Researchers caution that there is not yet a definitive link between air pollution and the increase in childhood asthma. But many environmental advocates and experts still argue for the improvement of air quality as a defensive measure. What follows is not an exhaustive list -- this subject is far too complex to be comprehensively addressed here -- but a brief overview of some reforms that concerned experts believe would significantly improve the quality of the air we breathe.

In addition to requiring every car to have adequate maintenance and pollution control devices and limiting emissions from refineries, power plants and heavy industry, environmental advocates say that we need a comprehensive approach to reducing air pollution nationwide.

People won't elect to take the train if it is going to add hours to their trip or the bus if it makes them late for work. Experts say transportation planning and priorities need to be redirected to make public transportation a viable alternative to the automobile.

Research is currently under way to develop vehicles powered by energy sources that are cleaner than gasoline and diesel (electric and hydrogen power, for example). These alternatives need the support of industry, government and the public if they are ever to compete with gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles.

Solar power, wind generation, biomass conversion and other alternative energy strategies can reduce our dependence on polluting, expensive and politically-charged fossil fuels. Energy efficiency needs to be a top priority henceforth in the design and construction of vehicles, appliances, power plants and buildings.

Since those living in low-income communities face the greatest risk of exposure to toxic waste and dangerous levels of industrial and automobile emissions, these areas should receive particular priority in public health and environmental clean-up efforts. We all benefit if we protect the most vulnerable among us.

All of these changes require the support of an educated public. Numerous polls and studies establish that although Americans do love their creature comforts, they are not necessarily willing to sacrifice the environment to those comforts. Broader public debate will provide Americans with the information they need in order to make informed choices about the direction of U.S. transportation, energy and health policies as well as about the political leaders determining those choices.

For more information and to find out what you can do, go to our resources section.

• The Hygiene Hypothesis: Are We Too Clean for Our Own Good?
• Return to 'Why Johnny, Julianna and Jose Can't Breathe'

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