved-shooting-in-americ-1624180387\">Deadspin\u003c/a> compile user-submitted local reports of police-involved killings (justifiable or not). The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"//www.gunviolencearchive.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gun Violence Archive\u003c/a> project, which tabulates incidents of gun violence in the general population, also collects data on officer-involved shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most reliable of the batch is \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.killedbypolice.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Killed By Police\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, an anonymously managed project that compiles mainstream media reports submitted by individual users through Facebook. To date, the site lists 1,952 officer-related killings nationally since May 2013, when it began collecting data. Of these, 1,103 were reported in 2014 and 81 have already been reported since the start of 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ProfileHeaderCard-screenname u-inlineBlock u-dir\" dir=\"ltr\">In a recent audit of the site, the news publication \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/another-much-higher-count-of-police-homicides/\">FiveThirtyEight\u003c/a> said it \"confirmed that the links represented legitimate stories,\" revealing dramatically higher incident rates than suggested by FBI reporting. And although the site clearly does not take a neutral stance on the issue (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pigstatenews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@PigStateNews\u003c/a>, the associated Twitter account, provides a none too subtle indication) the data we examined speaks for itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our analysis of the site, we looked specifically at officer-involved deaths in California in 2014. In total, we calculated 156 incidents involving civilians killed by police. Of these, there were 144 male victims and 12 female. Of the 67 incidents in which race information was reported, there were 34 Latino, 14 black, 15 white and four Asian victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189373360&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's rate of officer-involved fatalities in 2014 is more than .41 per 100,000 population, slightly higher than the national rate of roughly .35 per 100,000 for the same year (assuming the relative accuracy of the \u003cem>Killed By Police\u003c/em> national count of 1,104 police-related killings for 2014).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In creating our \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">own database\u003c/a> and associated maps of police-related fatalities in California, we considered all reported deaths of civilians by on-duty officers in local, state and federal police agencies, as well as transit and school campus police. Incidents include shootings as well as deaths resulting from use of force during arrest or detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our database is primarily composed of incidents listed on \u003cem>Killed By Police's\u003c/em> site, although we also included several additional cases from in the \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://homicide.latimes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Los Angeles Times' Homicide Report\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>Incidents are included here only if verified by an established news outlet (with a working link). We excluded incidents involving off-duty officers, individuals killed in accidents involving law enforcement vehicles and prisoners killed in incidents involving state corrections officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the nature of crowd-sourced reporting, we recognize that this database is likely incomplete, and encourage readers to \u003ca href=\"mailto:newsed@kqed.org\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #1e1e94;\">send us\u003c/span>\u003c/a> additional verified news reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"unique-identifier1\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Individual officer-related killings in California, 2014\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Mouseover each marker to see the name of the victim. Click on the marker for the date and location of the incident, the victim's age and race (if known), the officer's name (if known) and the news source link(s). Zoom in for more specific detail or search by city or ZIP code (at top right).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kam02004.cartodb.com/viz/af671f08-8c62-11e5-a479-0ef7f98ade21/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Officer-related killings by law enforcement agency\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Note: Although the five incidents involving California Highway Patrol officers occurred throughout the state, the marker is placed at CHP's headquarters in Sacramento. Additionally, four separate incidents involving officers from more than one department are included here under the larger of the two departments. Also, keep in mind that while law enforcement agencies in Los Angeles have the highest fatality counts in the state, they also oversee the largest population-based jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kariannemah.cartodb.com/viz/f9227626-a5bb-11e4-a040-0e0c41326911/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download data set here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yOioH63AYx0K0ktXFPFSgDIlrdw3-VmskVYvi9-5jqM/pubhtml?widget=true&headers=false\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/lowdown/15941/crowd-sourced-data-show-more-than150-killings-by-california-police-last-year","authors":["1263","7607"],"categories":["lowdown_552","lowdown_242","lowdown_457","lowdown_2366"],"tags":["lowdown_579","lowdown_580"],"featImg":"lowdown_16021","label":"lowdown"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. 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