Art Review

Old School Political Art, Circa 1830s, at the Cantor Arts Center

By Ben Marks | Aug 15, 2012

There's been a lot of buzz lately, at least among people I talk to, about a pair of exhibitions focusing on the protest art of Occupy and the graphics that accompanied the social-justice movement of the 1960s. The first show is Occupy Bay Area at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco through October 14, 2012. The second is All of Us or None: Social Justice Posters of the San Francisco Bay Area, which closes on August 19, 2012, at the Oakland Museum of California.

I wrote about the connection between the artwork produced by these two movements back in March for Collectors Weekly, but after seeing When Artists Attack the King: Honoré Daumier and La Caricature, 1830–1835, now through November 11, 2012, at the Cantor Art Center on the Stanford campus, I'm beginning to think I didn't go back far enough.

Honoré Daumier, Don't You Meddle with It!!, 1834.

On view are 50 pieces of ephemera and lithographs disseminated in journals such as La Caricature, which was a persistent thorn in the side of Louis-Philippe I of France, who assumed the throne after the Revolution of 1830. Published by Charles Philipon and printed by Delaporte, La Caricature promoted work that actually put people in jail, from its printer and publisher to one of its leading artists, Honoré Daumier. Finally fed up with the 450 or so unflattering caricatures of himself in La Caricature, Louis-Philippe shuttered the publication in 1835.

Daumier gets billing in the show's title because of his marquee name and body of work -- during his life, he created more than 4,000 lithographs. And importantly to this exhibition, he was a master of both caricature and portraiture, as seen in a lithograph titled Don't You Meddle with It!!. In the foreground stands a printer atop the words "Liberté de la Press" (Freedom of the Press), sledgehammer fists clenched at his sides. Behind him is a beaten Charles X, who was toppled by the Revolution of 1830, while to his right is Louis-Philippe, face hidden by his outstretched arm as a minister tries to restrain him, lest he make the same mistake as his predecessor.

Charles Joseph Traviès de Villers, Royal Theatre of Marionettes, 1834.

Seeing so many Daumiers in one place was a treat, but the work of Charles Joseph Traviès de Villers was a revelation. His wicked wit is on full display in What funny-looking heads!! and Most assuredly! The tree is rotten, there isn't even one good branch, among other acerbic gems. An artist whose work I was pleased to inspect up close for the first time was Eugène-Hippolyte Forest, whose Bastard Fetus Heredity, Still-Born Count D'Averton looks like a rejected Grateful Dead album cover but is really a commentary on the end of blood-line inheritance after the Revolution of 1830.

Eugène-Hippolyte Forest, Bastard Fetus Heredity, Still-Born Count D'Averton, 1831.

There's a lots of attitude and dark humor here (don't miss Little chick, chick, chick...come, come, come...come here little turkeys!), but in the end, the Daumiers remind us that the Revolution of 1830 was much more than a fashionable exercise in radical chic. Louis-Philippe's monarchy played for keeps. Rue Transnonain, le 15 April 1834 depicts the aftermath of an alleged sniper attack on the king, which sent police to the supposed site, where they promptly murdered the innocent inhabitants living there. Daumier shows the aftermath, of adults, the elderly and children alike, lying dead in their night clothes, scattered about like so much cord wood. For the most part, Daumier and his contemporaries used humor to rail against an impossible situation, but they paused every now and then to remind their readers that there was nothing funny about their struggle.

Honoré Daumier, Rue Transnonain, le 15 April 1834.

When Artists Attack the King: Honoré Daumier and La Caricature, 1830–1835 is on view through November 11, 2012, at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford. For more information, visit museum.stanford.edu.

Resources: Cantor Arts Center

The past, the present, the future, 1834, by Honoré Daumier

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