As she reviewed her recent findings on a computer at her then-home in Menlo Park, the power went out. The cause? An atmospheric river in February of last year.
“It was kind of an ironic moment to be thwarted by the very thing I’m trying to understand,” said Knight, a USGS research geographer who studies paleoclimatology — the effects of weather on Earth in the past.
By looking 3,200 years into the past, Knight extended atmospheric river knowledge significantly: twice in three millennia, atmospheric river activity exceeded anything in modern instrumental record keeping, deluging the state with widespread rainfall beyond what current Californians have ever experienced.
The 32 massive storms that drenched California last year pale in comparison to some of the storms in the state’s past. Climate scientists argue Knight’s data established a new baseline for understanding intensifying storms in today’s warming world because of human-caused climate change.
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“Understanding what happened when we didn’t have this additional layer of climate change is important to consider as a baseline for what to expect,” she said.
Knight and her colleagues extracted around 15-foot-deep sediment samples from the bottom of Leonard Lake, an almost entirely undisturbed lake in Mendocino County. Atmospheric rivers often hit the lake, causing sediment layers to settle on the lake floor, cementing things like titanium and silica into place. Using radiocarbon dating to determine the age of those organic materials, Knight compared that signal with current records. Once unearthed, the cores provided a more precise long-term history of atmospheric rivers in California.
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“We have provided some of the first direct physical evidence of atmospheric storms in California’s history that had not been previously known,” she said. “[It is] about 20 times longer than the information we had previously.”
‘It sets the baseline’
Widespread meteorology records in California began in the late 1940s, and for the longest time, historians viewed the wettest and most disastrous rain event in California as the Great Flood of 1862 — which killed at least 4,000 people and cost more than $3 billion in today’s dollars.
Cody Poulsen, who studies atmospheric rivers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said Knight’s findings are one missing puzzle piece in our understanding of future weather patterns in a warming climate.
“It sets the baseline in the sense that it provides a logical connection regarding the importance of atmospheric rivers,” he said. “This study creates a sobering result that the things that we think are extreme, amplified via global warming and climate change, could be more extreme.”
Knight’s study does have limitations. First, it focused only on one lake. Poulsen said that samples from lakes across the state are needed to have a more comprehensive view of atmospheric rivers’ effect on California in the past.
“This is just the tip of the spear,” he said.
Also, the study doesn’t resolve individual storms or water years. Instead, each data point holds around 10 years of information, “which in our field is extremely high resolution,” Knight said.
John Chiang, a UC Berkeley professor who studies atmospheric science, said Knight’s new record doesn’t accurately predict future storms in California.
“That being said, it does set a baseline in that this is a first of its kind to reconstruct the atmospheric activity in the past,” he said. “This data doesn’t corroborate the exact physics of what we think will happen in a future climate. Those variations occurred in the past when we didn’t have humanity.”
Knight hopes to expand her work to similar lakes across the coastal range and said learning from history “sets us up for a better conversation about risks.” She also would like her study to cause the state and water managers to “reassess the ability of existing infrastructure to handle these events.”
Michael Anderson, the state’s climatologist, is excited about the study because it takes computer model projections of future weather and turns them into “tangible” observations showing what happened in the past.
“That creates a stronger motivation to keep up the work we’re doing,” he said. “Our system is built to manage floods up to a certain size. Beyond that, the system can be overwhelmed.”
Anderson said the study is helpful in understanding “what makes extreme storms happen,” but more data is needed as the state prepares its reservoirs and waterways for extreme storms.
Along the Russian River in Sonoma and Mendocino counties, water managers track atmospheric rivers using radar units dispersed across mountaintops, flights during storms and the release of water from reservoirs when a big storm approaches.
“I think the findings bolster our current efforts to plan for the extremes that we’ve already been doing,” said Chris Delaney, principal engineer at Sonoma Water.
He said the agency might use Knight’s study in future planning because the new information means extreme events could extend beyond what the agency can handle.
“What we think is a 100-year event or a 500-year event now is probably not accurate if you were to look at the much longer period of climate like this study has done,” Delaney said.
Nathan Baskett, a hydrogeologist for Sonoma Water, said that having this new historical information about atmospheric rivers allows the agency to prepare for what could happen in the coming decades as the world continues to warm.
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“It’s nice to see that they have actual physical evidence of it,” he said. “From where I’m sitting, the more data, the better because I think that having that kind of data helps us project for the future.”
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Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"news","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"science_1992696":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992696","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992696","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-bay-area-butterfly-festival-is-happening-this-weekend-in-vallejo","title":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo","publishDate":1715691651,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>When Vilma Aquino first moved to Mare Island back in 2007, she would see hundreds of butterflies as she drove along the main drag of Vallejo’s peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I had died and gone to heaven,” she said, recalling the beautiful black and orange hues of the winged insect, fluttering against the backdrop of the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, when she goes over to the overwintering grounds of the monarch butterflies near Saint Peter’s Chapel, her experience is much different. Recently, she was there, and when she looked up, “I could see twelve,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of monarch butterflies and other pollinators in this area is an urgent problem, she said, because they’re important for pollinating all kinds of different wildflowers and other plants like blueberries, figs, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquino is the founding member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.vallejopeoplesgarden.org/\">Vallejo People’s Garden\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, volunteer-run community organization that focuses on educating the community about organic gardening and ways people can steward the land to help pollinators and the health of the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She helped organize the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/bay-area-butterfly-festival-2024-tickets-807492420567\">Bay Area Butterfly Festival\u003c/a> on Mare Island, happening on May 19. The event aims to bring thousands of people together to enjoy a day learning about the importance of pollinators and sustainability while enjoying food, live music, and a beautiful view of the Carquinez Strait from the boardwalk on Mare Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers said it’s the first of its kind for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo is a major migration path for the western monarch butterfly and used to be a place where thousands of monarchs overwinter. Across California, habitat loss, use of pesticides, disease, and a changing climate have contributed to the decline in their population. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/monarch-butterflies-wintering-california-down-30-percent-from-last-year-180983720/\">Monarch populations in California are 30% down from last year \u003c/a>and are a tiny fraction of what they were a few decades ago, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/\">Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a historic overwintering site in Vallejo,” said Annina Puccio, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://monarchmilkweedproject.org/\">Monarch Milkweed Project\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization focused on education around pollinators, especially monarch butterflies. The group is helping organize the festival/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=news_11901374 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-flower-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is with the decimation of the monarch population; we have not seen the amount of monarchs that we used to see,” she said. “We’re running out of time, and we need to save [our pollinators]. It’s so important to our food sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a whole diversity of pollinators out there that most people don’t realize that they are pollinators and how important they are to the environment,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this family-friendly festival, there will be more than a hundred vendors and exhibitors sharing the importance of butterflies like monarchs and ways people can help with the population decline of these pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be kid-friendly activities like arts and crafts and educational games, local businesses selling sustainable art and ware, and food trucks offering a variety of cuisines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proceeds from the event will go back to educating the community, Aquino added. “For the Vallejo People’s Garden, it would be hyperlocal, where we can make a change in our own backyard to teach our community in helping bring back the population of the monarchs that overwinter here on Mare Island,” Aquino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is when people walk away from [the festival], they’re going to know so much more about our pollinators, and they’re going to know what they can do to make a difference,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Bay Area Butterfly Festival is on Sunday, May 19, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. at 860 Nimitz Ave., Vallejo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Monarch butterflies, bees, birds, and other pollinators play an important role in our environment. That’s why community members want to make them the star of the show at the Bay Area Butterfly Festival on Mare Island, Vallejo.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715703423,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":649},"headData":{"title":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo | KQED","description":"Monarch butterflies, bees, birds, and other pollinators play an important role in our environment. That’s why community members want to make them the star of the show at the Bay Area Butterfly Festival on Mare Island, Vallejo.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Bay Area Butterfly Festival Is Happening This Weekend in Vallejo","datePublished":"2024-05-14T06:00:51-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T09:17:03-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992696/the-bay-area-butterfly-festival-is-happening-this-weekend-in-vallejo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Vilma Aquino first moved to Mare Island back in 2007, she would see hundreds of butterflies as she drove along the main drag of Vallejo’s peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I had died and gone to heaven,” she said, recalling the beautiful black and orange hues of the winged insect, fluttering against the backdrop of the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, when she goes over to the overwintering grounds of the monarch butterflies near Saint Peter’s Chapel, her experience is much different. Recently, she was there, and when she looked up, “I could see twelve,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline of monarch butterflies and other pollinators in this area is an urgent problem, she said, because they’re important for pollinating all kinds of different wildflowers and other plants like blueberries, figs, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquino is the founding member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.vallejopeoplesgarden.org/\">Vallejo People’s Garden\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, volunteer-run community organization that focuses on educating the community about organic gardening and ways people can steward the land to help pollinators and the health of the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She helped organize the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/bay-area-butterfly-festival-2024-tickets-807492420567\">Bay Area Butterfly Festival\u003c/a> on Mare Island, happening on May 19. The event aims to bring thousands of people together to enjoy a day learning about the importance of pollinators and sustainability while enjoying food, live music, and a beautiful view of the Carquinez Strait from the boardwalk on Mare Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers said it’s the first of its kind for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo is a major migration path for the western monarch butterfly and used to be a place where thousands of monarchs overwinter. Across California, habitat loss, use of pesticides, disease, and a changing climate have contributed to the decline in their population. \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/monarch-butterflies-wintering-california-down-30-percent-from-last-year-180983720/\">Monarch populations in California are 30% down from last year \u003c/a>and are a tiny fraction of what they were a few decades ago, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/\">Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a historic overwintering site in Vallejo,” said Annina Puccio, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://monarchmilkweedproject.org/\">Monarch Milkweed Project\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization focused on education around pollinators, especially monarch butterflies. The group is helping organize the festival/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11901374","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-flower-1020x574.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is with the decimation of the monarch population; we have not seen the amount of monarchs that we used to see,” she said. “We’re running out of time, and we need to save [our pollinators]. It’s so important to our food sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a whole diversity of pollinators out there that most people don’t realize that they are pollinators and how important they are to the environment,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this family-friendly festival, there will be more than a hundred vendors and exhibitors sharing the importance of butterflies like monarchs and ways people can help with the population decline of these pollinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be kid-friendly activities like arts and crafts and educational games, local businesses selling sustainable art and ware, and food trucks offering a variety of cuisines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proceeds from the event will go back to educating the community, Aquino added. “For the Vallejo People’s Garden, it would be hyperlocal, where we can make a change in our own backyard to teach our community in helping bring back the population of the monarchs that overwinter here on Mare Island,” Aquino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is when people walk away from [the festival], they’re going to know so much more about our pollinators, and they’re going to know what they can do to make a difference,” Puccio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Bay Area Butterfly Festival is on Sunday, May 19, 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. at 860 Nimitz Ave., Vallejo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992696/the-bay-area-butterfly-festival-is-happening-this-weekend-in-vallejo","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_205","science_2053"],"featImg":"science_1956195","label":"science"},"science_1992745":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992745","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992745","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area","title":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend","publishDate":1715627199,"format":"standard","headTitle":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>This weekend, many Bay Area residents caught a glimpse of the pinkish, purple glow of the aurora borealis illuminating the night skies — thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2024/05/11/1250750303/photos-see-northern-lights-from-rare-solar-storm\">a powerful solar storm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of the northern lights lit up social media, which experts had cautioned might not be visible everywhere. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The redder the color over a state or province, the more likely auroras will be visible.\u003c/a> The greener the color, the less likely they will be visible,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute and the OLLI Program at SF State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the strongest such solar storm seen in over 20 years. But if you were one of the many people who missed the light show this time around, don’t worry. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The next year or so will be a good time for space weather fans,\u003c/a>” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a roundup of some of those stunning moments around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992754\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1169px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992754 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1169\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg 1169w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured above Rat Rock, China Camp State Park. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992755\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992755 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the northern lights in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992769 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The northern lights (aurora borealis) illuminate the sky of San Francisco North Bay as seen from China Camp Beach in San Rafael, California, on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992757\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2157\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1367x2048.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights above a red jeep in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(punksworld on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992758\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992758\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights in Pacifica on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(weekendwanderersinc on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992770\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992770\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(sooshroot on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992766\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen above houses in Dublin. \u003ccite>(Chakri)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Milpitas. \u003ccite>(_DigitalHunk_ on Reddit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992810\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992810\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured off Pine Flat Road in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. \u003ccite>(Reed Maidenberg )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/danbrekke/status/1789180045208228062\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/drwpuma/status/1789518716931285015\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/EddalaineMF/status/1789307673630106010\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DivyaDubey1/status/1789187575183519942\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kurtzmanphoto/status/1789479847376695494\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Buyside_Guy/status/1789183826629177682\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/C65VUZPriAx\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you missed out on the seeing the aurora borealis this weekend, these stunning images might cure your FOMO (or, let's be honest, make it worse.)","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715718548,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":334},"headData":{"title":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend | KQED","description":"If you missed out on the seeing the aurora borealis this weekend, these stunning images might cure your FOMO (or, let's be honest, make it worse.)","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"See How the Northern Lights Lit Up the Bay Area This Weekend","datePublished":"2024-05-13T12:06:39-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T13:29:08-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992745","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This weekend, many Bay Area residents caught a glimpse of the pinkish, purple glow of the aurora borealis illuminating the night skies — thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2024/05/11/1250750303/photos-see-northern-lights-from-rare-solar-storm\">a powerful solar storm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Images of the northern lights lit up social media, which experts had cautioned might not be visible everywhere. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The redder the color over a state or province, the more likely auroras will be visible.\u003c/a> The greener the color, the less likely they will be visible,” said Andrew Fraknoi, astronomer and professor at the University of San Francisco’s Fromm Institute and the OLLI Program at SF State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the strongest such solar storm seen in over 20 years. But if you were one of the many people who missed the light show this time around, don’t worry. “\u003ca href=\"https://www.fraknoi.com/astronomy/injecting-caution-into-media-reports-of-northern-lights-as-far-south-as-california/\">The next year or so will be a good time for space weather fans,\u003c/a>” Fraknoi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a roundup of some of those stunning moments around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992754\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1169px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992754 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1169\" height=\"785\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1.jpg 1169w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-1020x685.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/99C42DD2-C04A-476F-B3B9-AF9F195F01D5-1-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured above Rat Rock, China Camp State Park. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992755\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992755 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/E461FAA3-2C83-46D6-B90E-BE77A67A3490-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the northern lights in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Shreenivasan Manievannan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992769 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/GettyImages-2151894225-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The northern lights (aurora borealis) illuminate the sky of San Francisco North Bay as seen from China Camp Beach in San Rafael, California, on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992757\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2157\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1020x1528.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-768x1150.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/5BBF8ED2-A744-49AD-A5FE-07431FAD81FE-1367x2048.jpg 1367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights above a red jeep in Sonoma County on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(punksworld on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992758\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992758\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_436270251_3872977819599208_1102055545489797992_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights in Pacifica on May 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(weekendwanderersinc on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992770\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992770\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/Snapinsta.app_442137004_422592330720065_3064411462958783830_n_1080-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(sooshroot on Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992766\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/d5x7nopwi80d1-1-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen above houses in Dublin. \u003ccite>(Chakri)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992788\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992788\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/from-milpitas-v0-qyq0n2lckrzc1-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights seen in Milpitas. \u003ccite>(_DigitalHunk_ on Reddit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992810\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992810\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/3ff84ee6-71bb-4302-860f-0293bc6ee987-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern lights captured off Pine Flat Road in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. \u003ccite>(Reed Maidenberg )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789180045208228062"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789518716931285015"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789307673630106010"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789187575183519942"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789479847376695494"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1789183826629177682"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"instagramLink","attributes":{"named":{"instagramId":"C65VUZPriAx"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992745/see-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bay-area","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_4450"],"tags":["science_4992","science_5303","science_5304"],"featImg":"science_1992756","label":"science"},"science_1992816":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992816","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992816","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californians-urged-to-avoid-raw-milk-amid-bird-flu-outbreak-on-dairy-farms","title":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms","publishDate":1715889657,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Raw milk can carry dangerous bacteria at any time. But as bird flu continues to circulate in cow herds across the U.S., federal regulators and health experts are cautioning California’s raw milk producers and consumers that the risks from drinking unpasteurized milk are heading in one direction: up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the warnings, raw milk continues to be produced and sold in the state’s grocers, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture told KQED its sale remains legal, which officials allow so long as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Milk_and_Dairy_Food_Safety/rawmilk.html\">producers can show a\u003c/a> “continual and highly diligent attention to cleanliness and hygiene at both the farm and the bottling plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike pasteurized milk, raw milk does not undergo a heating process that is meant to kill or inactivate harmful bacteria and viruses. Researchers do not yet know how the virus may be transmitted to humans, and scientists like UC Davis’ Essam Abdelfattah are concerned that people who drink raw milk could get sick. “Any human being drinking raw milk is putting themselves at higher risk for diseases,” Abdelfattah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With California allowing the sale of raw milk, regulators are putting consumers at a higher risk of exposure to multiple diseases, not only bacterial diseases but also avian influenza, he said. Abdelfattah is a veterinary scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture detected the\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON512#:~:text=On%2025%20March%2C%20the%20USDA,recently%20received%20cows%20from%20Texas.\"> first cases of bird flu\u003c/a>, or H5N1, in dairy cattle on March 25 in Texas and Kansas. Since then, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/livestock\">detected dozens of herds positive for the virus\u003c/a> in 9 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While none of these cases were in California, scientists recommend erring on the side of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like many infectious agents, there is no magic wall between states,” said Peter Chin-Hong, infectious disease physician at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that the possibility of the virus reaching California shouldn’t be ruled out. “Personally, for me and my family members, people I care about, and my patients, I’ll tell them to lay off raw milk right now,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although scientists agree that the likelihood of human transmissions from cows is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/inhumans.htm#:~:text=The%20detections%20of,against%20bird%20flu.\">currently low\u003c/a>, that could change in the next few months. “The ground zero of avian flu is not the cow; it’s the bird. And birds fly from state to state with wild abandon,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-flu-summary.htm\">two reported human cases of bird flu\u003c/a> in the U.S., one following an exposure to poultry in 2022 and one, more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p0401-avian-flu.html\">recently\u003c/a>, in a person who interacted with infected dairy cows in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debate over drinking raw milk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration bans the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-safety-and-raw-milk\">interstate sale of raw milk\u003c/a> and has long cautioned people against drinking it because of the risk of foodborne diseases; guidance that the agency is \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">now reiterating\u003c/a> because of the spread of bird flu. The agency asked that the industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/milk-guidance-documents-regulatory-information/questions-and-answers-regarding-milk-safety-during-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai-outbreaks#:~:text=Because%20of%20the%20limited%20information,those%20infected%20with%20avian%20influenza\">stop manufacturing or selling raw milk products\u003c/a> from cows showing symptoms or that were exposed to the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also warns people that \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/fast-facts.html\">drinking raw milk can lead to serious illness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11986062,news_11970666\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Last month, the FDA reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai\">1 in 5 pasteurized milk products\u003c/a> nationwide tested positive for the H5N1 virus. Pasteurized milk appears to still be safe to consume because the process makes the virus inactive. Nevertheless, experts believe that the significant viral load might suggest that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/bird-flu-doesnt-pose-imminent-pandemic-risk-but-lack-of-transparency-planning-a-cause-for-concern/\">virus is spreading at a higher rate \u003c/a>than previously known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry groups and producers of raw milk have pushed back, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/updates/avian-flu-and-raw-milk-a-common-sense-approach#:~:text=The%20FDA%20acknowledges%20that%20%E2%80%9Cthere,raw%20milk%20can%20be%20carefully\">calling the warnings against raw milk related to avian flu “fear-mongering.”\u003c/a> Mark McAfee, the CEO and founder of Raw Farm, a dairy farm in Fresno and one of the largest raw milk producers in the country, said the sale of his company’s product “has never been higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers have figured out how to produce raw milk at a very low risk,” he said. He argues there are ways to produce raw milk that are clean and safe to drink. This includes sourcing milk from a single farm and ensuring that the milking equipment is clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonni Gilley, a Fresno resident, has been drinking raw milk for more than 20 years and said it hasn’t made her sick. The recent warning left her undeterred. “Raw means raw, like out of the lady, out of the cow,” she said. “To me, it’s more wholesome. I always look for products that are as close to being directly off the vine as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chin-Hong thinks continuing raw milk consumption, given the rapidly evolving nature of the virus, is “like playing Russian roulette.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk of infection isn’t the same for everyone,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to potential infection, he is most concerned about elderly people, young children, immunocompromised and pregnant individuals. “It’s often more challenging to treat these individuals just because their immune system isn’t quite as developed or robust. And the ability of drugs to work depends on some help from the immune system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/influenza-virus-vaccine-h5n1-national-stockpile\">stockpiling\u003c/a> vaccines and adjuvants and are ready to manufacture more if needed. Doctors can currently choose from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/novel-av-treatment-guidance.htm\">four antiviral options\u003c/a> and administer them to those suspected of H5N1 infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently no requirement to test raw milk for H5N1. The FDA and USDA said they are working on \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/05/10/usda-hhs-announce-new-actions-reduce-impact-and-spread-h5n1#:~:text=To%20help%20states%20comply%20with,and%20Response%2C%20known%20as%20CEIRRs.\">testing retail milk and dairy samples\u003c/a> for H5N1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who choose to continue to drink raw milk should be extra cautious, Chin-Hong said. He recommends that people look out for any symptoms, such as headache, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, or vomiting, and contact their healthcare provider. “Because the earlier someone can get ahead of it, the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Slowing the spread of bird flu\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, a nonprofit that advocates for food and agricultural issues, said too much attention has been given to drinking or not drinking milk. The bigger issue is containing the potential spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/04/24/usda-actions-protect-livestock-health-highly-pathogenic-h5n1-avian\">required H5N1 PCR or genetic testing\u003c/a> for all dairy cattle before they are moved between states. But Hanson thinks that rule is not strict enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USDA and the FDA need to be banning any shipment of animals from farms that are known to have the bird flu to other operations, whether in the state or out of state,” he said. “We don’t want this virus to mutate and act in mammals the way it does in poultry. The FDA and the USDA need to get their act together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avian flu can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">transmitted \u003c/a>from birds to other animals through direct contact, such as with saliva, mucus, and feces of infected animals, or through another animal, like pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs are known to be susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses. They theoretically could act as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">intermediate host\u003c/a>, or a go-between, of the new kind of infection, passing on a hybrid mutation of the virus to a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this hybrid virus survives in humans, it can be easily transmitted to other humans. Something similar happened in 2009 with another avian influenza virus, H1N1, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841239/\">killed over 200,000 people worldwide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the risk to the general public remains low, UC Davis’s Abdelfattah said people who work on farms and have regular contact with infected animals should be extra cautious because they are at higher risk of infection. “We need to care about the safety of these workers because these people are on the front line,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the precautions include wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks while handling sick animals. California health officials told KQED that they will support a one-time distribution of respirators, gloves, safety goggles and other protective equipment to workers at dairy and poultry farms, as well as slaughterhouses, as these businesses scramble to protect against bird flu.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With bird flu spreading on dairy farms across the U.S., federal scientists and health experts warn people about increased risks from drinking raw milk. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715899065,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1369},"headData":{"title":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms | KQED","description":"With bird flu spreading on dairy farms across the U.S., federal scientists and health experts warn people about increased risks from drinking raw milk. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Californians Urged to Avoid Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Outbreak on Dairy Farms","datePublished":"2024-05-16T13:00:57-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-16T15:37:45-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Kristel Tjandra","nprStoryId":"kqed-1992816","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992816/californians-urged-to-avoid-raw-milk-amid-bird-flu-outbreak-on-dairy-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Raw milk can carry dangerous bacteria at any time. But as bird flu continues to circulate in cow herds across the U.S., federal regulators and health experts are cautioning California’s raw milk producers and consumers that the risks from drinking unpasteurized milk are heading in one direction: up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the warnings, raw milk continues to be produced and sold in the state’s grocers, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture told KQED its sale remains legal, which officials allow so long as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Milk_and_Dairy_Food_Safety/rawmilk.html\">producers can show a\u003c/a> “continual and highly diligent attention to cleanliness and hygiene at both the farm and the bottling plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike pasteurized milk, raw milk does not undergo a heating process that is meant to kill or inactivate harmful bacteria and viruses. Researchers do not yet know how the virus may be transmitted to humans, and scientists like UC Davis’ Essam Abdelfattah are concerned that people who drink raw milk could get sick. “Any human being drinking raw milk is putting themselves at higher risk for diseases,” Abdelfattah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With California allowing the sale of raw milk, regulators are putting consumers at a higher risk of exposure to multiple diseases, not only bacterial diseases but also avian influenza, he said. Abdelfattah is a veterinary scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture detected the\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON512#:~:text=On%2025%20March%2C%20the%20USDA,recently%20received%20cows%20from%20Texas.\"> first cases of bird flu\u003c/a>, or H5N1, in dairy cattle on March 25 in Texas and Kansas. Since then, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/livestock\">detected dozens of herds positive for the virus\u003c/a> in 9 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While none of these cases were in California, scientists recommend erring on the side of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like many infectious agents, there is no magic wall between states,” said Peter Chin-Hong, infectious disease physician at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that the possibility of the virus reaching California shouldn’t be ruled out. “Personally, for me and my family members, people I care about, and my patients, I’ll tell them to lay off raw milk right now,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although scientists agree that the likelihood of human transmissions from cows is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/inhumans.htm#:~:text=The%20detections%20of,against%20bird%20flu.\">currently low\u003c/a>, that could change in the next few months. “The ground zero of avian flu is not the cow; it’s the bird. And birds fly from state to state with wild abandon,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, there have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-flu-summary.htm\">two reported human cases of bird flu\u003c/a> in the U.S., one following an exposure to poultry in 2022 and one, more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p0401-avian-flu.html\">recently\u003c/a>, in a person who interacted with infected dairy cows in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debate over drinking raw milk\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration bans the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/food-safety-and-raw-milk\">interstate sale of raw milk\u003c/a> and has long cautioned people against drinking it because of the risk of foodborne diseases; guidance that the agency is \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">now reiterating\u003c/a> because of the spread of bird flu. The agency asked that the industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/milk-guidance-documents-regulatory-information/questions-and-answers-regarding-milk-safety-during-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai-outbreaks#:~:text=Because%20of%20the%20limited%20information,those%20infected%20with%20avian%20influenza\">stop manufacturing or selling raw milk products\u003c/a> from cows showing symptoms or that were exposed to the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also warns people that \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/rawmilk/fast-facts.html\">drinking raw milk can lead to serious illness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11986062,news_11970666","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last month, the FDA reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/updates-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai\">1 in 5 pasteurized milk products\u003c/a> nationwide tested positive for the H5N1 virus. Pasteurized milk appears to still be safe to consume because the process makes the virus inactive. Nevertheless, experts believe that the significant viral load might suggest that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/bird-flu-doesnt-pose-imminent-pandemic-risk-but-lack-of-transparency-planning-a-cause-for-concern/\">virus is spreading at a higher rate \u003c/a>than previously known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry groups and producers of raw milk have pushed back, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/updates/avian-flu-and-raw-milk-a-common-sense-approach#:~:text=The%20FDA%20acknowledges%20that%20%E2%80%9Cthere,raw%20milk%20can%20be%20carefully\">calling the warnings against raw milk related to avian flu “fear-mongering.”\u003c/a> Mark McAfee, the CEO and founder of Raw Farm, a dairy farm in Fresno and one of the largest raw milk producers in the country, said the sale of his company’s product “has never been higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers have figured out how to produce raw milk at a very low risk,” he said. He argues there are ways to produce raw milk that are clean and safe to drink. This includes sourcing milk from a single farm and ensuring that the milking equipment is clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonni Gilley, a Fresno resident, has been drinking raw milk for more than 20 years and said it hasn’t made her sick. The recent warning left her undeterred. “Raw means raw, like out of the lady, out of the cow,” she said. “To me, it’s more wholesome. I always look for products that are as close to being directly off the vine as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chin-Hong thinks continuing raw milk consumption, given the rapidly evolving nature of the virus, is “like playing Russian roulette.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk of infection isn’t the same for everyone,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to potential infection, he is most concerned about elderly people, young children, immunocompromised and pregnant individuals. “It’s often more challenging to treat these individuals just because their immune system isn’t quite as developed or robust. And the ability of drugs to work depends on some help from the immune system,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/influenza-virus-vaccine-h5n1-national-stockpile\">stockpiling\u003c/a> vaccines and adjuvants and are ready to manufacture more if needed. Doctors can currently choose from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/novel-av-treatment-guidance.htm\">four antiviral options\u003c/a> and administer them to those suspected of H5N1 infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently no requirement to test raw milk for H5N1. The FDA and USDA said they are working on \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/05/10/usda-hhs-announce-new-actions-reduce-impact-and-spread-h5n1#:~:text=To%20help%20states%20comply%20with,and%20Response%2C%20known%20as%20CEIRRs.\">testing retail milk and dairy samples\u003c/a> for H5N1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who choose to continue to drink raw milk should be extra cautious, Chin-Hong said. He recommends that people look out for any symptoms, such as headache, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, or vomiting, and contact their healthcare provider. “Because the earlier someone can get ahead of it, the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Slowing the spread of bird flu\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, a nonprofit that advocates for food and agricultural issues, said too much attention has been given to drinking or not drinking milk. The bigger issue is containing the potential spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, the USDA has \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/04/24/usda-actions-protect-livestock-health-highly-pathogenic-h5n1-avian\">required H5N1 PCR or genetic testing\u003c/a> for all dairy cattle before they are moved between states. But Hanson thinks that rule is not strict enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USDA and the FDA need to be banning any shipment of animals from farms that are known to have the bird flu to other operations, whether in the state or out of state,” he said. “We don’t want this virus to mutate and act in mammals the way it does in poultry. The FDA and the USDA need to get their act together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avian flu can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">transmitted \u003c/a>from birds to other animals through direct contact, such as with saliva, mucus, and feces of infected animals, or through another animal, like pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pigs are known to be susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses. They theoretically could act as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/virus-transmission.htm\">intermediate host\u003c/a>, or a go-between, of the new kind of infection, passing on a hybrid mutation of the virus to a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this hybrid virus survives in humans, it can be easily transmitted to other humans. Something similar happened in 2009 with another avian influenza virus, H1N1, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841239/\">killed over 200,000 people worldwide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the risk to the general public remains low, UC Davis’s Abdelfattah said people who work on farms and have regular contact with infected animals should be extra cautious because they are at higher risk of infection. “We need to care about the safety of these workers because these people are on the front line,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the precautions include wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks while handling sick animals. California health officials told KQED that they will support a one-time distribution of respirators, gloves, safety goggles and other protective equipment to workers at dairy and poultry farms, as well as slaughterhouses, as these businesses scramble to protect against bird flu.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992816/californians-urged-to-avoid-raw-milk-amid-bird-flu-outbreak-on-dairy-farms","authors":["byline_science_1992816"],"categories":["science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_664","science_4417","science_4414","science_5306"],"featImg":"science_1992812","label":"science"},"science_1992713":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992713","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992713","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"sick-brown-pelicans-are-turning-up-along-the-coast-and-we-dont-know-why","title":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don't Know Why","publishDate":1715461229,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don’t Know Why | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Dozens of malnourished and injured brown pelicans are turning up along the Northern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russ Curtis, a spokesperson for the nonprofit organization International Bird Rescue, said the organization has also recovered sick pelicans in Southern California. Since April 20, the organization has cared for more than 235 pelicans at its wildlife rescue centers in Fairfield in the Bay Area and San Pedro in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re in really poor physical shape. They’re starving, and they haven’t gotten enough nutrition,” Curtis said in an interview with KQED. Some of the injuries are from fishing lines and hooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When there’s not the fishing stock that they can find, they take chances around fishing piers and fishing boats and places where there are people with fishing tackle,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992738 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caeley Carnahan (left) and Esther Timberlake examine a California Brown Pelican and feed it vitamins in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sick birds have been spotted off Alameda Point in the Bay Area, which is a roosting ground for brown pelicans. But many were found where people usually don’t find these stocky, large seabirds. On city streets and parking lots, for example. One bird in Santa Cruz attempted to walk into a bar, Curtis said. The majority of pelicans at the Fairfield center came from the Monterey and Santa Cruz areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear why the birds are having trouble finding food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still a mystery,” Curtis said. “We haven’t had any conclusive proof of what’s really going out in the wild right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992742 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russ Curtis at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> reported there was a similar spike in malnourished brown pelicans along California’s coast in 2022, with no clear cause. International Bird Rescue reported other spikes in starving brown pelicans in 2010 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these prior incidents, International Bird Rescue cared for pelicans for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to release them back out to an area where there is not proper fish stock for them to feed on,” Curtis said. “They would just rebound and probably come back into care at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992728 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescued California Brown Pelicans in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While they wait for more information, Curtis said wildlife rescue centers like theirs — which rely on public donations — are feeling a financial squeeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, we’re going through about 500 pounds of fish a day just at this center, and that’s about $1,000 a day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis said the public can help by keeping an eye out for unwell brown pelicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992740 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julie Skoglund (center) and Caeley Carnahan examine a California Brown Pelican in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As you enjoy the warm weather and you’re at the beach or along the coast, if you see a pelican that’s out of place or might have a fishing line injury, if you see something, say something,” Curtis said. “Let your local animal control know that there’s a bird in distress, and let’s get it into care as soon as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you see an injured or unwell pelican, you can reach International Bird Rescue’s Bird HelpLine at 866-SOS-BIRD or get help by calling your local animal control.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"International Bird Rescue has recovered dozens of emaciated brown pelicans already. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715627250,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":630},"headData":{"title":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don't Know Why | KQED","description":"International Bird Rescue has recovered dozens of emaciated brown pelicans already. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Sick Brown Pelicans Are Turning Up Along the Coast — and We Don't Know Why","datePublished":"2024-05-11T14:00:29-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:07:30-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/afinney\">Annelise Finney\u003c/a>","nprStoryId":"kqed-1992713","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992713/sick-brown-pelicans-are-turning-up-along-the-coast-and-we-dont-know-why","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dozens of malnourished and injured brown pelicans are turning up along the Northern California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russ Curtis, a spokesperson for the nonprofit organization International Bird Rescue, said the organization has also recovered sick pelicans in Southern California. Since April 20, the organization has cared for more than 235 pelicans at its wildlife rescue centers in Fairfield in the Bay Area and San Pedro in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re in really poor physical shape. They’re starving, and they haven’t gotten enough nutrition,” Curtis said in an interview with KQED. Some of the injuries are from fishing lines and hooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When there’s not the fishing stock that they can find, they take chances around fishing piers and fishing boats and places where there are people with fishing tackle,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992738\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992738 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-04-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caeley Carnahan (left) and Esther Timberlake examine a California Brown Pelican and feed it vitamins in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sick birds have been spotted off Alameda Point in the Bay Area, which is a roosting ground for brown pelicans. But many were found where people usually don’t find these stocky, large seabirds. On city streets and parking lots, for example. One bird in Santa Cruz attempted to walk into a bar, Curtis said. The majority of pelicans at the Fairfield center came from the Monterey and Santa Cruz areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear why the birds are having trouble finding food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s still a mystery,” Curtis said. “We haven’t had any conclusive proof of what’s really going out in the wild right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992742 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-06-KQED-2-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russ Curtis at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> reported there was a similar spike in malnourished brown pelicans along California’s coast in 2022, with no clear cause. International Bird Rescue reported other spikes in starving brown pelicans in 2010 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During these prior incidents, International Bird Rescue cared for pelicans for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to release them back out to an area where there is not proper fish stock for them to feed on,” Curtis said. “They would just rebound and probably come back into care at some point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992728 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-05-KQED-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rescued California Brown Pelicans in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While they wait for more information, Curtis said wildlife rescue centers like theirs — which rely on public donations — are feeling a financial squeeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, we’re going through about 500 pounds of fish a day just at this center, and that’s about $1,000 a day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis said the public can help by keeping an eye out for unwell brown pelicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992740\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1992740 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240510-SICK-PELICANS-MD-02-KQED-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julie Skoglund (center) and Caeley Carnahan examine a California Brown Pelican in a rehabilitation pen at International Bird Rescue in Fairfield on May 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As you enjoy the warm weather and you’re at the beach or along the coast, if you see a pelican that’s out of place or might have a fishing line injury, if you see something, say something,” Curtis said. “Let your local animal control know that there’s a bird in distress, and let’s get it into care as soon as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you see an injured or unwell pelican, you can reach International Bird Rescue’s Bird HelpLine at 866-SOS-BIRD or get help by calling your local animal control.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992713/sick-brown-pelicans-are-turning-up-along-the-coast-and-we-dont-know-why","authors":["byline_science_1992713"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_163","science_4417","science_4414","science_309","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1992725","label":"science"},"science_1992803":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992803","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992803","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"newsom-seeks-faster-track-for-home-insurance-rate-hikes-as-market-shrinks","title":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks","publishDate":1715711087,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>With wildfire risk and inflation making new homeowners insurance policies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980757/state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies\">increasingly difficult to find in California\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulations that could speed up state reviews of requested rate hikes by insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules Newsom requested by executive order last fall are part of a series of proposed changes from the California Department of Insurance that would go into effect at the end of this year. But speaking on Friday at a press conference, Newsom said he didn’t think that would be soon enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“December? I don’t think we have that much time,” Newsom said. “We need to move. We need to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to work with legislators on a trailer bill, to be attached to the state budget, that could go into effect July 1, enacting regulatory changes to streamline the information insurance companies have to provide to the state when they want to make a change to their rates, whether those are increases or decreases. The proposed changes covered by the trailer bill would also impose time limits on how long the insurance department has to approve or deny those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, this can take many months, even several years. It’s a major complaint from the insurance industry, which has seen a growing number of insurers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992401/homeowners-insurance-market-stretched-even-thinner-as-2-more-companies-leave-california\">pull out of California’s homeowners market\u003c/a> in recent months. From their perspective, by the time a rate increase is approved, it’s already out of date. Newsom wants to see this take only two months at most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get this rate ruling process done, and that’s why we want to expedite it over a 60-day period. We need to stabilize this market. We need to send the right signals,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state’s powerful Consumer Watchdog organization pushed back on Newsom’s proposal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-05-13/california-governor-newsom-insurance-rates-fair-plan\">saying it could become a “rubber stamp” for proposed rate increases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the insurance department will continue working on the rest of a suite of regulatory overhauls under what it is calling the \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/180-climate-change/SustainableInsuranceStrategy.cfm\">Sustainable Insurance Strategy\u003c/a>. This includes allowing insurers to use forward-looking models to set rates instead of just historical data; allowing some reinsurance costs — reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies — into customer rates; and requiring insurers to write a lot more coverage in risky parts of the state, with the goal of de-populating the teetering FAIR Plan, California’s insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara wrote on X, formerly Twitter, that he appreciated the governor’s support and agreed quick action was needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Epstein, CEO of the Independent Insurance Agents and Brokers of California, said it was hard to know exactly what to think about the bill until details were released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, we would welcome anything that will expedite this process,” Epstein said. “It sounds great, and I hope it’s meaningful when it gets put in print.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement could be a major step toward assuaging the concerns of insurers operating in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1992401,news_11980757,science_1985175\"]“I’ve been watching this happen over the last three, four or five years. And we reached that tipping point, and we fell over it,” said Karl Susman, owner of Susman Insurance Agency. “And so now everyone is rushing to try and fix the problem that has been occurring slowly. So, on one hand, I’m shocked that they’re taking this as seriously as they, frankly, should have been for quite some time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said, Newsom’s action on something that is already part of the Sustainable Insurance Strategy could signal to private insurance carriers that the state is serious about enacting changes. He said that may encourage them to start re-entering the insurance market sooner than the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, in a recent insurance hearing, one major company said it would return to the state once reforms are enacted. “If the regulations were in effect today, we would begin selling new homeowner insurance policies tomorrow,” said Gerald Zimmerman, senior vice president of government relations for Allstate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the changes will not likely immediately relieve homeowners paying for insurance policies. “It’s still going to be a while,” Epstein said. “And when I say relief, let’s be clear that people’s premiums and the rates are going up. Everyone agrees that [will happen]. So when I say relief, I mean relief from a market that is so stressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to the FAIR Plan, which is so over-committed and under-resourced it is nearing a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more options,” Epstein said. “The way it all works, the more options we have for our consumers, the more stable our market, the lower the prices will get. And that’s where we were for so many years. And we need to get back.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"With wildfire risk and inflation destabilizing California's homeowners insurance market, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulatory changes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715713022,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":863},"headData":{"title":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks | KQED","description":"With wildfire risk and inflation destabilizing California's homeowners insurance market, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulatory changes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Newsom Seeks Faster Track for Home Insurance Rate Hikes as Market Shrinks","datePublished":"2024-05-14T11:24:47-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T11:57:02-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992803","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992803/newsom-seeks-faster-track-for-home-insurance-rate-hikes-as-market-shrinks","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With wildfire risk and inflation making new homeowners insurance policies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11980757/state-insurance-chief-tries-to-fix-insurance-market-hit-by-climate-change-rising-premiums-and-canceled-policies\">increasingly difficult to find in California\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom is pushing to fast-track new regulations that could speed up state reviews of requested rate hikes by insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules Newsom requested by executive order last fall are part of a series of proposed changes from the California Department of Insurance that would go into effect at the end of this year. But speaking on Friday at a press conference, Newsom said he didn’t think that would be soon enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“December? I don’t think we have that much time,” Newsom said. “We need to move. We need to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to work with legislators on a trailer bill, to be attached to the state budget, that could go into effect July 1, enacting regulatory changes to streamline the information insurance companies have to provide to the state when they want to make a change to their rates, whether those are increases or decreases. The proposed changes covered by the trailer bill would also impose time limits on how long the insurance department has to approve or deny those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, this can take many months, even several years. It’s a major complaint from the insurance industry, which has seen a growing number of insurers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1992401/homeowners-insurance-market-stretched-even-thinner-as-2-more-companies-leave-california\">pull out of California’s homeowners market\u003c/a> in recent months. From their perspective, by the time a rate increase is approved, it’s already out of date. Newsom wants to see this take only two months at most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get this rate ruling process done, and that’s why we want to expedite it over a 60-day period. We need to stabilize this market. We need to send the right signals,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders of the state’s powerful Consumer Watchdog organization pushed back on Newsom’s proposal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-05-13/california-governor-newsom-insurance-rates-fair-plan\">saying it could become a “rubber stamp” for proposed rate increases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the insurance department will continue working on the rest of a suite of regulatory overhauls under what it is calling the \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/180-climate-change/SustainableInsuranceStrategy.cfm\">Sustainable Insurance Strategy\u003c/a>. This includes allowing insurers to use forward-looking models to set rates instead of just historical data; allowing some reinsurance costs — reinsurance is insurance for insurance companies — into customer rates; and requiring insurers to write a lot more coverage in risky parts of the state, with the goal of de-populating the teetering FAIR Plan, California’s insurer of last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara wrote on X, formerly Twitter, that he appreciated the governor’s support and agreed quick action was needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jill Epstein, CEO of the Independent Insurance Agents and Brokers of California, said it was hard to know exactly what to think about the bill until details were released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly, we would welcome anything that will expedite this process,” Epstein said. “It sounds great, and I hope it’s meaningful when it gets put in print.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement could be a major step toward assuaging the concerns of insurers operating in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1992401,news_11980757,science_1985175"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I’ve been watching this happen over the last three, four or five years. And we reached that tipping point, and we fell over it,” said Karl Susman, owner of Susman Insurance Agency. “And so now everyone is rushing to try and fix the problem that has been occurring slowly. So, on one hand, I’m shocked that they’re taking this as seriously as they, frankly, should have been for quite some time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said, Newsom’s action on something that is already part of the Sustainable Insurance Strategy could signal to private insurance carriers that the state is serious about enacting changes. He said that may encourage them to start re-entering the insurance market sooner than the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, in a recent insurance hearing, one major company said it would return to the state once reforms are enacted. “If the regulations were in effect today, we would begin selling new homeowner insurance policies tomorrow,” said Gerald Zimmerman, senior vice president of government relations for Allstate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the changes will not likely immediately relieve homeowners paying for insurance policies. “It’s still going to be a while,” Epstein said. “And when I say relief, let’s be clear that people’s premiums and the rates are going up. Everyone agrees that [will happen]. So when I say relief, I mean relief from a market that is so stressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to the FAIR Plan, which is so over-committed and under-resourced it is nearing a breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more options,” Epstein said. “The way it all works, the more options we have for our consumers, the more stable our market, the lower the prices will get. And that’s where we were for so many years. And we need to get back.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992803/newsom-seeks-faster-track-for-home-insurance-rate-hikes-as-market-shrinks","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_5275","science_5274","science_3779","science_113"],"featImg":"science_1970583","label":"science"},"science_1992686":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992686","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992686","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race","title":"Climate Voters Grapple With Ethical Dilemma in California's District 13 Race","publishDate":1715598034,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Climate Voters Grapple With Ethical Dilemma in California’s District 13 Race | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Central Valley resident Sebastian Cervantes is all too familiar with flooded homes, bone-dry earth and amber-tinted, smoke-filled skies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate is a huge issue, not just for me but for everyone in the Central Valley,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cervantes typically votes for candidates with solid climate agendas because he’s “lived through and experienced” climate disasters in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, he’s willing to put his climate advocacy aside. Cervantes said he can’t ethically vote for candidates this election cycle who support or aid Israel’s war in Gaza. He plans to abstain from voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These politicians don’t care about us or the climate; they mostly care about their profit and motives,” he said. “If they want to continue the status quo, then we’ll just say we don’t want you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 27-year-old lives in Atwater, a city in Merced County and California’s U.S. House District 13. The primarily rural district extends south of Stockton and to the edge of Fresno. Merced is one of its most populous cities, even with a population of fewer than 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992662\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign says, ‘Old Town Atwater’ in Atwater, Merced County, in the Central Valley on May 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The race for District 13 is one of the tightest in the country and could help decide control of the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2022, Republican John Duarte defeated Democrat Adam Gray by fewer than 600 votes, and the two candidates will face off again in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of climate are among the top issues voters here care about, said \u003ca href=\"https://bse.berkeley.edu/lisa-garc%C3%ADa-bedolla\">Lisa García Bedolla\u003c/a>, UC Berkeley’s vice provost for graduate studies. Last summer, she polled over 300 District 13 registered voters about their top concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But election experts said growing dissent over \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/world/middleeast/israel-us-aid.html\">U.S. support of Israel’s war\u003c/a> may dip congressional races toward conservative candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats will need progressives like Cervantes to win, and these voters would typically support President Joe Biden and his party because of their climate policies, which include passing the biggest climate law in U.S. history: the Inflation Reduction Act. Former President Donald Trump has pledged to reverse that and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912799501/i-don-t-think-science-knows-visiting-fires-trump-denies-climate-change\">declined to acknowledge the role climate change played in fueling California’s megafires\u003c/a> while visiting the state during the fire storms of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992661\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992661\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Standing water pools on a street corner in Planada, Merced County, on May 8, 2024, in an area of the town that flooded in 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these voters are so disillusioned with the U.S. and\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\"> its financial support of Israel\u003c/a>, which is in its eighth month of a siege of Gaza, that they might sit out this election altogether. “Our taxes are being spent on bombs and advanced military equipment to help Israeli soldiers continue displacing Palestinians,” Cervantes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cervantes voted for Democrat Adam Gray in 2022 and said he might reconsider abstaining this year if Gray denounced U.S. support of Israel and called for a cease-fire. Gray did not respond to KQED for comment — and Duarte declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters like Cervantes are making their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">voices heard on college campuses\u003c/a> across the country, pushing for a cease-fire in Gaza and asking colleges to divest from companies working with Israel’s military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/07/1249550208/israel-gaza-rafah-crossing\">Israeli forces have killed over 34,000 Palestinians\u003c/a>, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. Israel’s attacks have displaced some \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-04-30-2024-f5e14fd176d69f9c4e23b48f3ab5af6a#:~:text=The%20war%20in%20Gaza%20has,to%20the%20brink%20of%20famine.\">80% of Gaza’s 2.3 million residents\u003c/a>, and the United Nations has rung the alarm about \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-chief-says-incremental-progress-toward-averting-gaza-famine-2024-04-30/\">a possible famine in northern Gaza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war in Gaza is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">based on a decades-long conflict\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A microcosm for that broader national contest’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/person/mark-baldassare/\">Mark Baldassare\u003c/a>, statewide survey director for the Public Policy Institute of California, said while Cervantes’ views might feel anecdotal, protests on university campuses nationwide should cause candidates to worry come November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who say they feel their vote doesn’t count have to be taken seriously,” he said. \u003cem>“\u003c/em>There’s every reason to believe that District 13 is going to be one of the closest House races in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992657\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Cervantes holds a photo on his phone from a pro-Palestinian rally he attended in Yosemite National Park on May 8, 2024, in Merced, Merced County. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a February poll, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-february-2024/\">Baldassare found that more than 6 in 10\u003c/a> Californians would support Israel and Hamas agreeing to a cease-fire now. He said that global or foreign affairs usually don’t play a prominent role in people’s voting choices, but that could change this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates have six months to convince Californians in critical races to vote. Baldassare said there’s still time for an issue like climate change to surface that could persuade them to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare will release new environment and climate-centered polling in late July but said previous polling shows “there’s a core group of” voters who want elected officials “to deal with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare said Democrats winning District 13 is essential for their hope of controlling the house in 2025. So, clear messaging from candidates on climate change and their stances on U.S. aid for Israel’s war is crucial this election cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[These issues are] what’s going to be on their minds when they’re thinking about who they’re going to vote for and whether they’re going to vote in November,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992655\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Cervantes speaks with members of We’Ced Youth Media, a Youth Leadership Institute project that teaches young people journalism and advocacy skills, in Merced, on May 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://polisci.berkeley.edu/people/person/eric-schickler\">Eric Schickler\u003c/a>, co-director of UC Berkeley’s Institute of Governmental Studies, said that in an election year, congressional candidates often lean on messaging from presidential candidates to convince people to turn out to the polls. He said progressives would likely argue that another term of former President Trump would be detrimental to climate progress, abortion rights and immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Democrats’ nightmare is having a repeat of what happened last time where low turnout in these solidly blue states allowed Republicans to capture a number of seats,” he said. “District 13 is basically a microcosm for that broader national contest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schickler said people’s unrest over America’s support of Israel could keep voters home in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contest in District 13 is, in a lot of ways, a bellwether for this larger national battle for the majority in the House of Representatives, which is going to play a key role in shaping our politics, no matter whether Trump or Biden wins in 2024,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Central Valley race\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some on the left are alarmed by the potential for progressive voters to sit out. \u003ca href=\"https://www.battlegroundca.org/\">Battleground California\u003c/a>, a new super PAC, said it will invest $15 million to target races, including District 13, where Latino, AAPI and Black voters could make the “difference towards a Democratic-controlled Congress.” The group will also target young voters who care about policies to mitigate human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change for young voters, especially Latino voters, is increasingly becoming a litmus test for them to tell the good guys from the bad guy,” said Pablo Rodriguez, founding executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.anewcalifornia.org/\">Communities for a New California\u003c/a>, one of the groups behind the super PAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992656\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sticker says, ‘Voter’ on a filing cabinet at the offices for We’Ced Youth Media, a Youth Leadership Institute project that teaches young people journalism and advocacy skills, in Merced, on May 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their big push is to get out the vote in November. According to the group’s internal data, District 13 has more than 140,000 registered Democrats and 94,000 Republicans, with nearly 90,000 Independents. But in 2022, only 32% of eligible voters cast a ballot and 275,000 people didn’t vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez said the super PACs will flood the district with organizers who will listen to voters. He added that national candidates might want to dismiss the views of young protesters pushing for divestment from fossil fuels or against U.S. aid for Israel, “but we have to remind them again that all they’re asking for is transparency from the government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez said that whichever party does a better job of listening to young people and those not affiliated with a party will be able to win the slim margin of voters needed in races like District 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992659\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs for Democratic state Assembly member and congressional candidate Adam Gray line a storefront in Merced, on May 8, 2024. Gray will face off against Republican Congressional newcomer John Duarte for California’s US House District 13, which includes Merced, Fresno, Madera, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coalition plans to focus on the 3.2 million Latina voters across the state, who they think are more likely to vote than Latino men. Of Latino voters in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-february-2024/\">52% said they support a cease-fire\u003c/a>, the highest among the four recorded racial or ethnic groups, according to the PPIC. [aside label='Related Coverage' tag='climate']“If you want to address these issues, you should focus on the issues important to Latina women as the path toward victory,” Rodriguez said.\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people of color in District 13 don’t feel like candidates care about their daily struggles — which include the hardships brought about by the effects of climate change — and, in turn, stay home on election day, UC Berkeley’s García Bedolla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have a healthy democracy in California or the country if you have a subset of the population that is fundamentally disengaged,” she said. “They just don’t feel like their votes will make a difference. Latino voters are not on candidates’ radar because they don’t fit the parameters that they’ve set up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ileana Juárez, 19, said she will vote by mail for Democrat Adam Gray in District 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m tired of being ignored in the Central Valley,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biology student at UC Santa Barbara said she is concerned about how climate change is altering life in her hometown of Livingston and about the U.S. aiding Israel but cannot “ethically stand by and not vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are more issues at play than just Gaza and climate change,” she said. “Those are very important issues that we should be focusing on, but this election is definitely multifaceted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/nkhan\">Nisa Kahn\u003c/a> contributed reporting for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some progressive voters who usually vote on climate issues in District 13, a crucial Central Valley battleground, say they are concerned about US financial support of the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1715709402,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1857},"headData":{"title":"Climate Voters Grapple With Ethical Dilemma in California's District 13 Race | KQED","description":"Some progressive voters who usually vote on climate issues in District 13, a crucial Central Valley battleground, say they are concerned about US financial support of the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Climate Voters Grapple With Ethical Dilemma in California's District 13 Race","datePublished":"2024-05-13T04:00:34-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-14T10:56:42-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992686","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992686/climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Central Valley resident Sebastian Cervantes is all too familiar with flooded homes, bone-dry earth and amber-tinted, smoke-filled skies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate is a huge issue, not just for me but for everyone in the Central Valley,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cervantes typically votes for candidates with solid climate agendas because he’s “lived through and experienced” climate disasters in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, he’s willing to put his climate advocacy aside. Cervantes said he can’t ethically vote for candidates this election cycle who support or aid Israel’s war in Gaza. He plans to abstain from voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These politicians don’t care about us or the climate; they mostly care about their profit and motives,” he said. “If they want to continue the status quo, then we’ll just say we don’t want you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 27-year-old lives in Atwater, a city in Merced County and California’s U.S. House District 13. The primarily rural district extends south of Stockton and to the edge of Fresno. Merced is one of its most populous cities, even with a population of fewer than 100,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992662\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992662\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-57-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign says, ‘Old Town Atwater’ in Atwater, Merced County, in the Central Valley on May 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The race for District 13 is one of the tightest in the country and could help decide control of the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2022, Republican John Duarte defeated Democrat Adam Gray by fewer than 600 votes, and the two candidates will face off again in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of climate are among the top issues voters here care about, said \u003ca href=\"https://bse.berkeley.edu/lisa-garc%C3%ADa-bedolla\">Lisa García Bedolla\u003c/a>, UC Berkeley’s vice provost for graduate studies. Last summer, she polled over 300 District 13 registered voters about their top concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But election experts said growing dissent over \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/24/world/middleeast/israel-us-aid.html\">U.S. support of Israel’s war\u003c/a> may dip congressional races toward conservative candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats will need progressives like Cervantes to win, and these voters would typically support President Joe Biden and his party because of their climate policies, which include passing the biggest climate law in U.S. history: the Inflation Reduction Act. Former President Donald Trump has pledged to reverse that and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912799501/i-don-t-think-science-knows-visiting-fires-trump-denies-climate-change\">declined to acknowledge the role climate change played in fueling California’s megafires\u003c/a> while visiting the state during the fire storms of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992661\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992661\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-50-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Standing water pools on a street corner in Planada, Merced County, on May 8, 2024, in an area of the town that flooded in 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these voters are so disillusioned with the U.S. and\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gaza/\"> its financial support of Israel\u003c/a>, which is in its eighth month of a siege of Gaza, that they might sit out this election altogether. “Our taxes are being spent on bombs and advanced military equipment to help Israeli soldiers continue displacing Palestinians,” Cervantes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cervantes voted for Democrat Adam Gray in 2022 and said he might reconsider abstaining this year if Gray denounced U.S. support of Israel and called for a cease-fire. Gray did not respond to KQED for comment — and Duarte declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters like Cervantes are making their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984845/pro-palestinian-protests-on-california-college-campuses-what-are-students-demanding\">voices heard on college campuses\u003c/a> across the country, pushing for a cease-fire in Gaza and asking colleges to divest from companies working with Israel’s military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/07/1249550208/israel-gaza-rafah-crossing\">Israeli forces have killed over 34,000 Palestinians\u003c/a>, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. Israel’s attacks have displaced some \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-04-30-2024-f5e14fd176d69f9c4e23b48f3ab5af6a#:~:text=The%20war%20in%20Gaza%20has,to%20the%20brink%20of%20famine.\">80% of Gaza’s 2.3 million residents\u003c/a>, and the United Nations has rung the alarm about \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-chief-says-incremental-progress-toward-averting-gaza-famine-2024-04-30/\">a possible famine in northern Gaza\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war in Gaza is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1205445976/middle-east-crisis\">based on a decades-long conflict\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A microcosm for that broader national contest’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/person/mark-baldassare/\">Mark Baldassare\u003c/a>, statewide survey director for the Public Policy Institute of California, said while Cervantes’ views might feel anecdotal, protests on university campuses nationwide should cause candidates to worry come November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who say they feel their vote doesn’t count have to be taken seriously,” he said. \u003cem>“\u003c/em>There’s every reason to believe that District 13 is going to be one of the closest House races in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992657\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-28-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Cervantes holds a photo on his phone from a pro-Palestinian rally he attended in Yosemite National Park on May 8, 2024, in Merced, Merced County. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a February poll, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-february-2024/\">Baldassare found that more than 6 in 10\u003c/a> Californians would support Israel and Hamas agreeing to a cease-fire now. He said that global or foreign affairs usually don’t play a prominent role in people’s voting choices, but that could change this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates have six months to convince Californians in critical races to vote. Baldassare said there’s still time for an issue like climate change to surface that could persuade them to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare will release new environment and climate-centered polling in late July but said previous polling shows “there’s a core group of” voters who want elected officials “to deal with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare said Democrats winning District 13 is essential for their hope of controlling the house in 2025. So, clear messaging from candidates on climate change and their stances on U.S. aid for Israel’s war is crucial this election cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[These issues are] what’s going to be on their minds when they’re thinking about who they’re going to vote for and whether they’re going to vote in November,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992655\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-18-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Cervantes speaks with members of We’Ced Youth Media, a Youth Leadership Institute project that teaches young people journalism and advocacy skills, in Merced, on May 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://polisci.berkeley.edu/people/person/eric-schickler\">Eric Schickler\u003c/a>, co-director of UC Berkeley’s Institute of Governmental Studies, said that in an election year, congressional candidates often lean on messaging from presidential candidates to convince people to turn out to the polls. He said progressives would likely argue that another term of former President Trump would be detrimental to climate progress, abortion rights and immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Democrats’ nightmare is having a repeat of what happened last time where low turnout in these solidly blue states allowed Republicans to capture a number of seats,” he said. “District 13 is basically a microcosm for that broader national contest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schickler said people’s unrest over America’s support of Israel could keep voters home in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contest in District 13 is, in a lot of ways, a bellwether for this larger national battle for the majority in the House of Representatives, which is going to play a key role in shaping our politics, no matter whether Trump or Biden wins in 2024,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Central Valley race\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some on the left are alarmed by the potential for progressive voters to sit out. \u003ca href=\"https://www.battlegroundca.org/\">Battleground California\u003c/a>, a new super PAC, said it will invest $15 million to target races, including District 13, where Latino, AAPI and Black voters could make the “difference towards a Democratic-controlled Congress.” The group will also target young voters who care about policies to mitigate human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change for young voters, especially Latino voters, is increasingly becoming a litmus test for them to tell the good guys from the bad guy,” said Pablo Rodriguez, founding executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.anewcalifornia.org/\">Communities for a New California\u003c/a>, one of the groups behind the super PAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992656\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-19-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sticker says, ‘Voter’ on a filing cabinet at the offices for We’Ced Youth Media, a Youth Leadership Institute project that teaches young people journalism and advocacy skills, in Merced, on May 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their big push is to get out the vote in November. According to the group’s internal data, District 13 has more than 140,000 registered Democrats and 94,000 Republicans, with nearly 90,000 Independents. But in 2022, only 32% of eligible voters cast a ballot and 275,000 people didn’t vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez said the super PACs will flood the district with organizers who will listen to voters. He added that national candidates might want to dismiss the views of young protesters pushing for divestment from fossil fuels or against U.S. aid for Israel, “but we have to remind them again that all they’re asking for is transparency from the government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez said that whichever party does a better job of listening to young people and those not affiliated with a party will be able to win the slim margin of voters needed in races like District 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992659\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/05/240508-SWINGDISTRICTCLIMATE-40-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs for Democratic state Assembly member and congressional candidate Adam Gray line a storefront in Merced, on May 8, 2024. Gray will face off against Republican Congressional newcomer John Duarte for California’s US House District 13, which includes Merced, Fresno, Madera, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coalition plans to focus on the 3.2 million Latina voters across the state, who they think are more likely to vote than Latino men. Of Latino voters in California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-february-2024/\">52% said they support a cease-fire\u003c/a>, the highest among the four recorded racial or ethnic groups, according to the PPIC. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Coverage ","tag":"climate"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If you want to address these issues, you should focus on the issues important to Latina women as the path toward victory,” Rodriguez said.\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people of color in District 13 don’t feel like candidates care about their daily struggles — which include the hardships brought about by the effects of climate change — and, in turn, stay home on election day, UC Berkeley’s García Bedolla said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have a healthy democracy in California or the country if you have a subset of the population that is fundamentally disengaged,” she said. “They just don’t feel like their votes will make a difference. Latino voters are not on candidates’ radar because they don’t fit the parameters that they’ve set up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ileana Juárez, 19, said she will vote by mail for Democrat Adam Gray in District 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m tired of being ignored in the Central Valley,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biology student at UC Santa Barbara said she is concerned about how climate change is altering life in her hometown of Livingston and about the U.S. aiding Israel but cannot “ethically stand by and not vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are more issues at play than just Gaza and climate change,” she said. “Those are very important issues that we should be focusing on, but this election is definitely multifaceted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/nkhan\">Nisa Kahn\u003c/a> contributed reporting for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992686/climate-voters-grapple-with-ethical-dilemma-in-californias-district-13-race","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_686","science_182","science_4417","science_4414","science_5236"],"featImg":"science_1992654","label":"science"},"science_1992433":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992433","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992433","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-new-1600-acre-state-park-set-to-open-this-summer","title":"California’s New 1600-Acre State Park Set to Open This Summer","publishDate":1713895206,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s New 1600-Acre State Park Set to Open This Summer | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Californians can soon enjoy a new state park at the heart of the Central Valley, the first in about a decade. The Dos Rios preserve, about 90 minutes east of San Francisco, is a lush floodplain filled with green grass, shrubs and native trees like cottonwood, willows and valley oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors can hike through miles of trail beginning June 12. The park is located eight miles east of Modesto near the convergence of the San Joaquin and Tuolumne rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until about a decade ago, Dos Rios was a dairy and cattle ranch owned by farmers who grew tomatoes and almonds. But year after year, floods swept through, damaging the crops. In 2012, the owners sold all 1,600 acres to \u003ca href=\"https://riverpartners.org/\">River Partners\u003c/a>, an environmental nonprofit dedicated to conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, after more than a decade of restoration work, Dos Rios is a flourishing riparian forest. The area hosts many endangered and migratory wildlife, including brush rabbits, Chinook salmon and Swainson’s hawk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River Partners donated Dos Rios last year to the California State Parks. In a \u003ca href=\"https://riverpartners.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2022_Dos-Rios_Program.pdf\">statement, \u003c/a>the organization wrote, “California’s newest state park fulfills our vision of giving the publicly funded property back to Valley residents to enjoy and steward forever.”[aside postID=science_1991791 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS36031_Image-from-iOS-14-qut-1038x576.jpg']Gov. Gavin Newsom, who visited Dos Rios at an Earth Day celebration on Monday, said the new park plays an important role in the state’s commitment to meet its climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, for the first time, we integrate the environmental conservation work that we do and put it in direct service to meeting our carbon goals,” said Wade Crowfoot, California’s Natural Resources Secretary, who was present at the celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dos Rios is California’s first park to open in over a decade. Newsom said the new park fills a big void in the vast San Joaquin Valley by offering residents, many of whom are low-income and communities of color, a unique nature preserve. Residents with a California Public Library pass can enjoy \u003ca href=\"https://www.library.ca.gov/grants/parks-pass/faq/\">free access\u003c/a> to select state parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State Parks will consult with the tribal communities for potential access to river activities like boating and swimming in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nestled in the lush San Joaquin Valley landscape, California's latest addition to its state park roster, the Dos Rios preserve, will unveil its grand opening on June 12, marking the state's 281st park.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713896041,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":389},"headData":{"title":"California’s New 1600-Acre State Park Set to Open This Summer | KQED","description":"Nestled in the lush San Joaquin Valley landscape, California's latest addition to its state park roster, the Dos Rios preserve, will unveil its grand opening on June 12, marking the state's 281st park.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California’s New 1600-Acre State Park Set to Open This Summer","datePublished":"2024-04-23T11:00:06-07:00","dateModified":"2024-04-23T11:14:01-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Kristel Tjandra","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992433/californias-new-1600-acre-state-park-set-to-open-this-summer","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians can soon enjoy a new state park at the heart of the Central Valley, the first in about a decade. The Dos Rios preserve, about 90 minutes east of San Francisco, is a lush floodplain filled with green grass, shrubs and native trees like cottonwood, willows and valley oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors can hike through miles of trail beginning June 12. The park is located eight miles east of Modesto near the convergence of the San Joaquin and Tuolumne rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until about a decade ago, Dos Rios was a dairy and cattle ranch owned by farmers who grew tomatoes and almonds. But year after year, floods swept through, damaging the crops. In 2012, the owners sold all 1,600 acres to \u003ca href=\"https://riverpartners.org/\">River Partners\u003c/a>, an environmental nonprofit dedicated to conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, after more than a decade of restoration work, Dos Rios is a flourishing riparian forest. The area hosts many endangered and migratory wildlife, including brush rabbits, Chinook salmon and Swainson’s hawk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River Partners donated Dos Rios last year to the California State Parks. In a \u003ca href=\"https://riverpartners.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2022_Dos-Rios_Program.pdf\">statement, \u003c/a>the organization wrote, “California’s newest state park fulfills our vision of giving the publicly funded property back to Valley residents to enjoy and steward forever.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1991791","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/RS36031_Image-from-iOS-14-qut-1038x576.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, who visited Dos Rios at an Earth Day celebration on Monday, said the new park plays an important role in the state’s commitment to meet its climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, for the first time, we integrate the environmental conservation work that we do and put it in direct service to meeting our carbon goals,” said Wade Crowfoot, California’s Natural Resources Secretary, who was present at the celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dos Rios is California’s first park to open in over a decade. Newsom said the new park fills a big void in the vast San Joaquin Valley by offering residents, many of whom are low-income and communities of color, a unique nature preserve. Residents with a California Public Library pass can enjoy \u003ca href=\"https://www.library.ca.gov/grants/parks-pass/faq/\">free access\u003c/a> to select state parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State Parks will consult with the tribal communities for potential access to river activities like boating and swimming in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992433/californias-new-1600-acre-state-park-set-to-open-this-summer","authors":["byline_science_1992433"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_1942","science_4417","science_4414","science_4008","science_179"],"featImg":"science_1992437","label":"science"},"science_1446777":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1446777","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1446777","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","title":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex","publishDate":1489496402,"format":"video","headTitle":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]The recent heavy rains in California have been good for the drought. But it’s not just people who are celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown garden snails, which originated in the Mediterranean where the climate resembles much of California’s, thrive in moist places. If it’s too cold or too dry, they hunker down in their shells and wait for a wet spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the rain, when everything’s nice and damp, like it is now, snails re-emerge. That’s when love is in the air. But the sex life of these common snails is anything but ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they’re hermaphrodites, fitted with both male and female reproductive plumbing, and can mate with any member of their species they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds easy, but the battle of the sexes is alive and well in gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem for snails, who are both male and female at the same time, is how you optimize both your male function and your female function,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry_Roth2/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barry Roth, \u003c/a>a former collections manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/?gclid=CM_Omev1utICFQmIfgodVAkI3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> who’s now an independent snail and slug consultant in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In nature, fatherhood is easier. It’s the quickest, cheapest way to pass on your genes. Motherhood requires a much greater investment of time, energy, and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Courtship is how they sort that out,” Roth said. “Who’s going to be male? Who’s going to be female? Or is it going to be shared?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With garden snails, “courtship” is somewhat euphemistic. Their idea of foreplay is to stab each other with a tiny spike called a love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the play-by-play. Snails find mates using taste and smell. By waving their upper tentacles in the air—smelling—and tapping their lower ones on the ground—tasting—they pick up on the gooey trails of potential partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they follow the slime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For a detailed look at the many uses of slime, checkout this episode of Deep Look, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvCQSGanJg&list=PLdKlciEDdCQBpNSC7BIONruffF_ab4cqK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1447013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\" alt=\"Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate.\" width=\"720\" height=\"404\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When snails meet, the tasting and smelling continue, this time with full-body contact, sometimes for hours. Call it heavy petting or extreme vetting, snails take the time to get to know their partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything in this courtship is wine and roses at first—then comes the love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically called a gypsobelum, the love dart is a nail-clipping-sized needle that stays hidden in an internal sac until about half an hour before copulation begins, when the sac inverts and it’s fired, or stabbed, indiscriminately into the partner’s body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being stabbed by the male dart makes you more of a female-oriented partner in that courtship,” said Roth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg\" alt='Garden snails stab each other with \"love darts\" before copulation.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden snails stab each other with “love darts” before copulation. \u003ccite>(Koene & Schulenburg 2005 BMC Evol. Biol.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The love dart is the snails’ tool for maximizing their male side. It injects hormones to prevent the other snail’s body from killing newly introduced sperm once copulation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginal tracts. Both snails in a pairing transfer sperm, but whichever snail got in the best shot with the dart has a better chance of ultimately fertilizing eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some species, only one snail fires a love dart, but in others, like the garden snail, both do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole reproductive system is a quite a maze,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.joriskoene.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joris Koene,\u003c/a> a gastropod researcher at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can spot love darts sticking out of snails in mid-courtship, and even find them abandoned in slime puddles where mating has been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scale it up to human size and the love dart would be the equivalent of a 15-inch knife, according to Koene. Nonetheless, he’s only seen one snail die by dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make a pretty decent-sized hole in the body,” he said, “but in general, they are fine. They’re used to this, I guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden. \u003ccite>(Jen Brady / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Besides having both boy and girl parts, they stab each other with “love darts” as a kind of foreplay.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928992,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":748},"headData":{"title":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex | KQED","description":"Besides having both boy and girl parts, they stab each other with “love darts” as a kind of foreplay.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex","datePublished":"2017-03-14T06:00:02-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-10T15:23:12-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/UOcLaI44TXA","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1446777/everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The recent heavy rains in California have been good for the drought. But it’s not just people who are celebrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown garden snails, which originated in the Mediterranean where the climate resembles much of California’s, thrive in moist places. If it’s too cold or too dry, they hunker down in their shells and wait for a wet spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the rain, when everything’s nice and damp, like it is now, snails re-emerge. That’s when love is in the air. But the sex life of these common snails is anything but ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they’re hermaphrodites, fitted with both male and female reproductive plumbing, and can mate with any member of their species they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds easy, but the battle of the sexes is alive and well in gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-two-snails-getting-close-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails find reproductive partners by following their slime trails. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental problem for snails, who are both male and female at the same time, is how you optimize both your male function and your female function,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry_Roth2/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barry Roth, \u003c/a>a former collections manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/?gclid=CM_Omev1utICFQmIfgodVAkI3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> who’s now an independent snail and slug consultant in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In nature, fatherhood is easier. It’s the quickest, cheapest way to pass on your genes. Motherhood requires a much greater investment of time, energy, and resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Courtship is how they sort that out,” Roth said. “Who’s going to be male? Who’s going to be female? Or is it going to be shared?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With garden snails, “courtship” is somewhat euphemistic. Their idea of foreplay is to stab each other with a tiny spike called a love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the play-by-play. Snails find mates using taste and smell. By waving their upper tentacles in the air—smelling—and tapping their lower ones on the ground—tasting—they pick up on the gooey trails of potential partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they follow the slime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For a detailed look at the many uses of slime, checkout this episode of Deep Look, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvCQSGanJg&list=PLdKlciEDdCQBpNSC7BIONruffF_ab4cqK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1447013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snails_foreplay_720.gif\" alt=\"Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate.\" width=\"720\" height=\"404\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snails spend hours smelling and tasting a potential mate. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When snails meet, the tasting and smelling continue, this time with full-body contact, sometimes for hours. Call it heavy petting or extreme vetting, snails take the time to get to know their partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything in this courtship is wine and roses at first—then comes the love dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically called a gypsobelum, the love dart is a nail-clipping-sized needle that stays hidden in an internal sac until about half an hour before copulation begins, when the sac inverts and it’s fired, or stabbed, indiscriminately into the partner’s body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being stabbed by the male dart makes you more of a female-oriented partner in that courtship,” said Roth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447011\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg\" alt='Garden snails stab each other with \"love darts\" before copulation.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-garden-snail-dart-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden snails stab each other with “love darts” before copulation. \u003ccite>(Koene & Schulenburg 2005 BMC Evol. Biol.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The love dart is the snails’ tool for maximizing their male side. It injects hormones to prevent the other snail’s body from killing newly introduced sperm once copulation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginal tracts. Both snails in a pairing transfer sperm, but whichever snail got in the best shot with the dart has a better chance of ultimately fertilizing eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some species, only one snail fires a love dart, but in others, like the garden snail, both do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole reproductive system is a quite a maze,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.joriskoene.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joris Koene,\u003c/a> a gastropod researcher at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406-snail-copulation-CC-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When snails copulate, two penises enter two vaginas, and they exchange sperm. \u003ccite>(Elliott Kennerson / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can spot love darts sticking out of snails in mid-courtship, and even find them abandoned in slime puddles where mating has been happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scale it up to human size and the love dart would be the equivalent of a 15-inch knife, according to Koene. Nonetheless, he’s only seen one snail die by dart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make a pretty decent-sized hole in the body,” he said, “but in general, they are fine. They’re used to this, I guess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1447072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1447072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/DL406_snail-garden-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To film snails copulating, the Deep Look team built a tabletop snail love garden. \u003ccite>(Jen Brady / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1446777/everything-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-snail-sex","authors":["11090"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_35","science_40","science_86"],"tags":["science_179"],"featImg":"science_1467862","label":"science_1935"},"science_1969214":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1969214","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1969214","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"this-is-not-a-dandelion","title":"This is NOT a Dandelion.","publishDate":1599570045,"format":"video","headTitle":"This is NOT a Dandelion. | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Gardeners cursing as they yank out yellow blooms from the ground might be misplacing their anger. Not everything that looks like a dandelion is one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is not a dandelion. To tell this catsear from its better-known relative you need to look under its petals. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dandelions have many doppelgangers, among them the most successful plant you’ve never heard of: catsears. Their claim to fame is that they were recently \u003ca href=\"https://nytimesanswers.com/dandelion-look-alike-crossword-clue-2/\">a clue in the New York Times crossword puzzle\u003c/a> (“Dandelion look-alike”), but the plant is so prolific — it has spread from its native Morocco all around the world — that it doesn’t really need any press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chances are you’ll run across both dandelions and catsears in your backyard or at the park this fall, especially if they’re getting watered. Catsears also proliferate in pastures, where cows keep the grasses that compete with them at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Lesser_goldfinch_eats_catsear_seeds.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969310 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Lesser_goldfinch_eats_catsear_seeds.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lesser goldfinch munches on catsear seeds in Berkeley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bees and butterflies love the nectar and pollen provided by dandelions and catsears, and little songbirds like lesser goldfinches feed on their seeds. But it’s hard to convince some gardeners of their virtues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people who have a nice turf want only grasses,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/people/joseph-ditomaso\">Joe DiTomaso\u003c/a>, a weed researcher who retired from UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969317\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1921px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969317\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1921\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920.jpg 1921w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1921px) 100vw, 1921px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsears in bloom in a backyard in Berkeley in June. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frustratingly for lawn lovers, efforts to keep the turf looking good sometimes help dandelions and catsears. Their leaves grow close to the ground, so when the lawnmower chops down any blades of grass towering over them, they can more easily soak up the rays they need to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re a friend or a foe, telling dandelions and catsears apart could be useful — if only to know thine enemy — and a fun way to ponder what makes these yellow blooms so successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking down at them, you’ll miss their differences. You need to get on your knees and take a close look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below their petals you’ll see green structures that hold the bloom. They’re called phyllaries. In catsears, they all point up. In dandelions, some phyllaries curl down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969316\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsear or dandelion? The green structures called phyllaries that hug the bloom all point up in catsears. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969318\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969318\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dandelions’ curly phyllaries are one way to tell them apart from catsears. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dandelion and catsear leaves have a similar shape, with toothed edges that give dandelions their name — an adaptation from the French dent-de-lion, or lion’s tooth. The leaves of the common catsear are more lobed than pointy and they’re furry, while dandelions’ are smooth. Both leaves are edible, prepared in salads or sauteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969315\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsears’ leaves are furry (left); dandelions’ are smooth. Both are edible. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you eat an old dandelion leaf, it’s going to be extremely bitter,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eggert.biology.missouri.edu/visiting-scholars/austin-lynn/\">Austin Lynn\u003c/a>, who studied the plants for his recently completed doctoral studies at the University of Missouri. “But if you eat a younger one, it’s much more pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a taste test he carried out, Lynn said dandelion leaves were described as similar to romaine lettuce or arugula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both dandelion and catsear blooms transform into fluffy globes called “clocks,” full of seeds. The dandelion’s clock is like a head of wispy gray hairs that just came from the salon, while the catsear’s featherlike globe looks like a dandelion that let its mane dry in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969313\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Both catsears and dandelions create globes full of seeds, called “clocks.” Catsears’ clocks (left) look like a messier version of dandelions’. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsear (left) and dandelion dried, ribbed fruits waiting to be carried away by the wind. A tiny seed is hiding inside each fruit. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One other way to tell them apart is that each stem of catsears branches into multiple blooms, while dandelions have only one bloom per stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all their differences, dandelions and catsears are closely related and pollinator favorites. That’s because of a tiny secret up in their petals: What we think of as a dandelion or a catsear flower is actually a cluster of dozens of tiny flowers called ray florets. Each floret makes its own pollen and nectar, which attract a host of different bees, butterflies and other insects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catsears serve all customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have generalists as their pollinators,” said DiTomaso. “There are not specific insects that are required to pollinate them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Umber_skipper_butterfly_on_catsear.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Umber_skipper_butterfly_on_catsear.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An umber skipper butterfly sips nectar from a catsear in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dandelions in your backyard, called common dandelions and hailing from Europe, don’t even need pollinators to reproduce — they just clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If one dandelion makes it to a new habitat, it can colonize that new habitat with just one individual,” said Lynn. “These dandelions don’t need to have a mate; that’s one of the big advantages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappi_fly_off_wide-shot.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969308\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappi_fly_off_wide-shot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Make a wish! Dandelion pappi fly away. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wind disperses both dandelions’ and catsears’ seeds, another reason for their success. Each floret produces a fruit with a tiny seed inside, and each fruit floats away hanging from an umbrella-shaped structure called a pappus. These tiny pappi (PAP-eye) are what children blow on after making a wish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very good at catching wind to detach,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/n.nakayama\">Naomi Nakayama\u003c/a>, a researcher at Imperial College London who has studied dandelion flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappus_flies_off.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969309\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappus_flies_off.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dandelion pappus catches the wind and carries away a dry, ribbed fruit. A tiny seed is nestled inside the fruit. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pappus acts very much like an open umbrella that lifts easily on the wind, even though it’s mainly empty space. Because of its small size, a trick of physics makes it so that the air in between the bristles of the pappi behaves like a solid — sort of like a viscous honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have an invisible wall they create,” said Nakayama. This helps pappi lift off when the wind hits them. The wall effect also helps the pappus stay adrift. Some air sifts through the bristles and a lot of air swirls around and above the pappus, forming a whirlwind that sucks the pappus up and keeps it afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of pappi don’t carry their seed very far — just enough for it to germinate in your backyard. How far they can travel is an open question, Nakayama said, since attaching a GPS onto them would impede their flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969324\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Pappi_fly_off_dandelion.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Pappi_fly_off_dandelion.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most dandelion fruit will likely fall to the ground nearby. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people feel comfortable saying they can travel a couple of miles,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if most pappi end up landing right in your backyard, at least you might be able to get a good salad or some bee-watching out of the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Not every yellow bloom — or fluffy white globe — taking over your backyard is a dandelion. Some of them are the most prolific plant you've never heard of: catsears.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847060,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1212},"headData":{"title":"This is NOT a Dandelion. | KQED","description":"Not every yellow bloom — or fluffy white globe — taking over your backyard is a dandelion. Some of them are the most prolific plant you've never heard of: catsears.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"This is NOT a Dandelion.","datePublished":"2020-09-08T06:00:45-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T16:37:40-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/_7SIHtWu2hw","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1969214/this-is-not-a-dandelion","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gardeners cursing as they yank out yellow blooms from the ground might be misplacing their anger. Not everything that looks like a dandelion is one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969312\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DEEP_713_This-is-Not_a-Dandelion_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is not a dandelion. To tell this catsear from its better-known relative you need to look under its petals. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dandelions have many doppelgangers, among them the most successful plant you’ve never heard of: catsears. Their claim to fame is that they were recently \u003ca href=\"https://nytimesanswers.com/dandelion-look-alike-crossword-clue-2/\">a clue in the New York Times crossword puzzle\u003c/a> (“Dandelion look-alike”), but the plant is so prolific — it has spread from its native Morocco all around the world — that it doesn’t really need any press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chances are you’ll run across both dandelions and catsears in your backyard or at the park this fall, especially if they’re getting watered. Catsears also proliferate in pastures, where cows keep the grasses that compete with them at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Lesser_goldfinch_eats_catsear_seeds.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969310 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Lesser_goldfinch_eats_catsear_seeds.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lesser goldfinch munches on catsear seeds in Berkeley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bees and butterflies love the nectar and pollen provided by dandelions and catsears, and little songbirds like lesser goldfinches feed on their seeds. But it’s hard to convince some gardeners of their virtues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people who have a nice turf want only grasses,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/people/joseph-ditomaso\">Joe DiTomaso\u003c/a>, a weed researcher who retired from UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969317\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1921px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969317\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1921\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920.jpg 1921w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsears_many_in_backyard_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1921px) 100vw, 1921px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsears in bloom in a backyard in Berkeley in June. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frustratingly for lawn lovers, efforts to keep the turf looking good sometimes help dandelions and catsears. Their leaves grow close to the ground, so when the lawnmower chops down any blades of grass towering over them, they can more easily soak up the rays they need to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re a friend or a foe, telling dandelions and catsears apart could be useful — if only to know thine enemy — and a fun way to ponder what makes these yellow blooms so successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking down at them, you’ll miss their differences. You need to get on your knees and take a close look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below their petals you’ll see green structures that hold the bloom. They’re called phyllaries. In catsears, they all point up. In dandelions, some phyllaries curl down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969316\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_inflorescence_fm_below_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsear or dandelion? The green structures called phyllaries that hug the bloom all point up in catsears. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969318\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969318\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_phyllaries_no_label_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dandelions’ curly phyllaries are one way to tell them apart from catsears. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dandelion and catsear leaves have a similar shape, with toothed edges that give dandelions their name — an adaptation from the French dent-de-lion, or lion’s tooth. The leaves of the common catsear are more lobed than pointy and they’re furry, while dandelions’ are smooth. Both leaves are edible, prepared in salads or sauteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969315\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_leaves_no_label_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsears’ leaves are furry (left); dandelions’ are smooth. Both are edible. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you eat an old dandelion leaf, it’s going to be extremely bitter,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eggert.biology.missouri.edu/visiting-scholars/austin-lynn/\">Austin Lynn\u003c/a>, who studied the plants for his recently completed doctoral studies at the University of Missouri. “But if you eat a younger one, it’s much more pleasant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a taste test he carried out, Lynn said dandelion leaves were described as similar to romaine lettuce or arugula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both dandelion and catsear blooms transform into fluffy globes called “clocks,” full of seeds. The dandelion’s clock is like a head of wispy gray hairs that just came from the salon, while the catsear’s featherlike globe looks like a dandelion that let its mane dry in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969313\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_and_dandelion_clocks_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Both catsears and dandelions create globes full of seeds, called “clocks.” Catsears’ clocks (left) look like a messier version of dandelions’. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Catsear_dandelion_fruits_no_label-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catsear (left) and dandelion dried, ribbed fruits waiting to be carried away by the wind. A tiny seed is hiding inside each fruit. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One other way to tell them apart is that each stem of catsears branches into multiple blooms, while dandelions have only one bloom per stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all their differences, dandelions and catsears are closely related and pollinator favorites. That’s because of a tiny secret up in their petals: What we think of as a dandelion or a catsear flower is actually a cluster of dozens of tiny flowers called ray florets. Each floret makes its own pollen and nectar, which attract a host of different bees, butterflies and other insects. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catsears serve all customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have generalists as their pollinators,” said DiTomaso. “There are not specific insects that are required to pollinate them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Umber_skipper_butterfly_on_catsear.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Umber_skipper_butterfly_on_catsear.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An umber skipper butterfly sips nectar from a catsear in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dandelions in your backyard, called common dandelions and hailing from Europe, don’t even need pollinators to reproduce — they just clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If one dandelion makes it to a new habitat, it can colonize that new habitat with just one individual,” said Lynn. “These dandelions don’t need to have a mate; that’s one of the big advantages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappi_fly_off_wide-shot.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969308\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappi_fly_off_wide-shot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Make a wish! Dandelion pappi fly away. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wind disperses both dandelions’ and catsears’ seeds, another reason for their success. Each floret produces a fruit with a tiny seed inside, and each fruit floats away hanging from an umbrella-shaped structure called a pappus. These tiny pappi (PAP-eye) are what children blow on after making a wish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very good at catching wind to detach,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/n.nakayama\">Naomi Nakayama\u003c/a>, a researcher at Imperial College London who has studied dandelion flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappus_flies_off.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969309\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Dandelion_pappus_flies_off.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dandelion pappus catches the wind and carries away a dry, ribbed fruit. A tiny seed is nestled inside the fruit. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pappus acts very much like an open umbrella that lifts easily on the wind, even though it’s mainly empty space. Because of its small size, a trick of physics makes it so that the air in between the bristles of the pappi behaves like a solid — sort of like a viscous honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have an invisible wall they create,” said Nakayama. This helps pappi lift off when the wind hits them. The wall effect also helps the pappus stay adrift. Some air sifts through the bristles and a lot of air swirls around and above the pappus, forming a whirlwind that sucks the pappus up and keeps it afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of pappi don’t carry their seed very far — just enough for it to germinate in your backyard. How far they can travel is an open question, Nakayama said, since attaching a GPS onto them would impede their flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969324\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Pappi_fly_off_dandelion.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1969324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/09/DL713_Pappi_fly_off_dandelion.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Most dandelion fruit will likely fall to the ground nearby. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people feel comfortable saying they can travel a couple of miles,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if most pappi end up landing right in your backyard, at least you might be able to get a good salad or some bee-watching out of the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1969214/this-is-not-a-dandelion","authors":["6186"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450","science_86"],"tags":["science_1970","science_2377"],"featImg":"science_1969217","label":"science_1935"},"science_1941506":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1941506","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1941506","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"these-face-mites-really-grow-on-you","title":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You","publishDate":1558443627,"format":"video","headTitle":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]I hate to break this to you, but you almost certainly have tiny mites living in the pores in your face right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called Demodex. And pretty much every adult human alive has a population of these mites living on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called eyelash mites, they’re too small to see with the naked eye. They’re mostly transparent, and at about .3 millimeters long, it would take about five face adult mites laid end to end to stretch across the head of a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like kind of like stubby little worms,” said Michelle Trautwein, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein studies our relationship with these microscopic stowaways by looking at their DNA. Her findings so far show that people in different parts of the world have different face mites living in the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell a story of your own ancestry and also a story of more ancient human history and migration,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein of the California Academy of Sciences studies face mites using microscopes and genetic testing. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We use a little spoon and scrape it across the kind of greasier parts of someone’s face — which isn’t as bad as it sounds,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she has collected the samples, she takes them back to the lab to look at the genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has found DNA evidence of face mites on every one of more than 2,000 people she has tested, including tourists from all around the world who make their way to the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one is thrilled at the initial notion that they have arachnids on their face,” Trautwein said. “But people are often curious — even in their revulsion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how could these creatures live on so many people and still go unnoticed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941533 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face mites make their home in the follicles found at the root of the peach fuzz that covers most human skin. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Look closely and you’ll see that in addition to the more obvious body and head hair, human skin is covered in a thin, barely visible layer of peach fuzz called vellus hairs. There are a few notable exceptions, such as the palms of our hands and soles of our feet, but other than that our entire bodies are covered in that fuzz. The shaft of each one of those tiny hairs grows out of its own follicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Face mites spend their days face-down inside your hair follicles nestled up against the hair shaft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They eat sebum, that greasy oil your skin makes to protect itself and keep it from drying out. The sebum is produced in sebaceous glands, which empty into the hair follicles, coating both the hair shaft and face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the greasiest parts of your body — like around the eyes, nose and mouth — likely harbor a higher concentration of mites than other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They live about two weeks. They spend most of their time tucked inside our pores. But while we’re sleeping, they crawl out onto the surface of our skin to mate before crawling back into our pores to lay their eggs. Fun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since they live inside your pores, you can’t scrub them off by washing. It’s basically impossible to get rid of all of your face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does Trautwein study them? With glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lindsay Palaima bravely volunteers to have a slide covered in glue stuck to her forehead in order to capture face mites growing in her pores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I actually put glue on a glass microscope slide and stick it onto a person’s forehead,” she said. “Then I slowly peel it off. I look under a microscope for mites that are stuck in the follicles that stick up from the thin layer of skin that got peeled off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be pretty addictive and exciting,” she added. “It’s sort of a meditative process of looking through this microforest of follicles and hairs, and looking for just the right potential movement or shape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941538 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demodex face mite seen writhing around in the root of a human hair follicle, observed under a microscope. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These Demodex face mites got their name from the Greek words for “fat” and “boring worm,” but they’re not really worms at all. They’re actually arachnids — related to ticks — and more distantly to spiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people have face mites on them and never notice. It seems that our immune system is able to keep their numbers in check. But some people can experience problems with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you tell patients that they have face mites, first of all, they freak out,” said Dr. Kanade Shinkai, a dermatologist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinkai occasionally treats patients who have an overload of face mites, which results in a condition called demodicosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a very particular look to people suffering from demodicosis. We call it the Demodex frost,” she said. “It’s sort of a white sheen on the skin. And if you look really closely, you can see coming out of every pore. If you scrape those pores, you can see it frothing with little Demodex face mites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a pretty rare condition and it’s often connected to a change in someone’s immune system, such as receiving immunosuppressive drugs after transplant surgery, chemotherapy or immunodeficiency diseases like HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demodicosis can also be triggered by local suppression of the immune system, like when itch-relieving hydrocortisone cream is used on the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it does happen, demodicosis usually comes on fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patients almost universally describe this explosive development of pustules like whiteheads on their face. It’s really dramatic,” Shinkai said. “And what’s really dramatic about it is that they’re often fine the day before, and then they develop it, overnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the vast majority of people, face mites are nothing to worry about. While some studies have found loose connections between Demodex and diseases like rosacea, the evidence hasn’t shown a strong link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really confusing is that if you go into your office and scrape everyone’s face, you would find Demodex probably on everybody,” Shinkai said. “And people who have low burden of Demodex may have no or very severe disease and vice versa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein also sees face mites as more of a source of interest than fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not dangerous in a broad sense because we all have them and most of us seem to be cohabiting quite well with them,” Trautwein said. “We mostly share them within family units and it seems like you are probably initially colonized soon after birth, most likely by your mother, traditionally speaking in human history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at these mites, researchers like Trautwein can usually tell something about your geographical ancestry — what part of the world your ancestors came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941715 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1200x584.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg 1285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein has found that several genetically distinct groups of Demodex face mites (represented by different colors on this map) exist in different geographic areas. \u003ccite>(Michelle Trautwein/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Face mites are definitely the species of animal that we have the closest connection with as humans, even though most of us don’t know about them or ever see one in our lifetime,” she said. “We still have this very ancient and intimate relationship, and it seems clear that we’ve had these face mite species with us for all of our history. So they are as old as our species, as old as homo sapiens.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Yep, you probably have Demodex mites living on your face. These tiny arachnids feast on sebum, the greasy oil in your pores. But should you be worried about your eight-legged guests? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848665,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1341},"headData":{"title":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You | KQED","description":"Yep, you probably have Demodex mites living on your face. These tiny arachnids feast on sebum, the greasy oil in your pores. But should you be worried about your eight-legged guests? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"These Face Mites Really Grow on You","datePublished":"2019-05-21T06:00:27-07:00","dateModified":"2024-01-09T17:04:25-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/YW2eGaUzq7E","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1941506/these-face-mites-really-grow-on-you","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I hate to break this to you, but you almost certainly have tiny mites living in the pores in your face right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called Demodex. And pretty much every adult human alive has a population of these mites living on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also called eyelash mites, they’re too small to see with the naked eye. They’re mostly transparent, and at about .3 millimeters long, it would take about five face adult mites laid end to end to stretch across the head of a pin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They look like kind of like stubby little worms,” said Michelle Trautwein, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein studies our relationship with these microscopic stowaways by looking at their DNA. Her findings so far show that people in different parts of the world have different face mites living in the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They tell a story of your own ancestry and also a story of more ancient human history and migration,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_MichelleTrautwein_microscope.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein of the California Academy of Sciences studies face mites using microscopes and genetic testing. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We use a little spoon and scrape it across the kind of greasier parts of someone’s face — which isn’t as bad as it sounds,” said Trautwein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once she has collected the samples, she takes them back to the lab to look at the genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has found DNA evidence of face mites on every one of more than 2,000 people she has tested, including tourists from all around the world who make their way to the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one is thrilled at the initial notion that they have arachnids on their face,” Trautwein said. “But people are often curious — even in their revulsion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how could these creatures live on so many people and still go unnoticed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941533 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_PeachFuzz_male.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face mites make their home in the follicles found at the root of the peach fuzz that covers most human skin. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Look closely and you’ll see that in addition to the more obvious body and head hair, human skin is covered in a thin, barely visible layer of peach fuzz called vellus hairs. There are a few notable exceptions, such as the palms of our hands and soles of our feet, but other than that our entire bodies are covered in that fuzz. The shaft of each one of those tiny hairs grows out of its own follicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Face mites spend their days face-down inside your hair follicles nestled up against the hair shaft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They eat sebum, that greasy oil your skin makes to protect itself and keep it from drying out. The sebum is produced in sebaceous glands, which empty into the hair follicles, coating both the hair shaft and face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the greasiest parts of your body — like around the eyes, nose and mouth — likely harbor a higher concentration of mites than other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They live about two weeks. They spend most of their time tucked inside our pores. But while we’re sleeping, they crawl out onto the surface of our skin to mate before crawling back into our pores to lay their eggs. Fun!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since they live inside your pores, you can’t scrub them off by washing. It’s basically impossible to get rid of all of your face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does Trautwein study them? With glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1941540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_SlideCollection_LindsayPalaima.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lindsay Palaima bravely volunteers to have a slide covered in glue stuck to her forehead in order to capture face mites growing in her pores. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I actually put glue on a glass microscope slide and stick it onto a person’s forehead,” she said. “Then I slowly peel it off. I look under a microscope for mites that are stuck in the follicles that stick up from the thin layer of skin that got peeled off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be pretty addictive and exciting,” she added. “It’s sort of a meditative process of looking through this microforest of follicles and hairs, and looking for just the right potential movement or shape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941538\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941538 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/DL610_FaceMites_InFollicle.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demodex face mite seen writhing around in the root of a human hair follicle, observed under a microscope. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These Demodex face mites got their name from the Greek words for “fat” and “boring worm,” but they’re not really worms at all. They’re actually arachnids — related to ticks — and more distantly to spiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people have face mites on them and never notice. It seems that our immune system is able to keep their numbers in check. But some people can experience problems with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you tell patients that they have face mites, first of all, they freak out,” said Dr. Kanade Shinkai, a dermatologist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinkai occasionally treats patients who have an overload of face mites, which results in a condition called demodicosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a very particular look to people suffering from demodicosis. We call it the Demodex frost,” she said. “It’s sort of a white sheen on the skin. And if you look really closely, you can see coming out of every pore. If you scrape those pores, you can see it frothing with little Demodex face mites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a pretty rare condition and it’s often connected to a change in someone’s immune system, such as receiving immunosuppressive drugs after transplant surgery, chemotherapy or immunodeficiency diseases like HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demodicosis can also be triggered by local suppression of the immune system, like when itch-relieving hydrocortisone cream is used on the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it does happen, demodicosis usually comes on fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patients almost universally describe this explosive development of pustules like whiteheads on their face. It’s really dramatic,” Shinkai said. “And what’s really dramatic about it is that they’re often fine the day before, and then they develop it, overnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the vast majority of people, face mites are nothing to worry about. While some studies have found loose connections between Demodex and diseases like rosacea, the evidence hasn’t shown a strong link.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really confusing is that if you go into your office and scrape everyone’s face, you would find Demodex probably on everybody,” Shinkai said. “And people who have low burden of Demodex may have no or very severe disease and vice versa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein also sees face mites as more of a source of interest than fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not dangerous in a broad sense because we all have them and most of us seem to be cohabiting quite well with them,” Trautwein said. “We mostly share them within family units and it seems like you are probably initially colonized soon after birth, most likely by your mother, traditionally speaking in human history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at these mites, researchers like Trautwein can usually tell something about your geographical ancestry — what part of the world your ancestors came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1941715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1941715 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1020x496.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-800x389.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-768x374.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers-1200x584.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/05/Map_Follic_migration_nonumbers.jpg 1285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michelle Trautwein has found that several genetically distinct groups of Demodex face mites (represented by different colors on this map) exist in different geographic areas. \u003ccite>(Michelle Trautwein/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Face mites are definitely the species of animal that we have the closest connection with as humans, even though most of us don’t know about them or ever see one in our lifetime,” she said. “We still have this very ancient and intimate relationship, and it seems clear that we’ve had these face mite species with us for all of our history. So they are as old as our species, as old as homo sapiens.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1941506/these-face-mites-really-grow-on-you","authors":["6219"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_3890","science_86"],"tags":["science_3370"],"featImg":"science_1942008","label":"science_1935"},"science_1992513":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992513","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992513","found":true},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"atmospheric-rivers-in-californias-ancient-past-exceeded-modern-storms","title":"Atmospheric Rivers in California’s Ancient Past Exceeded Modern Storms","publishDate":1714561229,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Atmospheric Rivers in California’s Ancient Past Exceeded Modern Storms | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Clarke Knight studies just how far back in history, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1935067/rivers-in-the-sky-what-you-need-to-know-about-atmospheric-river-storms\">massive atmospheric river storms\u003c/a> wreaked havoc on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01357-z\">she reviewed her recent findings\u003c/a> on a computer at her then-home in Menlo Park, the power went out. The cause? An atmospheric river in February of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of an ironic moment to be thwarted by the very thing I’m trying to understand,” said Knight, a USGS research geographer who studies paleoclimatology — the effects of weather on Earth in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By looking 3,200 years into the past, Knight extended atmospheric river knowledge significantly: twice in three millennia, atmospheric river activity exceeded anything in modern instrumental record keeping, deluging the state with widespread rainfall beyond what current Californians have ever experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32 massive storms that drenched California last year pale in comparison to some of the storms in the state’s past. Climate scientists argue Knight’s data established a new baseline for understanding intensifying storms in today’s warming world because of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding what happened when we didn’t have this additional layer of climate change is important to consider as a baseline for what to expect,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992499\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Three women wearing puffy jackets hold a clear tube full of dark soil and brownish clear water above it.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Geological Survey Scientists Clarke Knight, Lysanna Anderson, Marie Champagne hold an extracted sediment core. They later analyzed the cores to determine past atmospheric river activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knight and her colleagues extracted around 15-foot-deep sediment samples from the bottom of Leonard Lake, an almost entirely undisturbed lake in Mendocino County. Atmospheric rivers often hit the lake, causing sediment layers to settle on the lake floor, cementing things like titanium and silica into place. Using radiocarbon dating to determine the age of those organic materials, Knight compared that signal with current records. Once unearthed, the cores provided a more precise long-term history of atmospheric rivers in California.[aside postID=\"science_1991123,science_1991417,science_1985890\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have provided some of the first direct physical evidence of atmospheric storms in California’s history that had not been previously known,” she said. “[It is] about 20 times longer than the information we had previously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It sets the baseline’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Widespread meteorology records in California began in the late 1940s, and for the longest time, historians viewed the wettest and most disastrous rain event in California as the Great Flood of 1862 — which killed at least 4,000 people and cost more than $3 billion in today’s dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/profiles/cpoulsen\">Cody Poulsen\u003c/a>, who studies atmospheric rivers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said Knight’s findings are one missing puzzle piece in our understanding of future weather patterns in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sets the baseline in the sense that it provides a logical connection regarding the importance of atmospheric rivers,” he said. “This study creates a sobering result that the things that we think are extreme, amplified via global warming and climate change, could be more extreme.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2406px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A small glassy lake with hills, fog and trees reflect upon the surface of the lake. A small square wooden dock leads into the lake connected to a small aluminum boat and kayaks.\" width=\"2406\" height=\"1604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED.jpg 2406w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2406px) 100vw, 2406px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clarke Knight studied Leonard Lake in Mendocino County because it sits relatively untouched and because atmospheric rivers often hit the body of water.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knight’s study does have limitations. First, it focused only on one lake. Poulsen said that samples from lakes across the state are needed to have a more comprehensive view of atmospheric rivers’ effect on California in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is just the tip of the spear,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the study doesn’t resolve individual storms or water years. Instead, each data point holds around 10 years of information, “which in our field is extremely high resolution,” Knight said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://geography.berkeley.edu/professor-john-chiang\">John Chiang\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley professor who studies atmospheric science, said Knight’s new record doesn’t accurately predict future storms in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That being said, it does set a baseline in that this is a first of its kind to reconstruct the atmospheric activity in the past,” he said. “This data doesn’t corroborate the exact physics of what we think will happen in a future climate. Those variations occurred in the past when we didn’t have humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The findings bolster our current efforts’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Knight also selected Leonard Lake because water managers operate large regional reservoirs. More \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CW3E_RussianRiverDroughtReadinessReport.pdf\">than half of the water delivered to that watershed along the Russian River comes from atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight hopes to expand her work to similar lakes across the coastal range and said learning from history “sets us up for a better conversation about risks.” She also would like her study to cause the state and water managers to “reassess the ability of existing infrastructure to handle these events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992501\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A light wood surface with two columns of layered black and grey soil. A pink colored hand with a wrist full of beaded bracelets sits next to them for scale.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS research geologist Lysanna Anderson compares sediment samples from Leonard Lake in Mendocino County to her hand. Each layer of soil represents years of sediment deposited onto the lake floor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-anderson-a24a6310/\">Michael Anderson\u003c/a>, the state’s climatologist, is excited about the study because it takes computer model projections of future weather and turns them into “tangible” observations showing what happened in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That creates a stronger motivation to keep up the work we’re doing,” he said. “Our system is built to manage floods up to a certain size. Beyond that, the system can be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the study is helpful in understanding “what makes extreme storms happen,” but more data is needed as the state prepares its reservoirs and waterways for extreme storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the Russian River in Sonoma and Mendocino counties, water managers track atmospheric rivers using radar units dispersed across mountaintops, flights during storms and the release of water from reservoirs when a big storm approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the findings bolster our current efforts to plan for the extremes that we’ve already been doing,” said \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/cw3e-welcomes-chris-delaney/\">Chris Delaney\u003c/a>, principal engineer at Sonoma Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the agency might use Knight’s study in future planning because the new information means extreme events could extend beyond what the agency can handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we think is a 100-year event or a 500-year event now is probably not accurate if you were to look at the much longer period of climate like this study has done,” Delaney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Baskett, a hydrogeologist for Sonoma Water, said that having this new historical information about atmospheric rivers allows the agency to prepare for what could happen in the coming decades as the world continues to warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to see that they have actual physical evidence of it,” he said. “From where I’m sitting, the more data, the better because I think that having that kind of data helps us project for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New research sets a new baseline for the intensity of atmospheric rivers in California and provides clues into storms the state will face as the world warms. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1714778622,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1152},"headData":{"title":"Atmospheric Rivers in California’s Ancient Past Exceeded Modern Storms | KQED","description":"New research sets a new baseline for the intensity of atmospheric rivers in California and provides clues into storms the state will face as the world warms. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Atmospheric Rivers in California’s Ancient Past Exceeded Modern Storms","datePublished":"2024-05-01T04:00:29-07:00","dateModified":"2024-05-03T16:23:42-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/GettyImages-1348746232_qut-1020x658.jpg","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Ezra David Romero","jobTitle":"Climate Reporter","url":"https://www.kqed.org/author/eromero"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/eromero"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/GettyImages-1348746232_qut-1020x658.jpg","width":1020,"height":658,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"ogImageWidth":"1020","ogImageHeight":"658","twitterImageUrl":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/GettyImages-1348746232_qut-1020x658.jpg","twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/GettyImages-1348746232_qut-1020x658.jpg","width":1020,"height":658,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["atmospheric river","featured-news","featured-science","sediment","storms"]}},"sticky":false,"nprStoryId":"kqed-1992513","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992513/atmospheric-rivers-in-californias-ancient-past-exceeded-modern-storms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Clarke Knight studies just how far back in history, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1935067/rivers-in-the-sky-what-you-need-to-know-about-atmospheric-river-storms\">massive atmospheric river storms\u003c/a> wreaked havoc on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01357-z\">she reviewed her recent findings\u003c/a> on a computer at her then-home in Menlo Park, the power went out. The cause? An atmospheric river in February of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of an ironic moment to be thwarted by the very thing I’m trying to understand,” said Knight, a USGS research geographer who studies paleoclimatology — the effects of weather on Earth in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By looking 3,200 years into the past, Knight extended atmospheric river knowledge significantly: twice in three millennia, atmospheric river activity exceeded anything in modern instrumental record keeping, deluging the state with widespread rainfall beyond what current Californians have ever experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32 massive storms that drenched California last year pale in comparison to some of the storms in the state’s past. Climate scientists argue Knight’s data established a new baseline for understanding intensifying storms in today’s warming world because of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding what happened when we didn’t have this additional layer of climate change is important to consider as a baseline for what to expect,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992499\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Three women wearing puffy jackets hold a clear tube full of dark soil and brownish clear water above it.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/DRILLINGCORE-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Geological Survey Scientists Clarke Knight, Lysanna Anderson, Marie Champagne hold an extracted sediment core. They later analyzed the cores to determine past atmospheric river activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knight and her colleagues extracted around 15-foot-deep sediment samples from the bottom of Leonard Lake, an almost entirely undisturbed lake in Mendocino County. Atmospheric rivers often hit the lake, causing sediment layers to settle on the lake floor, cementing things like titanium and silica into place. Using radiocarbon dating to determine the age of those organic materials, Knight compared that signal with current records. Once unearthed, the cores provided a more precise long-term history of atmospheric rivers in California.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1991123,science_1991417,science_1985890","label":"Related Stories "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have provided some of the first direct physical evidence of atmospheric storms in California’s history that had not been previously known,” she said. “[It is] about 20 times longer than the information we had previously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It sets the baseline’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Widespread meteorology records in California began in the late 1940s, and for the longest time, historians viewed the wettest and most disastrous rain event in California as the Great Flood of 1862 — which killed at least 4,000 people and cost more than $3 billion in today’s dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/profiles/cpoulsen\">Cody Poulsen\u003c/a>, who studies atmospheric rivers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said Knight’s findings are one missing puzzle piece in our understanding of future weather patterns in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sets the baseline in the sense that it provides a logical connection regarding the importance of atmospheric rivers,” he said. “This study creates a sobering result that the things that we think are extreme, amplified via global warming and climate change, could be more extreme.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2406px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A small glassy lake with hills, fog and trees reflect upon the surface of the lake. A small square wooden dock leads into the lake connected to a small aluminum boat and kayaks.\" width=\"2406\" height=\"1604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED.jpg 2406w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/LeonardLake_NatureComms-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2406px) 100vw, 2406px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clarke Knight studied Leonard Lake in Mendocino County because it sits relatively untouched and because atmospheric rivers often hit the body of water.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knight’s study does have limitations. First, it focused only on one lake. Poulsen said that samples from lakes across the state are needed to have a more comprehensive view of atmospheric rivers’ effect on California in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is just the tip of the spear,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the study doesn’t resolve individual storms or water years. Instead, each data point holds around 10 years of information, “which in our field is extremely high resolution,” Knight said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://geography.berkeley.edu/professor-john-chiang\">John Chiang\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley professor who studies atmospheric science, said Knight’s new record doesn’t accurately predict future storms in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That being said, it does set a baseline in that this is a first of its kind to reconstruct the atmospheric activity in the past,” he said. “This data doesn’t corroborate the exact physics of what we think will happen in a future climate. Those variations occurred in the past when we didn’t have humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The findings bolster our current efforts’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Knight also selected Leonard Lake because water managers operate large regional reservoirs. More \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CW3E_RussianRiverDroughtReadinessReport.pdf\">than half of the water delivered to that watershed along the Russian River comes from atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight hopes to expand her work to similar lakes across the coastal range and said learning from history “sets us up for a better conversation about risks.” She also would like her study to cause the state and water managers to “reassess the ability of existing infrastructure to handle these events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992501\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A light wood surface with two columns of layered black and grey soil. A pink colored hand with a wrist full of beaded bracelets sits next to them for scale.\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/04/WHATCLAYLAYERSLOOKLIKE-KQED-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS research geologist Lysanna Anderson compares sediment samples from Leonard Lake in Mendocino County to her hand. Each layer of soil represents years of sediment deposited onto the lake floor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-anderson-a24a6310/\">Michael Anderson\u003c/a>, the state’s climatologist, is excited about the study because it takes computer model projections of future weather and turns them into “tangible” observations showing what happened in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That creates a stronger motivation to keep up the work we’re doing,” he said. “Our system is built to manage floods up to a certain size. Beyond that, the system can be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said the study is helpful in understanding “what makes extreme storms happen,” but more data is needed as the state prepares its reservoirs and waterways for extreme storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the Russian River in Sonoma and Mendocino counties, water managers track atmospheric rivers using radar units dispersed across mountaintops, flights during storms and the release of water from reservoirs when a big storm approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the findings bolster our current efforts to plan for the extremes that we’ve already been doing,” said \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/cw3e-welcomes-chris-delaney/\">Chris Delaney\u003c/a>, principal engineer at Sonoma Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the agency might use Knight’s study in future planning because the new information means extreme events could extend beyond what the agency can handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we think is a 100-year event or a 500-year event now is probably not accurate if you were to look at the much longer period of climate like this study has done,” Delaney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Baskett, a hydrogeologist for Sonoma Water, said that having this new historical information about atmospheric rivers allows the agency to prepare for what could happen in the coming decades as the world continues to warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to see that they have actual physical evidence of it,” he said. “From where I’m sitting, the more data, the better because I think that having that kind of data helps us project for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992513/atmospheric-rivers-in-californias-ancient-past-exceeded-modern-storms","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2227","science_4417","science_4414","science_5295","science_2878"],"featImg":"science_1992516","label":"science","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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